diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel/pid.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/pid.c | 434 |
1 files changed, 322 insertions, 112 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/pid.c b/kernel/pid.c index a48879b0b92..9b9a2669814 100644 --- a/kernel/pid.c +++ b/kernel/pid.c @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ /* * Generic pidhash and scalable, time-bounded PID allocator * - * (C) 2002-2003 William Irwin, IBM - * (C) 2004 William Irwin, Oracle + * (C) 2002-2003 Nadia Yvette Chambers, IBM + * (C) 2004 Nadia Yvette Chambers, Oracle * (C) 2002-2004 Ingo Molnar, Red Hat * * pid-structures are backing objects for tasks sharing a given ID to chain @@ -18,20 +18,32 @@ * allocation scenario when all but one out of 1 million PIDs possible are * allocated already: the scanning of 32 list entries and at most PAGE_SIZE * bytes. The typical fastpath is a single successful setbit. Freeing is O(1). + * + * Pid namespaces: + * (C) 2007 Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>, OpenVZ, SWsoft Inc. + * (C) 2007 Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>, IBM + * Many thanks to Oleg Nesterov for comments and help + * */ #include <linux/mm.h> -#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/export.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/init.h> +#include <linux/rculist.h> #include <linux/bootmem.h> #include <linux/hash.h> -#include <linux/pspace.h> - -#define pid_hashfn(nr) hash_long((unsigned long)nr, pidhash_shift) +#include <linux/pid_namespace.h> +#include <linux/init_task.h> +#include <linux/syscalls.h> +#include <linux/proc_ns.h> +#include <linux/proc_fs.h> + +#define pid_hashfn(nr, ns) \ + hash_long((unsigned long)nr + (unsigned long)ns, pidhash_shift) static struct hlist_head *pid_hash; -static int pidhash_shift; -static struct kmem_cache *pid_cachep; +static unsigned int pidhash_shift = 4; +struct pid init_struct_pid = INIT_STRUCT_PID; int pid_max = PID_MAX_DEFAULT; @@ -40,12 +52,10 @@ int pid_max = PID_MAX_DEFAULT; int pid_max_min = RESERVED_PIDS + 1; int pid_max_max = PID_MAX_LIMIT; -#define BITS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE*8) -#define BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK (BITS_PER_PAGE-1) - -static inline int mk_pid(struct pspace *pspace, struct pidmap *map, int off) +static inline int mk_pid(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, + struct pidmap *map, int off) { - return (map - pspace->pidmap)*BITS_PER_PAGE + off; + return (map - pid_ns->pidmap)*BITS_PER_PAGE + off; } #define find_next_offset(map, off) \ @@ -57,12 +67,21 @@ static inline int mk_pid(struct pspace *pspace, struct pidmap *map, int off) * value does not cause lots of bitmaps to be allocated, but * the scheme scales to up to 4 million PIDs, runtime. */ -struct pspace init_pspace = { +struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = { + .kref = { + .refcount = ATOMIC_INIT(2), + }, .pidmap = { [ 0 ... PIDMAP_ENTRIES-1] = { ATOMIC_INIT(BITS_PER_PAGE), NULL } }, - .last_pid = 0 + .last_pid = 0, + .nr_hashed = PIDNS_HASH_ADDING, + .level = 0, + .child_reaper = &init_task, + .user_ns = &init_user_ns, + .proc_inum = PROC_PID_INIT_INO, }; +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_pid_ns); /* * Note: disable interrupts while the pidmap_lock is held as an @@ -80,26 +99,71 @@ struct pspace init_pspace = { static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pidmap_lock); -static fastcall void free_pidmap(struct pspace *pspace, int pid) +static void free_pidmap(struct upid *upid) { - struct pidmap *map = pspace->pidmap + pid / BITS_PER_PAGE; - int offset = pid & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; + int nr = upid->nr; + struct pidmap *map = upid->ns->pidmap + nr / BITS_PER_PAGE; + int offset = nr & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; clear_bit(offset, map->page); atomic_inc(&map->nr_free); } -static int alloc_pidmap(struct pspace *pspace) +/* + * If we started walking pids at 'base', is 'a' seen before 'b'? + */ +static int pid_before(int base, int a, int b) { - int i, offset, max_scan, pid, last = pspace->last_pid; + /* + * This is the same as saying + * + * (a - base + MAXUINT) % MAXUINT < (b - base + MAXUINT) % MAXUINT + * and that mapping orders 'a' and 'b' with respect to 'base'. + */ + return (unsigned)(a - base) < (unsigned)(b - base); +} + +/* + * We might be racing with someone else trying to set pid_ns->last_pid + * at the pid allocation time (there's also a sysctl for this, but racing + * with this one is OK, see comment in kernel/pid_namespace.c about it). + * We want the winner to have the "later" value, because if the + * "earlier" value prevails, then a pid may get reused immediately. + * + * Since pids rollover, it is not sufficient to just pick the bigger + * value. We have to consider where we started counting from. + * + * 'base' is the value of pid_ns->last_pid that we observed when + * we started looking for a pid. + * + * 'pid' is the pid that we eventually found. + */ +static void set_last_pid(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int base, int pid) +{ + int prev; + int last_write = base; + do { + prev = last_write; + last_write = cmpxchg(&pid_ns->last_pid, prev, pid); + } while ((prev != last_write) && (pid_before(base, last_write, pid))); +} + +static int alloc_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns) +{ + int i, offset, max_scan, pid, last = pid_ns->last_pid; struct pidmap *map; pid = last + 1; if (pid >= pid_max) pid = RESERVED_PIDS; offset = pid & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; - map = &pspace->pidmap[pid/BITS_PER_PAGE]; - max_scan = (pid_max + BITS_PER_PAGE - 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE - !offset; + map = &pid_ns->pidmap[pid/BITS_PER_PAGE]; + /* + * If last_pid points into the middle of the map->page we + * want to scan this bitmap block twice, the second time + * we start with offset == 0 (or RESERVED_PIDS). + */ + max_scan = DIV_ROUND_UP(pid_max, BITS_PER_PAGE) - !offset; for (i = 0; i <= max_scan; ++i) { if (unlikely(!map->page)) { void *page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); @@ -108,72 +172,78 @@ static int alloc_pidmap(struct pspace *pspace) * installing it: */ spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock); - if (map->page) - kfree(page); - else + if (!map->page) { map->page = page; + page = NULL; + } spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); + kfree(page); if (unlikely(!map->page)) break; } if (likely(atomic_read(&map->nr_free))) { - do { + for ( ; ; ) { if (!test_and_set_bit(offset, map->page)) { atomic_dec(&map->nr_free); - pspace->last_pid = pid; + set_last_pid(pid_ns, last, pid); return pid; } offset = find_next_offset(map, offset); - pid = mk_pid(pspace, map, offset); - /* - * find_next_offset() found a bit, the pid from it - * is in-bounds, and if we fell back to the last - * bitmap block and the final block was the same - * as the starting point, pid is before last_pid. - */ - } while (offset < BITS_PER_PAGE && pid < pid_max && - (i != max_scan || pid < last || - !((last+1) & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK))); + if (offset >= BITS_PER_PAGE) + break; + pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); + if (pid >= pid_max) + break; + } } - if (map < &pspace->pidmap[(pid_max-1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]) { + if (map < &pid_ns->pidmap[(pid_max-1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]) { ++map; offset = 0; } else { - map = &pspace->pidmap[0]; + map = &pid_ns->pidmap[0]; offset = RESERVED_PIDS; if (unlikely(last == offset)) break; } - pid = mk_pid(pspace, map, offset); + pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); } return -1; } -static int next_pidmap(struct pspace *pspace, int last) +int next_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, unsigned int last) { int offset; struct pidmap *map, *end; + if (last >= PID_MAX_LIMIT) + return -1; + offset = (last + 1) & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; - map = &pspace->pidmap[(last + 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]; - end = &pspace->pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES]; + map = &pid_ns->pidmap[(last + 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]; + end = &pid_ns->pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES]; for (; map < end; map++, offset = 0) { if (unlikely(!map->page)) continue; offset = find_next_bit((map)->page, BITS_PER_PAGE, offset); if (offset < BITS_PER_PAGE) - return mk_pid(pspace, map, offset); + return mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); } return -1; } -fastcall void put_pid(struct pid *pid) +void put_pid(struct pid *pid) { + struct pid_namespace *ns; + if (!pid) return; + + ns = pid->numbers[pid->level].ns; if ((atomic_read(&pid->count) == 1) || - atomic_dec_and_test(&pid->count)) - kmem_cache_free(pid_cachep, pid); + atomic_dec_and_test(&pid->count)) { + kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid); + put_pid_ns(ns); + } } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_pid); @@ -183,78 +253,141 @@ static void delayed_put_pid(struct rcu_head *rhp) put_pid(pid); } -fastcall void free_pid(struct pid *pid) +void free_pid(struct pid *pid) { /* We can be called with write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) held */ + int i; unsigned long flags; spin_lock_irqsave(&pidmap_lock, flags); - hlist_del_rcu(&pid->pid_chain); + for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++) { + struct upid *upid = pid->numbers + i; + struct pid_namespace *ns = upid->ns; + hlist_del_rcu(&upid->pid_chain); + switch(--ns->nr_hashed) { + case 2: + case 1: + /* When all that is left in the pid namespace + * is the reaper wake up the reaper. The reaper + * may be sleeping in zap_pid_ns_processes(). + */ + wake_up_process(ns->child_reaper); + break; + case PIDNS_HASH_ADDING: + /* Handle a fork failure of the first process */ + WARN_ON(ns->child_reaper); + ns->nr_hashed = 0; + /* fall through */ + case 0: + schedule_work(&ns->proc_work); + break; + } + } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pidmap_lock, flags); - free_pidmap(&init_pspace, pid->nr); + for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++) + free_pidmap(pid->numbers + i); + call_rcu(&pid->rcu, delayed_put_pid); } -struct pid *alloc_pid(void) +struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns) { struct pid *pid; enum pid_type type; - int nr = -1; + int i, nr; + struct pid_namespace *tmp; + struct upid *upid; - pid = kmem_cache_alloc(pid_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); + pid = kmem_cache_alloc(ns->pid_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); if (!pid) goto out; - nr = alloc_pidmap(&init_pspace); - if (nr < 0) - goto out_free; + tmp = ns; + pid->level = ns->level; + for (i = ns->level; i >= 0; i--) { + nr = alloc_pidmap(tmp); + if (nr < 0) + goto out_free; + + pid->numbers[i].nr = nr; + pid->numbers[i].ns = tmp; + tmp = tmp->parent; + } + + if (unlikely(is_child_reaper(pid))) { + if (pid_ns_prepare_proc(ns)) + goto out_free; + } + get_pid_ns(ns); atomic_set(&pid->count, 1); - pid->nr = nr; for (type = 0; type < PIDTYPE_MAX; ++type) INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pid->tasks[type]); + upid = pid->numbers + ns->level; spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock); - hlist_add_head_rcu(&pid->pid_chain, &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(pid->nr)]); + if (!(ns->nr_hashed & PIDNS_HASH_ADDING)) + goto out_unlock; + for ( ; upid >= pid->numbers; --upid) { + hlist_add_head_rcu(&upid->pid_chain, + &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(upid->nr, upid->ns)]); + upid->ns->nr_hashed++; + } spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); out: return pid; +out_unlock: + spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); out_free: - kmem_cache_free(pid_cachep, pid); + while (++i <= ns->level) + free_pidmap(pid->numbers + i); + + kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid); pid = NULL; goto out; } -struct pid * fastcall find_pid(int nr) +void disable_pid_allocation(struct pid_namespace *ns) { - struct hlist_node *elem; - struct pid *pid; + spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock); + ns->nr_hashed &= ~PIDNS_HASH_ADDING; + spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); +} + +struct pid *find_pid_ns(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns) +{ + struct upid *pnr; + + hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pnr, + &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(nr, ns)], pid_chain) + if (pnr->nr == nr && pnr->ns == ns) + return container_of(pnr, struct pid, + numbers[ns->level]); - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pid, elem, - &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(nr)], pid_chain) { - if (pid->nr == nr) - return pid; - } return NULL; } -EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_pid); +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_pid_ns); -int fastcall attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, int nr) +struct pid *find_vpid(int nr) { - struct pid_link *link; - struct pid *pid; - - link = &task->pids[type]; - link->pid = pid = find_pid(nr); - hlist_add_head_rcu(&link->node, &pid->tasks[type]); + return find_pid_ns(nr, task_active_pid_ns(current)); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_vpid); - return 0; +/* + * attach_pid() must be called with the tasklist_lock write-held. + */ +void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) +{ + struct pid_link *link = &task->pids[type]; + hlist_add_head_rcu(&link->node, &link->pid->tasks[type]); } -void fastcall detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) +static void __change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, + struct pid *new) { struct pid_link *link; struct pid *pid; @@ -264,7 +397,7 @@ void fastcall detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) pid = link->pid; hlist_del_rcu(&link->node); - link->pid = NULL; + link->pid = new; for (tmp = PIDTYPE_MAX; --tmp >= 0; ) if (!hlist_empty(&pid->tasks[tmp])) @@ -273,47 +406,69 @@ void fastcall detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) free_pid(pid); } +void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) +{ + __change_pid(task, type, NULL); +} + +void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, + struct pid *pid) +{ + __change_pid(task, type, pid); + attach_pid(task, type); +} + /* transfer_pid is an optimization of attach_pid(new), detach_pid(old) */ -void fastcall transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new, +void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new, enum pid_type type) { new->pids[type].pid = old->pids[type].pid; hlist_replace_rcu(&old->pids[type].node, &new->pids[type].node); - old->pids[type].pid = NULL; } -struct task_struct * fastcall pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) +struct task_struct *pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) { struct task_struct *result = NULL; if (pid) { struct hlist_node *first; - first = rcu_dereference(pid->tasks[type].first); + first = rcu_dereference_check(hlist_first_rcu(&pid->tasks[type]), + lockdep_tasklist_lock_is_held()); if (first) result = hlist_entry(first, struct task_struct, pids[(type)].node); } return result; } +EXPORT_SYMBOL(pid_task); /* - * Must be called under rcu_read_lock() or with tasklist_lock read-held. + * Must be called under rcu_read_lock(). */ -struct task_struct *find_task_by_pid_type(int type, int nr) +struct task_struct *find_task_by_pid_ns(pid_t nr, struct pid_namespace *ns) { - return pid_task(find_pid(nr), type); + rcu_lockdep_assert(rcu_read_lock_held(), + "find_task_by_pid_ns() needs rcu_read_lock()" + " protection"); + return pid_task(find_pid_ns(nr, ns), PIDTYPE_PID); } -EXPORT_SYMBOL(find_task_by_pid_type); +struct task_struct *find_task_by_vpid(pid_t vnr) +{ + return find_task_by_pid_ns(vnr, task_active_pid_ns(current)); +} struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) { struct pid *pid; rcu_read_lock(); + if (type != PIDTYPE_PID) + task = task->group_leader; pid = get_pid(task->pids[type].pid); rcu_read_unlock(); return pid; } +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_task_pid); -struct task_struct *fastcall get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) +struct task_struct *get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) { struct task_struct *result; rcu_read_lock(); @@ -323,37 +478,89 @@ struct task_struct *fastcall get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) rcu_read_unlock(); return result; } +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_pid_task); struct pid *find_get_pid(pid_t nr) { struct pid *pid; rcu_read_lock(); - pid = get_pid(find_pid(nr)); + pid = get_pid(find_vpid(nr)); rcu_read_unlock(); return