1 files changed, 1114 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/nilfs2/inode.c b/fs/nilfs2/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6252b173a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/nilfs2/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@
+/*
+ * inode.c - NILFS inode operations.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ *
+ * Written by Ryusuke Konishi <ryusuke@osrg.net>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/mpage.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/aio.h>
+#include "nilfs.h"
+#include "btnode.h"
+#include "segment.h"
+#include "page.h"
+#include "mdt.h"
+#include "cpfile.h"
+#include "ifile.h"
+
+/**
+ * struct nilfs_iget_args - arguments used during comparison between inodes
+ * @ino: inode number
+ * @cno: checkpoint number
+ * @root: pointer on NILFS root object (mounted checkpoint)
+ * @for_gc: inode for GC flag
+ */
+struct nilfs_iget_args {
+	u64 ino;
+	__u64 cno;
+	struct nilfs_root *root;
+	int for_gc;
+};
+
+void nilfs_inode_add_blocks(struct inode *inode, int n)
+{
+	struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;
+
+	inode_add_bytes(inode, (1 << inode->i_blkbits) * n);
+	if (root)
+		atomic64_add(n, &root->blocks_count);
+}
+
+void nilfs_inode_sub_blocks(struct inode *inode, int n)
+{
+	struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;
+
+	inode_sub_bytes(inode, (1 << inode->i_blkbits) * n);
+	if (root)
+		atomic64_sub(n, &root->blocks_count);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nilfs_get_block() - get a file block on the filesystem (callback function)
+ * @inode - inode struct of the target file
+ * @blkoff - file block number
+ * @bh_result - buffer head to be mapped on
+ * @create - indicate whether allocating the block or not when it has not
+ *      been allocated yet.
+ *
+ * This function does not issue actual read request of the specified data
+ * block. It is done by VFS.
+ */
+int nilfs_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t blkoff,
+		    struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	__u64 blknum = 0;
+	int err = 0, ret;
+	unsigned maxblocks = bh_result->b_size >> inode->i_blkbits;
+
+	down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+	ret = nilfs_bmap_lookup_contig(ii->i_bmap, blkoff, &blknum, maxblocks);
+	up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+	if (ret >= 0) {	/* found */
+		map_bh(bh_result, inode->i_sb, blknum);
+		if (ret > 0)
+			bh_result->b_size = (ret << inode->i_blkbits);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/* data block was not found */
+	if (ret == -ENOENT && create) {
+		struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
+
+		bh_result->b_blocknr = 0;
+		err = nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, &ti, 1);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out;
+		err = nilfs_bmap_insert(ii->i_bmap, (unsigned long)blkoff,
+					(unsigned long)bh_result);
+		if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
+			if (err == -EEXIST) {
+				/*
+				 * The get_block() function could be called
+				 * from multiple callers for an inode.
+				 * However, the page having this block must
+				 * be locked in this case.
+				 */
+				printk(KERN_WARNING
+				       "nilfs_get_block: a race condition "
+				       "while inserting a data block. "
+				       "(inode number=%lu, file block "
+				       "offset=%llu)\n",
+				       inode->i_ino,
+				       (unsigned long long)blkoff);
+				err = 0;
+			}
+			nilfs_transaction_abort(inode->i_sb);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb); /* never fails */
+		/* Error handling should be detailed */
+		set_buffer_new(bh_result);
+		set_buffer_delay(bh_result);
+		map_bh(bh_result, inode->i_sb, 0); /* dbn must be changed
+						      to proper value */
+	} else if (ret == -ENOENT) {
+		/* not found is not error (e.g. hole); must return without
+		   the mapped state flag. */
+		;
+	} else {
+		err = ret;
+	}
+
+ out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nilfs_readpage() - implement readpage() method of nilfs_aops {}
+ * address_space_operations.
+ * @file - file struct of the file to be read
+ * @page - the page to be read
+ */
+static int nilfs_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page)
+{
+	return mpage_readpage(page, nilfs_get_block);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nilfs_readpages() - implement readpages() method of nilfs_aops {}
+ * address_space_operations.
