Merge gtest-1.6.0.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@136212 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

20 files changed, 2252 insertions, 755 deletions

diff --git a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index 121dc1fb5a..a27883f0a4 100644
--- a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
 
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -154,24 +154,24 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 // Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, with an
 // integer exit status that satisfies predicate, and emitting error output
 // that matches regex.
-#define ASSERT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
+# define ASSERT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Like ASSERT_EXIT, but continues on to successive tests in the
 // test case, if any:
-#define EXPECT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
+# define EXPECT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, either by
 // explicitly exiting with a nonzero exit code or being killed by a
 // signal, and emitting error output that matches regex.
-#define ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  ASSERT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
+# define ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+    ASSERT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
 
 // Like ASSERT_DEATH, but continues on to successive tests in the
 // test case, if any:
-#define EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  EXPECT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
+# define EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+    EXPECT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
 
 // Two predicate classes that can be used in {ASSERT,EXPECT}_EXIT*:
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ ExitedWithCode {
   const int exit_code_;
 };
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests that an exit code describes an exit due to termination by a
 // given signal.
 class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
  private:
   const int signum_;
 };
-#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH asserts that the given statements die in debug mode.
 // The death testing framework causes this to have interesting semantics,
@@ -242,23 +242,23 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 //   EXPECT_EQ(12, DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect));
 // }, "death");
 //
-#ifdef NDEBUG
+# ifdef NDEBUG
 
-#define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
-#define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
-#else
+# else
 
-#define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 
-#define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
+#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 
-#endif  // NDEBUG for EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH
+# endif  // NDEBUG for EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) and
@@ -267,14 +267,14 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 // useful when you are combining death test assertions with normal test
 // assertions in one test.
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-#define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
     EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
-#define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
     ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 #else
-#define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
     GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, )
-#define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
+# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
     GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, return)
 #endif
 
diff --git a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
index f135b69427..9b7142f320 100644
--- a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-string.h>
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace testing {
 // Typical usage:
 //
 //   1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
-//      It will remember the text in a StrStream.
+//      It will remember the text in a stringstream.
 //   2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
 //      This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
 //      to the ostream.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace testing {
 // Message is not intended to be inherited from.  In particular, its
 // destructor is not virtual.
 //
-// Note that StrStream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC.  You
+// Note that stringstream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC.  You
 // can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
 // latter (it causes an access violation if you do).  The Message
 // class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
@@ -87,27 +87,26 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
  public:
   // Constructs an empty Message.
-  // We allocate the StrStream separately because it otherwise each use of
+  // We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
   // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
   // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
   // the stack space.
-  Message() : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {
+  Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
     // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
     // a double to a Message.
     *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
   }
 
   // Copy constructor.
-  Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {  // NOLINT
+  Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
     *ss_ << msg.GetString();
   }
 
   // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
-  explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {
+  explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
     *ss_ << str;
   }
 
-  ~Message() { delete ss_; }
 #if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
   template <typename T>
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
   template <typename T>
   inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, val);
+    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), val);
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, pointer);
+      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
     }
     return *this;
   }
@@ -189,10 +188,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
   internal::String GetString() const {
-    return internal::StrStreamToString(ss_);
+    return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
   }
 
  private:
+
 #if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
   // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
@@ -203,17 +203,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, pointer);
+      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
     }
   }
   template <typename T>
   inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*dummy*/, const T& value) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, value);
+    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), value);
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
   // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
-  internal::StrStream* const ss_;
+  const internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::stringstream> ss_;
 
   // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
   // from implementing the assignment operator.
diff --git a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index 3184d07ba0..b1f8bb9610 100644
--- a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-param-test.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
@@ -48,10 +50,12 @@
 #if 0
 
 // To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
-// class. It must be derived from testing::TestWithParam<T>, where T is
-// the type of your parameter values. TestWithParam<T> is itself derived
-// from testing::Test. T can be any copyable type. If it's a raw pointer,
-// you are responsible for managing the lifespan of the pointed values.
+// class. It is usually derived from testing::TestWithParam<T> (see below for
+// another inheritance scheme that's sometimes useful in more complicated
+// class hierarchies), where the type of your parameter values.
+// TestWithParam<T> is itself derived from testing::Test. T can be any
+// copyable type. If it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the
+// lifespan of the pointed values.
 