pid; } +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_get_pid); + +pid_t pid_nr_ns(struct pid *pid, struct pid_namespace *ns) +{ + struct upid *upid; + pid_t nr = 0; + + if (pid && ns->level <= pid->level) { + upid = &pid->numbers[ns->level]; + if (upid->ns == ns) + nr = upid->nr; + } + return nr; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pid_nr_ns); + +pid_t pid_vnr(struct pid *pid) +{ + return pid_nr_ns(pid, task_active_pid_ns(current)); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pid_vnr); + +pid_t __task_pid_nr_ns(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, + struct pid_namespace *ns) +{ + pid_t nr = 0; + + rcu_read_lock(); + if (!ns) + ns = task_active_pid_ns(current); + if (likely(pid_alive(task))) { + if (type != PIDTYPE_PID) + task = task->group_leader; + nr = pid_nr_ns(task->pids[type].pid, ns); + } + rcu_read_unlock(); + + return nr; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__task_pid_nr_ns); + +pid_t task_tgid_nr_ns(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns) +{ + return pid_nr_ns(task_tgid(tsk), ns); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(task_tgid_nr_ns); + +struct pid_namespace *task_active_pid_ns(struct task_struct *tsk) +{ + return ns_of_pid(task_pid(tsk)); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(task_active_pid_ns); /* - * Used by proc to find the first pid that is greater then or equal to nr. + * Used by proc to find the first pid that is greater than or equal to nr. * - * If there is a pid at nr this function is exactly the same as find_pid. + * If there is a pid at nr this function is exactly the same as find_pid_ns. */ -struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr) +struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns) { struct pid *pid; do { - pid = find_pid(nr); + pid = find_pid_ns(nr, ns); if (pid) break; - nr = next_pidmap(&init_pspace, nr); + nr = next_pidmap(ns, nr); } while (nr > 0); return pid; } -EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_get_pid); /* * The pid hash table is scaled according to the amount of memory in the @@ -362,32 +569,35 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_get_pid); */ void __init pidhash_init(void) { - int i, pidhash_size; - unsigned long megabytes = nr_kernel_pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT); - - pidhash_shift = max(4, fls(megabytes * 4)); - pidhash_shift = min(12, pidhash_shift); - pidhash_size = 1 << pidhash_shift; + unsigned int i, pidhash_size; - printk("PID hash table entries: %d (order: %d, %Zd bytes)\n", - pidhash_size, pidhash_shift, - pidhash_size * sizeof(struct hlist_head)); + pid_hash = alloc_large_system_hash("PID", sizeof(*pid_hash), 0, 18, + HASH_EARLY | HASH_SMALL, + &pidhash_shift, NULL, + 0, 4096); + pidhash_size = 1U << pidhash_shift; - pid_hash = alloc_bootmem(pidhash_size * sizeof(*(pid_hash))); - if (!pid_hash) - panic("Could not alloc pidhash!\n"); for (i = 0; i < pidhash_size; i++) INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pid_hash[i]); } void __init pidmap_init(void) { - init_pspace.pidmap[0].page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); + /* Veryify no one has done anything silly */ + BUILD_BUG_ON(PID_MAX_LIMIT >= PIDNS_HASH_ADDING); + + /* bump default and minimum pid_max based on number of cpus */ + pid_max = min(pid_max_max, max_t(int, pid_max, + PIDS_PER_CPU_DEFAULT * num_possible_cpus())); + pid_max_min = max_t(int, pid_max_min, + PIDS_PER_CPU_MIN * num_possible_cpus()); + pr_info("pid_max: default: %u minimum: %u\n", pid_max, pid_max_min); + + init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); /* Reserve PID 0. We never call free_pidmap(0) */ - set_bit(0, init_pspace.pidmap[0].page); - atomic_dec(&init_pspace.pidmap[0].nr_free); + set_bit(0, init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page); + atomic_dec(&init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].nr_free); - pid_cachep = kmem_cache_create("pid", sizeof(struct pid), - __alignof__(struct pid), - SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL); + init_pid_ns.pid_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(pid, + SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC); } |