+ * @file - file struct of the file to be read
+ * @mapping - address_space struct used for reading multiple pages
+ * @pages - the pages to be read
+ * @nr_pages - number of pages to be read
+ */
+static int nilfs_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			   struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
+{
+	return mpage_readpages(mapping, pages, nr_pages, nilfs_get_block);
+}
+
+static int nilfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
+			    struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+		nilfs_clear_dirty_pages(mapping, false);
+		return -EROFS;
+	}
+
+	if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL)
+		err = nilfs_construct_dsync_segment(inode->i_sb, inode,
+						    wbc->range_start,
+						    wbc->range_end);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	int err;
+
+	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+		/*
+		 * It means that filesystem was remounted in read-only
+		 * mode because of error or metadata corruption. But we
+		 * have dirty pages that try to be flushed in background.
+		 * So, here we simply discard this dirty page.
+		 */
+		nilfs_clear_dirty_page(page, false);
+		unlock_page(page);
+		return -EROFS;
+	}
+
+	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
+	unlock_page(page);
+
+	if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL) {
+		err = nilfs_construct_segment(inode->i_sb);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			return err;
+	} else if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+		nilfs_flush_segment(inode->i_sb, inode->i_ino);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
+{
+	int ret = __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(page);
+
+	if (page_has_buffers(page)) {
+		struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+		unsigned nr_dirty = 0;
+		struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
+
+		/*
+		 * This page is locked by callers, and no other thread
+		 * concurrently marks its buffers dirty since they are
+		 * only dirtied through routines in fs/buffer.c in
+		 * which call sites of mark_buffer_dirty are protected
+		 * by page lock.
+		 */
+		bh = head = page_buffers(page);
+		do {
+			/* Do not mark hole blocks dirty */
+			if (buffer_dirty(bh) || !buffer_mapped(bh))
+				continue;
+
+			set_buffer_dirty(bh);
+			nr_dirty++;
+		} while (bh = bh->b_this_page, bh != head);
+
+		if (nr_dirty)
+			nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, nr_dirty);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void nilfs_write_failed(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t to)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+
+	if (to > inode->i_size) {
+		truncate_pagecache(inode, inode->i_size);
+		nilfs_truncate(inode);
+	}
+}
+
+static int nilfs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			     loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
+			     struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
+
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	int err = nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, NULL, 1);
+
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		return err;
+
+	err = block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, flags, pagep,
+				nilfs_get_block);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		nilfs_write_failed(mapping, pos + len);
+		nilfs_transaction_abort(inode->i_sb);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			   loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
+			   struct page *page, void *fsdata)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	unsigned start = pos & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
+	unsigned nr_dirty;
+	int err;
+
+	nr_dirty = nilfs_page_count_clean_buffers(page, start,
+						  start + copied);
+	copied = generic_write_end(file, mapping, pos, len, copied, page,
+				   fsdata);
+	nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, nr_dirty);
+	err = nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb);
+	return err ? : copied;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+nilfs_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
+		loff_t offset)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
+	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
+	size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
+	ssize_t size;
+
+	if (rw == WRITE)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Needs synchronization with the cleaner */
+	size = blockdev_direct_IO(rw, iocb, inode, iter, offset,
+				  nilfs_get_block);
+
+	/*
+	 * In case of error extending write may have instantiated a few
+	 * blocks outside i_size. Trim these off again.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely((rw & WRITE) && size < 0)) {
+		loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