 class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
   // You can implement all the usual class fixture members here.
@@ -146,20 +150,46 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest, ValuesIn(pets));
 // In the future, we plan to publish the API for defining new parameter
 // generators. But for now this interface remains part of the internal
 // implementation and is subject to change.
+//
+//
+// A parameterized test fixture must be derived from testing::Test and from
+// testing::WithParamInterface<T>, where T is the type of the parameter
+// values. Inheriting from TestWithParam<T> satisfies that requirement because
+// TestWithParam<T> inherits from both Test and WithParamInterface. In more
+// complicated hierarchies, however, it is occasionally useful to inherit
+// separately from Test and WithParamInterface. For example:
+
+class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  // You can inherit all the usual members for a non-parameterized test
+  // fixture here.
+};
+
+class DerivedTest : public BaseTest, public ::testing::WithParamInterface<int> {
+  // The usual test fixture members go here too.
+};
+
+TEST_F(BaseTest, HasFoo) {
+  // This is an ordinary non-parameterized test.
+}
+
+TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
+  // GetParam works just the same here as if you inherit from TestWithParam.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
+}
 
 #endif  // 0
 
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-port.h>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-#include <utility>
+# include <utility>
 #endif
 
 // scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
 // *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
 // inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>
-#include <gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
@@ -275,11 +305,10 @@ internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
 //
 template <typename ForwardIterator>
 internal::ParamGenerator<
-    typename ::std::iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::value_type> ValuesIn(
-  ForwardIterator begin,
-  ForwardIterator end) {
-  typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::value_type
-      ParamType;
+  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
+ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) {
+  typedef typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>
+      ::value_type ParamType;
   return internal::ParamGenerator<ParamType>(
       new internal::ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator<ParamType>(begin, end));
 }
@@ -1197,7 +1226,7 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
   return Values(false, true);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 // Combine() allows the user to combine two or more sequences to produce
 // values of a Cartesian product of those sequences' elements.
 //
@@ -1349,11 +1378,11 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
       Generator10>(
       g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9, g10);
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 
 