+		loff_t end = offset + count;
+
+		if (end > isize)
+			nilfs_write_failed(mapping, end);
+	}
+
+	return size;
+}
+
+const struct address_space_operations nilfs_aops = {
+	.writepage		= nilfs_writepage,
+	.readpage		= nilfs_readpage,
+	.writepages		= nilfs_writepages,
+	.set_page_dirty		= nilfs_set_page_dirty,
+	.readpages		= nilfs_readpages,
+	.write_begin		= nilfs_write_begin,
+	.write_end		= nilfs_write_end,
+	/* .releasepage		= nilfs_releasepage, */
+	.invalidatepage		= block_invalidatepage,
+	.direct_IO		= nilfs_direct_IO,
+	.is_partially_uptodate  = block_is_partially_uptodate,
+};
+
+struct inode *nilfs_new_inode(struct inode *dir, umode_t mode)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii;
+	struct nilfs_root *root;
+	int err = -ENOMEM;
+	ino_t ino;
+
+	inode = new_inode(sb);
+	if (unlikely(!inode))
+		goto failed;
+
+	mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping,
+			     mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping) & ~__GFP_FS);
+
+	root = NILFS_I(dir)->i_root;
+	ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	ii->i_state = 1 << NILFS_I_NEW;
+	ii->i_root = root;
+
+	err = nilfs_ifile_create_inode(root->ifile, &ino, &ii->i_bh);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto failed_ifile_create_inode;
+	/* reference count of i_bh inherits from nilfs_mdt_read_block() */
+
+	atomic64_inc(&root->inodes_count);
+	inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
+	inode->i_ino = ino;
+	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		err = nilfs_bmap_read(ii->i_bmap, NULL);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto failed_bmap;
+
+		set_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state);
+		/* No lock is needed; iget() ensures it. */
+	}
+
+	ii->i_flags = nilfs_mask_flags(
+		mode, NILFS_I(dir)->i_flags & NILFS_FL_INHERITED);
+
+	/* ii->i_file_acl = 0; */
+	/* ii->i_dir_acl = 0; */
+	ii->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
+	nilfs_set_inode_flags(inode);
+	spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_next_gen_lock);
+	inode->i_generation = nilfs->ns_next_generation++;
+	spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_next_gen_lock);
+	insert_inode_hash(inode);
+
+	err = nilfs_init_acl(inode, dir);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto failed_acl; /* never occur. When supporting
+				    nilfs_init_acl(), proper cancellation of
+				    above jobs should be considered */
+
+	return inode;
+
+ failed_acl:
+ failed_bmap:
+	clear_nlink(inode);
+	iput(inode);  /* raw_inode will be deleted through
+			 generic_delete_inode() */
+	goto failed;
+
+ failed_ifile_create_inode:
+	make_bad_inode(inode);
+	iput(inode);  /* if i_nlink == 1, generic_forget_inode() will be
+			 called */
+ failed:
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+void nilfs_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = NILFS_I(inode)->i_flags;
+
+	inode->i_flags &= ~(S_SYNC | S_APPEND | S_IMMUTABLE | S_NOATIME |
+			    S_DIRSYNC);
+	if (flags & FS_SYNC_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_SYNC;
+	if (flags & FS_APPEND_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_APPEND;
+	if (flags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
+	if (flags & FS_NOATIME_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_NOATIME;
+	if (flags & FS_DIRSYNC_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_DIRSYNC;
+	mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping,
+			     mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping) & ~__GFP_FS);
+}
+
+int nilfs_read_inode_common(struct inode *inode,
+			    struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	int err;
+
+	inode->i_mode = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mode);
+	i_uid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_uid));
+	i_gid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_gid));
+	set_nlink(inode, le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_links_count));
+	inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_size);
+	inode->i_atime.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime);
+	inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime);
+	inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime);
+	inode->i_atime.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec);
+	inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime_nsec);
+	inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec);
+	if (inode->i_nlink == 0 && inode->i_mode == 0)
+		return -EINVAL; /* this inode is deleted */
+
+	inode->i_blocks = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_blocks);
+	ii->i_flags = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_flags);
+#if 0
+	ii->i_file_acl = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_file_acl);
+	ii->i_dir_acl = S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) ?
+		0 : le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_dir_acl);
+#endif
+	ii->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
+	inode->i_generation = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_generation);
+
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ||
+	    S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
+		err = nilfs_bmap_read(ii->i_bmap, raw_inode);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		set_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state);
+		/* No lock is needed; iget() ensures it. */
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __nilfs_read_inode(struct super_block *sb,
+			      struct nilfs_root *root, unsigned long ino,
+			      struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode;
+	int err;
+
+	down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+	err = nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block(root->ifile, ino, &bh);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto bad_inode;
+
+	raw_inode = nilfs_ifile_map_inode(root->ifile, ino, bh);
+
+	err = nilfs_read_inode_common(inode, raw_inode);
+	if (err)
+		goto failed_unmap;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &nilfs_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &nilfs_file_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
+	} else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &nilfs_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &nilfs_dir_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &nilfs_symlink_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
+	} else {
+		inode->i_op = &nilfs_special_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(
+			inode, inode->i_mode,
+			huge_decode_dev(le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_device_code)));
+	}
+	nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(root->ifile, ino, bh);
+	brelse(bh);
+	up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+	nilfs_set_inode_flags(inode);
+	return 0;
+
+ failed_unmap:
+	nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(root->ifile, ino, bh);
+	brelse(bh);
+
+ bad_inode:
+	up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_iget_test(struct inode *inode, void *opaque)
+{
+	struct nilfs_iget_args *args = opaque;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii;
+
+	if (args->ino != inode->i_ino || args->root != NILFS_I(inode)->i_root)
+		return 0;
+
+	ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_GCINODE, &ii->i_state))
+		return !args->for_gc;
+
+	return args->for_gc && args->cno == ii->i_cno;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_iget_set(struct inode *inode, void *opaque)
+{
+	struct nilfs_iget_args *args = opaque;
+
+	inode->i_ino = args->ino;
+	if (args->for_gc) {
+		NILFS_I(inode)->i_state = 1 << NILFS_I_GCINODE;
+		NILFS_I(inode)->i_cno = args->cno;
+		NILFS_I(inode)->i_root = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (args->root && args->ino == NILFS_ROOT_INO)
+			nilfs_get_root(args->root);
+		NILFS_I(inode)->i_root = args->root;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct inode *nilfs_ilookup(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
+			    unsigned long ino)
+{
+	struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
+		.ino = ino, .root = root, .cno = 0, .for_gc = 0
+	};
+
+	return ilookup5(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, &args);
+}
+
+struct inode *nilfs_iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
+				unsigned long ino)
+{
+	struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
+		.ino = ino, .root = root, .cno = 0, .for_gc = 0
+	};
+
+	return iget5_locked(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, nilfs_iget_set, &args);
+}
+
+struct inode *nilfs_iget(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
+			 unsigned long ino)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = nilfs_iget_locked(sb, root, ino);
+	if (unlikely(!inode))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	if (!(inode->i_state & I_NEW))
+		return inode;
+
+	err = __nilfs_read_inode(sb, root, ino, inode);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		iget_failed(inode);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	unlock_new_inode(inode);
+	return inode;
+}
+
+struct inode *nilfs_iget_for_gc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino,
+				__u64 cno)
+{
+	struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
+		.ino = ino, .root = NULL, .cno = cno, .for_gc = 1
+	};
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = iget5_locked(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, nilfs_iget_set, &args);
+	if (unlikely(!inode))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	if (!(inode->i_state & I_NEW))
+		return inode;
+
+	err = nilfs_init_gcinode(inode);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		iget_failed(inode);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	unlock_new_inode(inode);
+	return inode;
+}
+
+void nilfs_write_inode_common(struct inode *inode,
+			      struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode, int has_bmap)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+
+	raw_inode->i_mode = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_mode);
+	raw_inode->i_uid = cpu_to_le32(i_uid_read(inode));
+	raw_inode->i_gid = cpu_to_le32(i_gid_read(inode));
+	raw_inode->i_links_count = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_nlink);