 
-#define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
+# define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
       : public test_case_name { \
    public: \
@@ -1379,7 +1408,7 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
       GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
   void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
-#define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator) \
+# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator) \
   ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
       gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
   int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ = \
diff --git a/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cbab3ff4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/unittest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+//
+// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
+// value of any type T:
+//
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
+//
+// A user can teach this function how to print a class type T by
+// defining either operator<<() or PrintTo() in the namespace that
+// defines T.  More specifically, the FIRST defined function in the
+// following list will be used (assuming T is defined in namespace
+// foo):
+//
+//   1. foo::PrintTo(const T&, ostream*)
+//   2. operator<<(ostream&, const T&) defined in either foo or the
+//      global namespace.
+//
+// If none of the above is defined, it will print the debug string of
+// the value if it is a protocol buffer, or print the raw bytes in the
+// value otherwise.
+//
+// To aid debugging: when T is a reference type, the address of the
+// value is also printed; when T is a (const) char pointer, both the
+// pointer value and the NUL-terminated string it points to are
+// printed.
+//
+// We also provide some convenient wrappers:
+//
+//   // Prints a value to a string.  For a (const or not) char
+//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
+//   // printed.
+//   std::string ::testing::PrintToString(const T& value);
+//
+//   // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced
+//   // value (but not the address) is printed; for a (const or not) char
+//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
+//   // printed.
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ostream*);
+//
+//   // Prints value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The difference
+//   // from UniversalTersePrint() is that this function prints both the
+//   // pointer and the NUL-terminated string for a (const or not) char pointer.
+//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint(const T& value, ostream*);
+//
+//   // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
+//   // element for each field. Tuple support must be enabled in
+//   // gtest-port.h.
+//   std::vector<string> UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
+//       const Tuple& value);
+//
+// Known limitation:
+//
+// The print primitives print the elements of an STL-style container
+// using the compiler-inferred type of *iter where iter is a
+// const_iterator of the container.  When const_iterator is an input
+// iterator but not a forward iterator, this inferred type may not
+// match value_type, and the print output may be incorrect.  In
+// practice, this is rarely a problem as for most containers
+// const_iterator is a forward iterator.  We'll fix this if there's an
+// actual need for it.  Note that this fix cannot rely on value_type
+// being defined as many user-defined container types don't have
+// value_type.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+
+#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
+// subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE THEM IN USER CODE!
+namespace internal2 {
+
+// Prints the given number of bytes in the given object to the given
+// ostream.
+GTEST_API_ void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes,
+                                     size_t count,
+                                     ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// For selecting which printer to use when a given type has neither <<
+// nor PrintTo().
+enum TypeKind {
+  kProtobuf,              // a protobuf type
+  kConvertibleToInteger,  // a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt
+                          // (e.g. a named or unnamed enum type)
+  kOtherType              // anything else
+};
+
+// TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kTypeKind>::PrintValue(value, os) is called
+// by the universal printer to print a value of type T when neither
+// operator<< nor PrintTo() is defined for T, where kTypeKind is the
+// "kind" of T as defined by enum TypeKind.
+template <typename T, TypeKind kTypeKind>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter {
+ public:
+  // This default version is called when kTypeKind is kOtherType.
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintBytesInObjectTo(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&value),
+                         sizeof(value), os);
+  }
+};
+
+// We print a protobuf using its ShortDebugString() when the string
+// doesn't exceed this many characters; otherwise we print it using
+// DebugString() for better readability.
+const size_t kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength = 50;
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kProtobuf> {
+ public:
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    const ::testing::internal::string short_str = value.ShortDebugString();
+    const ::testing::internal::string pretty_str =
+        short_str.length() <= kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength ?
+        short_str : ("\n" + value.DebugString());
+    *os << ("<" + pretty_str + ">");
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToInteger> {
+ public:
+  // Since T has no << operator or PrintTo() but can be implicitly
+  // converted to BiggestInt, we print it as a BiggestInt.
+  //
+  // Most likely T is an enum type (either named or unnamed), in which
+  // case printing it as an integer is the desired behavior.  In case
+  // T is not an enum, printing it as an integer is the best we can do
+  // given that it has no user-defined printer.
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    const internal::BiggestInt kBigInt = value;
+    *os << kBigInt;
+  }
+};
+
+// Prints the given value to the given ostream.  If the value is a
+// protocol message, its debug string is printed; if it's an enum or
+// of a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt, it's printed as an
+// integer; otherwise the bytes in the value are printed.  This is
+// what UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when it knows nothing about
+// type T and T has neither << operator nor PrintTo().
+//
+// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
+// a << operator in the namespace where Foo is defined.
+//
+// We put this operator in namespace 'internal2' instead of 'internal'
+// to simplify the implementation, as much code in 'internal' needs to
+// use << in STL, which would conflict with our own << were it defined
+// in 'internal'.
+//
+// Note that this operator<< takes a generic std::basic_ostream<Char,
+// CharTraits> type instead of the more restricted std::ostream.  If
+// we define it to take an std::ostream instead, we'll get an
+// "ambiguous overloads" compiler error when trying to print a type