+	raw_inode->i_size = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_size);
+	raw_inode->i_ctime = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_ctime.tv_sec);
+	raw_inode->i_mtime = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_mtime.tv_sec);
+	raw_inode->i_ctime_nsec = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec);
+	raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec);
+	raw_inode->i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_blocks);
+
+	raw_inode->i_flags = cpu_to_le32(ii->i_flags);
+	raw_inode->i_generation = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_generation);
+
+	if (NILFS_ROOT_METADATA_FILE(inode->i_ino)) {
+		struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+
+		/* zero-fill unused portion in the case of super root block */
+		raw_inode->i_xattr = 0;
+		raw_inode->i_pad = 0;
+		memset((void *)raw_inode + sizeof(*raw_inode), 0,
+		       nilfs->ns_inode_size - sizeof(*raw_inode));
+	}
+
+	if (has_bmap)
+		nilfs_bmap_write(ii->i_bmap, raw_inode);
+	else if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
+		raw_inode->i_device_code =
+			cpu_to_le64(huge_encode_dev(inode->i_rdev));
+	/* When extending inode, nilfs->ns_inode_size should be checked
+	   for substitutions of appended fields */
+}
+
+void nilfs_update_inode(struct inode *inode, struct buffer_head *ibh)
+{
+	ino_t ino = inode->i_ino;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	struct inode *ifile = ii->i_root->ifile;
+	struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode;
+
+	raw_inode = nilfs_ifile_map_inode(ifile, ino, ibh);
+
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(NILFS_I_NEW, &ii->i_state))
+		memset(raw_inode, 0, NILFS_MDT(ifile)->mi_entry_size);
+	set_bit(NILFS_I_INODE_DIRTY, &ii->i_state);
+
+	nilfs_write_inode_common(inode, raw_inode, 0);
+		/* XXX: call with has_bmap = 0 is a workaround to avoid
+		   deadlock of bmap. This delays update of i_bmap to just
+		   before writing */
+	nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(ifile, ino, ibh);
+}
+
+#define NILFS_MAX_TRUNCATE_BLOCKS	16384  /* 64MB for 4KB block */
+
+static void nilfs_truncate_bmap(struct nilfs_inode_info *ii,
+				unsigned long from)
+{
+	unsigned long b;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
+		return;
+repeat:
+	ret = nilfs_bmap_last_key(ii->i_bmap, &b);
+	if (ret == -ENOENT)
+		return;
+	else if (ret < 0)
+		goto failed;
+
+	if (b < from)
+		return;
+
+	b -= min_t(unsigned long, NILFS_MAX_TRUNCATE_BLOCKS, b - from);
+	ret = nilfs_bmap_truncate(ii->i_bmap, b);
+	nilfs_relax_pressure_in_lock(ii->vfs_inode.i_sb);
+	if (!ret || (ret == -ENOMEM &&
+		     nilfs_bmap_truncate(ii->i_bmap, b) == 0))
+		goto repeat;
+
+failed:
+	nilfs_warning(ii->vfs_inode.i_sb, __func__,
+		      "failed to truncate bmap (ino=%lu, err=%d)",
+		      ii->vfs_inode.i_ino, ret);
+}
+
+void nilfs_truncate(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	unsigned long blkoff;
+	unsigned int blocksize;
+	struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+
+	if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
+		return;
+	if (IS_APPEND(inode) || IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
+		return;
+
+	blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	blkoff = (inode->i_size + blocksize - 1) >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0); /* never fails */
+
+	block_truncate_page(inode->i_mapping, inode->i_size, nilfs_get_block);
+
+	nilfs_truncate_bmap(ii, blkoff);
+
+	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
+	if (IS_SYNC(inode))
+		nilfs_set_transaction_flag(NILFS_TI_SYNC);
+
+	nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, 0);
+	nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);
+	/* May construct a logical segment and may fail in sync mode.
+	   But truncate has no return value. */
+}
+
+static void nilfs_clear_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	struct nilfs_mdt_info *mdi = NILFS_MDT(inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * Free resources allocated in nilfs_read_inode(), here.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ii->i_dirty));
+	brelse(ii->i_bh);
+	ii->i_bh = NULL;
+
+	if (mdi && mdi->mi_palloc_cache)
+		nilfs_palloc_destroy_cache(inode);
+
+	if (test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
+		nilfs_bmap_clear(ii->i_bmap);
+
+	nilfs_btnode_cache_clear(&ii->i_btnode_cache);
+
+	if (ii->i_root && inode->i_ino == NILFS_ROOT_INO)
+		nilfs_put_root(ii->i_root);
+}
+
+void nilfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	int ret;
+
+	if (inode->i_nlink || !ii->i_root || unlikely(is_bad_inode(inode))) {
+		truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
+		clear_inode(inode);
+		nilfs_clear_inode(inode);
+		return;
+	}
+	nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0); /* never fails */
+
+	truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
+
+	/* TODO: some of the following operations may fail.  */
+	nilfs_truncate_bmap(ii, 0);
+	nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	clear_inode(inode);
+
+	ret = nilfs_ifile_delete_inode(ii->i_root->ifile, inode->i_ino);
+	if (!ret)
+		atomic64_dec(&ii->i_root->inodes_count);
+
+	nilfs_clear_inode(inode);
+
+	if (IS_SYNC(inode))
+		nilfs_set_transaction_flag(NILFS_TI_SYNC);
+	nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);
+	/* May construct a logical segment and may fail in sync mode.
+	   But delete_inode has no return value. */
+}
+
+int nilfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *iattr)
+{
+	struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
+	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	int err;
+
+	err = inode_change_ok(inode, iattr);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		return err;
+
+	if ((iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) &&
+	    iattr->ia_size != i_size_read(inode)) {
+		inode_dio_wait(inode);
+		truncate_setsize(inode, iattr->ia_size);
+		nilfs_truncate(inode);
+	}
+
+	setattr_copy(inode, iattr);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+
+	if (iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE) {
+		err = nilfs_acl_chmod(inode);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	return nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);
+
+out_err:
+	nilfs_transaction_abort(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int nilfs_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;
+	if ((mask & MAY_WRITE) && root &&
+	    root->cno != NILFS_CPTREE_CURRENT_CNO)
+		return -EROFS; /* snapshot is not writable */
+
+	return generic_permission(inode, mask);
+}
+
+int nilfs_load_inode_block(struct inode *inode, struct buffer_head **pbh)
+{
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+	if (ii->i_bh == NULL) {
+		spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+		err = nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block(ii->i_root->ifile,
+						  inode->i_ino, pbh);
+		if (unlikely(err))
+			return err;
+		spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+		if (ii->i_bh == NULL)
+			ii->i_bh = *pbh;
+		else {
+			brelse(*pbh);
+			*pbh = ii->i_bh;
+		}
+	} else
+		*pbh = ii->i_bh;
+
+	get_bh(*pbh);
+	spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int nilfs_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!list_empty(&ii->i_dirty)) {
+		spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+		ret = test_bit(NILFS_I_DIRTY, &ii->i_state) ||
+			test_bit(NILFS_I_BUSY, &ii->i_state);
+		spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int nilfs_set_file_dirty(struct inode *inode, unsigned nr_dirty)
+{
+	struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	atomic_add(nr_dirty, &nilfs->ns_ndirtyblks);
+
+	if (test_and_set_bit(NILFS_I_DIRTY, &ii->i_state))
+		return 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+	if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_QUEUED, &ii->i_state) &&
+	    !test_bit(NILFS_I_BUSY, &ii->i_state)) {
+		/* Because this routine may race with nilfs_dispose_list(),
+		   we have to check NILFS_I_QUEUED here, too. */
+		if (list_empty(&ii->i_dirty) && igrab(inode) == NULL) {
+			/* This will happen when somebody is freeing
+			   this inode. */
+			nilfs_warning(inode->i_sb, __func__,
+				      "cannot get inode (ino=%lu)\n",
+				      inode->i_ino);
+			spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+			return -EINVAL; /* NILFS_I_DIRTY may remain for
+					   freeing inode */
+		}
+		list_move_tail(&ii->i_dirty, &nilfs->ns_dirty_files);
+		set_bit(NILFS_I_QUEUED, &ii->i_state);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *ibh;
+	int err;
+
+	err = nilfs_load_inode_block(inode, &ibh);
+	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		nilfs_warning(inode->i_sb, __func__,
+			      "failed to reget inode block.\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+	nilfs_update_inode(inode, ibh);
+	mark_buffer_dirty(ibh);
+	nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(NILFS_I(inode)->i_root->ifile);
+	brelse(ibh);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nilfs_dirty_inode - reflect changes on given inode to an inode block.
+ * @inode: inode of the file to be registered.