+// Foo that supports streaming to std::basic_ostream<Char,
+// CharTraits>, as the compiler cannot tell whether
+// operator<<(std::ostream&, const T&) or
+// operator<<(std::basic_stream<Char, CharTraits>, const Foo&) is more
+// specific.
+template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
+::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
+    ::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os, const T& x) {
+  TypeWithoutFormatter<T,
+      (internal::IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value ? kProtobuf :
+       internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<const T&, internal::BiggestInt>::value ?
+       kConvertibleToInteger : kOtherType)>::PrintValue(x, &os);
+  return os;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal2
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// This namespace MUST NOT BE NESTED IN ::testing, or the name look-up
+// magic needed for implementing UniversalPrinter won't work.
+namespace testing_internal {
+
+// Used to print a value that is not an STL-style container when the
+// user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // With the following statement, during unqualified name lookup,
+  // testing::internal2::operator<< appears as if it was declared in
+  // the nearest enclosing namespace that contains both
+  // ::testing_internal and ::testing::internal2, i.e. the global
+  // namespace.  For more details, refer to the C++ Standard section
+  // 7.3.4-1 [namespace.udir].  This allows us to fall back onto
+  // testing::internal2::operator<< in case T doesn't come with a <<
+  // operator.
+  //
+  // We cannot write 'using ::testing::internal2::operator<<;', which
+  // gcc 3.3 fails to compile due to a compiler bug.
+  using namespace ::testing::internal2;  // NOLINT
+
+  // Assuming T is defined in namespace foo, in the next statement,
+  // the compiler will consider all of:
+  //
+  //   1. foo::operator<< (thanks to Koenig look-up),
+  //   2. ::operator<< (as the current namespace is enclosed in ::),
+  //   3. testing::internal2::operator<< (thanks to the using statement above).
+  //
+  // The operator<< whose type matches T best will be picked.
+  //
+  // We deliberately allow #2 to be a candidate, as sometimes it's
+  // impossible to define #1 (e.g. when foo is ::std, defining
+  // anything in it is undefined behavior unless you are a compiler
+  // vendor.).
+  *os << value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing_internal
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr) prints the given
+// value to the given ostream.  The caller must ensure that
+// 'ostream_ptr' is not NULL, or the behavior is undefined.
+//
+// We define UniversalPrinter as a class template (as opposed to a
+// function template), as we need to partially specialize it for
+// reference types, which cannot be done with function templates.
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalPrinter;
+
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// Used to print an STL-style container when the user doesn't define
+// a PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename C>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */,
+                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+                    const C& container, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  const size_t kMaxCount = 32;  // The maximum number of elements to print.
+  *os << '{';
+  size_t count = 0;
+  for (typename C::const_iterator it = container.begin();
+       it != container.end(); ++it, ++count) {
+    if (count > 0) {
+      *os << ',';
+      if (count == kMaxCount) {  // Enough has been printed.
+        *os << " ...";
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    *os << ' ';
+    // We cannot call PrintTo(*it, os) here as PrintTo() doesn't
+    // handle *it being a native array.
+    internal::UniversalPrint(*it, os);
+  }
+
+  if (count > 0) {
+    *os << ' ';
+  }
+  *os << '}';
+}
+
+// Used to print a pointer that is neither a char pointer nor a member
+// pointer, when the user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.  (A member
+// variable pointer or member function pointer doesn't really point to
+// a location in the address space.  Their representation is
+// implementation-defined.  Therefore they will be printed as raw
+// bytes.)
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
+                    true_type /* is a pointer */,
+                    T* p, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    *os << "NULL";
+  } else {
+    // C++ doesn't allow casting from a function pointer to any object
+    // pointer.
+    //
+    // IsTrue() silences warnings: "Condition is always true",
+    // "unreachable code".
+    if (IsTrue(ImplicitlyConvertible<T*, const void*>::value)) {
+      // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
+      // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
+      // types, if any.
+      *os << p;
+    } else {
+      // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
+      // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
+      // void*.  However, we cannot cast it to const void* directly,
+      // even using reinterpret_cast, as earlier versions of gcc
+      // (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast when p is a function
+      // pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves the problem.
+      *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+          reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Used to print a non-container, non-pointer value when the user
+// doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
+                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+                    const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  ::testing_internal::DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(value, os);
+}
+
+// Prints the given value using the << operator if it has one;
+// otherwise prints the bytes in it.  This is what
+// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when PrintTo() is not specialized
+// or overloaded for type T.
+//
+// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
+// an overload of PrintTo() in the namespace where Foo is defined.  We
+// give the user this option as sometimes defining a << operator for
+// Foo is not desirable (e.g. the coding style may prevent doing it,
+// or there is already a << operator but it doesn't do what the user
+// wants).
+template <typename T>
+void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded.  The type of its first two
+  // arguments determine which version will be picked.  If T is an
+  // STL-style container, the version for container will be called; if
+  // T is a pointer, the pointer version will be called; otherwise the
+  // generic version will be called.
+  //
+  // Note that we check for container types here, prior to we check
+  // for protocol message types in our operator<<.  The rationale is:
+  //
+  // For protocol messages, we want to give people a chance to
+  // override Google Mock's format by defining a PrintTo() or
+  // operator<<.  For STL containers, other formats can be
+  // incompatible with Google Mock's format for the container
+  // elements; therefore we check for container types here to ensure
+  // that our format is used.
+  //
+  // The second argument of DefaultPrintTo() is needed to bypass a bug
+  // in Symbian's C++ compile