+ *
+ * nilfs_dirty_inode() loads a inode block containing the specified
+ * @inode and copies data from a nilfs_inode to a corresponding inode
+ * entry in the inode block. This operation is excluded from the segment
+ * construction. This function can be called both as a single operation
+ * and as a part of indivisible file operations.
+ */
+void nilfs_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+{
+	struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
+	struct nilfs_mdt_info *mdi = NILFS_MDT(inode);
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode)) {
+		nilfs_warning(inode->i_sb, __func__,
+			      "tried to mark bad_inode dirty. ignored.\n");
+		dump_stack();
+		return;
+	}
+	if (mdi) {
+		nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(inode);
+		return;
+	}
+	nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, &ti, 0);
+	nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb); /* never fails */
+}
+
+int nilfs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+		 __u64 start, __u64 len)
+{
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	__u64 logical = 0, phys = 0, size = 0;
+	__u32 flags = 0;
+	loff_t isize;
+	sector_t blkoff, end_blkoff;
+	sector_t delalloc_blkoff;
+	unsigned long delalloc_blklen;
+	unsigned int blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
+	int ret, n;
+
+	ret = fiemap_check_flags(fieinfo, FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+
+	isize = i_size_read(inode);
+
+	blkoff = start >> blkbits;
+	end_blkoff = (start + len - 1) >> blkbits;
+
+	delalloc_blklen = nilfs_find_uncommitted_extent(inode, blkoff,
+							&delalloc_blkoff);
+
+	do {
+		__u64 blkphy;
+		unsigned int maxblocks;
+
+		if (delalloc_blklen && blkoff == delalloc_blkoff) {
+			if (size) {
+				/* End of the current extent */
+				ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
+					fieinfo, logical, phys, size, flags);
+				if (ret)
+					break;
+			}
+			if (blkoff > end_blkoff)
+				break;
+
+			flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED | FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC;
+			logical = blkoff << blkbits;
+			phys = 0;
+			size = delalloc_blklen << blkbits;
+
+			blkoff = delalloc_blkoff + delalloc_blklen;
+			delalloc_blklen = nilfs_find_uncommitted_extent(
+				inode, blkoff, &delalloc_blkoff);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Limit the number of blocks that we look up so as
+		 * not to get into the next delayed allocation extent.
+		 */
+		maxblocks = INT_MAX;
+		if (delalloc_blklen)
+			maxblocks = min_t(sector_t, delalloc_blkoff - blkoff,
+					  maxblocks);
+		blkphy = 0;
+
+		down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+		n = nilfs_bmap_lookup_contig(
+			NILFS_I(inode)->i_bmap, blkoff, &blkphy, maxblocks);
+		up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
+
+		if (n < 0) {
+			int past_eof;
+
+			if (unlikely(n != -ENOENT))
+				break; /* error */
+
+			/* HOLE */
+			blkoff++;
+			past_eof = ((blkoff << blkbits) >= isize);
+
+			if (size) {
+				/* End of the current extent */
+
+				if (past_eof)
+					flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST;
+
+				ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
+					fieinfo, logical, phys, size, flags);
+				if (ret)
+					break;
+				size = 0;
+			}
+			if (blkoff > end_blkoff || past_eof)
+				break;
+		} else {
+			if (size) {
+				if (phys && blkphy << blkbits == phys + size) {
+					/* The current extent goes on */
+					size += n << blkbits;
+				} else {
+					/* Terminate the current extent */
+					ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
+						fieinfo, logical, phys, size,
+						flags);
+					if (ret || blkoff > end_blkoff)
+						break;
+
+					/* Start another extent */
+					flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
+					logical = blkoff << blkbits;
+					phys = blkphy << blkbits;
+					size = n << blkbits;
+				}
+			} else {
+				/* Start a new extent */
+				flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
+				logical = blkoff << blkbits;
+				phys = blkphy << blkbits;
+				size = n << blkbits;
+			}
+			blkoff += n;
+		}
+		cond_resched();
+	} while (true);
+
+	/* If ret is 1 then we just hit the end of the extent array */
+	if (ret == 1)
+		ret = 0;
+
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return ret;
+}