diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c | 482 |
1 files changed, 245 insertions, 237 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c index 5079f24c955..703130f469e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c @@ -1,20 +1,21 @@ +#define pr_fmt(fmt) "SMP alternatives: " fmt + #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/list.h> #include <linux/stringify.h> -#include <linux/kprobes.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/memory.h> #include <linux/stop_machine.h> #include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/kdebug.h> #include <asm/alternative.h> #include <asm/sections.h> #include <asm/pgtable.h> #include <asm/mce.h> #include <asm/nmi.h> -#include <asm/vsyscall.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> #include <asm/tlbflush.h> #include <asm/io.h> @@ -22,19 +23,6 @@ #define MAX_PATCH_LEN (255-1) -#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU -static int smp_alt_once; - -static int __init bootonly(char *str) -{ - smp_alt_once = 1; - return 1; -} -__setup("smp-alt-boot", bootonly); -#else -#define smp_alt_once 1 -#endif - static int __initdata_or_module debug_alternative; static int __init debug_alt(char *str) @@ -64,20 +52,36 @@ static int __init setup_noreplace_paravirt(char *str) __setup("noreplace-paravirt", setup_noreplace_paravirt); #endif -#define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) if (debug_alternative) \ - printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, args) +#define DPRINTK(fmt, ...) \ +do { \ + if (debug_alternative) \ + printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \ +} while (0) +/* + * Each GENERIC_NOPX is of X bytes, and defined as an array of bytes + * that correspond to that nop. Getting from one nop to the next, we + * add to the array the offset that is equal to the sum of all sizes of + * nops preceding the one we are after. + * + * Note: The GENERIC_NOP5_ATOMIC is at the end, as it breaks the + * nice symmetry of sizes of the previous nops. + */ #if defined(GENERIC_NOP1) && !defined(CONFIG_X86_64) -/* Use inline assembly to define this because the nops are defined - as inline assembly strings in the include files and we cannot - get them easily into strings. */ -asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nintelnops: " - GENERIC_NOP1 GENERIC_NOP2 GENERIC_NOP3 GENERIC_NOP4 GENERIC_NOP5 GENERIC_NOP6 - GENERIC_NOP7 GENERIC_NOP8 - "\t.previous"); -extern const unsigned char intelnops[]; -static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module -intel_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { +static const unsigned char intelnops[] = +{ + GENERIC_NOP1, + GENERIC_NOP2, + GENERIC_NOP3, + GENERIC_NOP4, + GENERIC_NOP5, + GENERIC_NOP6, + GENERIC_NOP7, + GENERIC_NOP8, + GENERIC_NOP5_ATOMIC +}; +static const unsigned char * const intel_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+2] = +{ NULL, intelnops, intelnops + 1, @@ -87,17 +91,25 @@ intel_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7, + intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8, }; #endif #ifdef K8_NOP1 -asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nk8nops: " - K8_NOP1 K8_NOP2 K8_NOP3 K8_NOP4 K8_NOP5 K8_NOP6 - K8_NOP7 K8_NOP8 - "\t.previous"); -extern const unsigned char k8nops[]; -static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module -k8_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { +static const unsigned char k8nops[] = +{ + K8_NOP1, + K8_NOP2, + K8_NOP3, + K8_NOP4, + K8_NOP5, + K8_NOP6, + K8_NOP7, + K8_NOP8, + K8_NOP5_ATOMIC +}; +static const unsigned char * const k8_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+2] = +{ NULL, k8nops, k8nops + 1, @@ -107,17 +119,25 @@ k8_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7, + k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8, }; #endif #if defined(K7_NOP1) && !defined(CONFIG_X86_64) -asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nk7nops: " - K7_NOP1 K7_NOP2 K7_NOP3 K7_NOP4 K7_NOP5 K7_NOP6 - K7_NOP7 K7_NOP8 - "\t.previous"); -extern const unsigned char k7nops[]; -static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module -k7_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { +static const unsigned char k7nops[] = +{ + K7_NOP1, + K7_NOP2, + K7_NOP3, + K7_NOP4, + K7_NOP5, + K7_NOP6, + K7_NOP7, + K7_NOP8, + K7_NOP5_ATOMIC +}; +static const unsigned char * const k7_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+2] = +{ NULL, k7nops, k7nops + 1, @@ -127,17 +147,25 @@ k7_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7, + k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8, }; #endif #ifdef P6_NOP1 -asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\np6nops: " - P6_NOP1 P6_NOP2 P6_NOP3 P6_NOP4 P6_NOP5 P6_NOP6 - P6_NOP7 P6_NOP8 - "\t.previous"); -extern const unsigned char p6nops[]; -static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module -p6_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { +static const unsigned char p6nops[] = +{ + P6_NOP1, + P6_NOP2, + P6_NOP3, + P6_NOP4, + P6_NOP5, + P6_NOP6, + P6_NOP7, + P6_NOP8, + P6_NOP5_ATOMIC +}; +static const unsigned char * const p6_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+2] = +{ NULL, p6nops, p6nops + 1, @@ -147,47 +175,65 @@ p6_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = { p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7, + p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8, }; #endif +/* Initialize these to a safe default */ #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +const unsigned char * const *ideal_nops = p6_nops; +#else +const unsigned char * const *ideal_nops = intel_nops; +#endif -extern char __vsyscall_0; -static const unsigned char *const *__init_or_module find_nop_table(void) -{ - if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL && - boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NOPL)) - return p6_nops; - else - return k8_nops; -} - -#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */ - -static const unsigned char *const *__init_or_module find_nop_table(void) +void __init arch_init_ideal_nops(void) { - if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K8)) - return k8_nops; - else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K7)) - return k7_nops; - else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NOPL)) - return p6_nops; - else - return intel_nops; + switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) { + case X86_VENDOR_INTEL: + /* + * Due to a decoder implementation quirk, some + * specific Intel CPUs actually perform better with + * the "k8_nops" than with the SDM-recommended NOPs. + */ + if (boot_cpu_data.x86 == 6 && + boot_cpu_data.x86_model >= 0x0f && + boot_cpu_data.x86_model != 0x1c && + boot_cpu_data.x86_model != 0x26 && + boot_cpu_data.x86_model != 0x27 && + boot_cpu_data.x86_model < 0x30) { + ideal_nops = k8_nops; + } else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NOPL)) { + ideal_nops = p6_nops; + } else { +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + ideal_nops = k8_nops; +#else + ideal_nops = intel_nops; +#endif + } + break; + default: +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + ideal_nops = k8_nops; +#else + if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K8)) + ideal_nops = k8_nops; + else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K7)) + ideal_nops = k7_nops; + else + ideal_nops = intel_nops; +#endif + } } -#endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */ - /* Use this to add nops to a buffer, then text_poke the whole buffer. */ static void __init_or_module add_nops(void *insns, unsigned int len) { - const unsigned char *const *noptable = find_nop_table(); - while (len > 0) { unsigned int noplen = len; if (noplen > ASM_NOP_MAX) noplen = ASM_NOP_MAX; - memcpy(insns, noptable[noplen], noplen); + memcpy(insns, ideal_nops[noplen], noplen); insns += noplen; len -= noplen; } @@ -199,7 +245,7 @@ void *text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len); /* Replace instructions with better alternatives for this CPU type. This runs before SMP is initialized to avoid SMP problems with - self modifying code. This implies that assymetric systems where + self modifying code. This implies that asymmetric systems where APs have less capabilities than the boot processor are not handled. Tough. Make sure you disable such features by hand. */ @@ -207,29 +253,37 @@ void __init_or_module apply_alternatives(struct alt_instr *start, struct alt_instr *end) { struct alt_instr *a; + u8 *instr, *replacement; u8 insnbuf[MAX_PATCH_LEN]; DPRINTK("%s: alt table %p -> %p\n", __func__, start, end); + /* + * The scan order should be from start to end. A later scanned + * alternative code can overwrite a previous scanned alternative code. + * Some kernel functions (e.g. memcpy, memset, etc) use this order to + * patch code. + * + * So be careful if you want to change the scan order to any other + * order. + */ for (a = start; a < end; a++) { - u8 *instr = a->instr; + instr = (u8 *)&a->instr_offset + a->instr_offset; + replacement = (u8 *)&a->repl_offset + a->repl_offset; BUG_ON(a->replacementlen > a->instrlen); BUG_ON(a->instrlen > sizeof(insnbuf)); - BUG_ON(a->cpuid >= NCAPINTS*32); + BUG_ON(a->cpuid >= (NCAPINTS + NBUGINTS) * 32); if (!boot_cpu_has(a->cpuid)) continue; -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 - /* vsyscall code is not mapped yet. resolve it manually. */ - if (instr >= (u8 *)VSYSCALL_START && instr < (u8*)VSYSCALL_END) { - instr = __va(instr - (u8*)VSYSCALL_START + (u8*)__pa_symbol(&__vsyscall_0)); - DPRINTK("%s: vsyscall fixup: %p => %p\n", - __func__, a->instr, instr); - } -#endif - memcpy(insnbuf, a->replacement, a->replacementlen); + + memcpy(insnbuf, replacement, a->replacementlen); + + /* 0xe8 is a relative jump; fix the offset. */ if (*insnbuf == 0xe8 && a->replacementlen == 5) - *(s32 *)(insnbuf + 1) += a->replacement - a->instr; + *(s32 *)(insnbuf + 1) += replacement - instr; + add_nops(insnbuf + a->replacementlen, a->instrlen - a->replacementlen); + text_poke_early(instr, insnbuf, a->instrlen); } } @@ -250,7 +304,7 @@ static void alternatives_smp_lock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end, /* turn DS segment override prefix into lock prefix */ if (*ptr == 0x3e) text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0xf0}), 1); - }; + } mutex_unlock(&text_mutex); } @@ -259,9 +313,6 @@ static void alternatives_smp_unlock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end, { const s32 *poff; - if (noreplace_smp) - return; - mutex_lock(&text_mutex); for (poff = start; poff < end; poff++) { u8 *ptr = (u8 *)poff + *poff; @@ -271,7 +322,7 @@ static void alternatives_smp_unlock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end, /* turn lock prefix into DS segment override prefix */ if (*ptr == 0xf0) text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0x3E}), 1); - }; + } mutex_unlock(&text_mutex); } @@ -292,7 +343,7 @@ struct smp_alt_module { }; static LIST_HEAD(smp_alt_modules); static DEFINE_MUTEX(smp_alt); -static int smp_mode = 1; /* protected by smp_alt */ +static bool uniproc_patched = false; /* protected by smp_alt */ void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, char *name, @@ -301,19 +352,18 @@ void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, { struct smp_alt_module *smp; - if (noreplace_smp) - return; + mutex_lock(&smp_alt); + if (!uniproc_patched) + goto unlock; - if (smp_alt_once) { - if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP)) - alternatives_smp_unlock(locks, locks_end, - text, text_end); - return; - } + if (num_possible_cpus() == 1) + /* Don't bother remembering, we'll never have to undo it. */ + goto smp_unlock; smp = kzalloc(sizeof(*smp), GFP_KERNEL); if (NULL == smp) - return; /* we'll run the (safe but slow) SMP code then ... */ + /* we'll run the (safe but slow) SMP code then ... */ + goto unlock; smp->mod = mod; smp->name = name; @@ -325,11 +375,10 @@ void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, __func__, smp->locks, smp->locks_end, smp->text, smp->text_end, smp->name); - mutex_lock(&smp_alt); list_add_tail(&smp->next, &smp_alt_modules); - if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP)) - alternatives_smp_unlock(smp->locks, smp->locks_end, - smp->text, smp->text_end); +smp_unlock: + alternatives_smp_unlock(locks, locks_end, text, text_end); +unlock: mutex_unlock(&smp_alt); } @@ -337,65 +386,36 @@ void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod) { struct smp_alt_module *item; - if (smp_alt_once || noreplace_smp) - return; - mutex_lock(&smp_alt); list_for_each_entry(item, &smp_alt_modules, next) { if (mod != item->mod) continue; list_del(&item->next); - mutex_unlock(&smp_alt); - DPRINTK("%s: %s\n", __func__, item->name); kfree(item); - return; + break; } mutex_unlock(&smp_alt); } -void alternatives_smp_switch(int smp) +void alternatives_enable_smp(void) { struct smp_alt_module *mod; -#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP - /* - * Older binutils section handling bug prevented - * alternatives-replacement from working reliably. - * - * If this still occurs then you should see a hang - * or crash shortly after this line: - */ - printk("lockdep: fixing up alternatives.\n"); -#endif - - if (noreplace_smp || smp_alt_once) - return; - BUG_ON(!smp && (num_online_cpus() > 1)); + /* Why bother if there are no other CPUs? */ + BUG_ON(num_possible_cpus() == 1); mutex_lock(&smp_alt); - /* - * Avoid unnecessary switches because it forces JIT based VMs to - * throw away all cached translations, which can be quite costly. - */ - if (smp == smp_mode) { - /* nothing */ - } else if (smp) { - printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code\n"); + if (uniproc_patched) { + pr_info("switching to SMP code\n"); + BUG_ON(num_online_cpus() != 1); clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP); clear_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP); list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next) alternatives_smp_lock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end, mod->text, mod->text_end); - } else { - printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n"); - set_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP); - set_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP); - list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next) - alternatives_smp_unlock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end, - mod->text, mod->text_end); + uniproc_patched = false; } - smp_mode = smp; mutex_unlock(&smp_alt); } @@ -472,40 +492,22 @@ void __init alternative_instructions(void) apply_alternatives(__alt_instructions, __alt_instructions_end); - /* switch to patch-once-at-boottime-only mode and free the - * tables in case we know the number of CPUs will never ever - * change */ -#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU - if (num_possible_cpus() < 2) - smp_alt_once = 1; -#endif - #ifdef CONFIG_SMP - if (smp_alt_once) { - if (1 == num_possible_cpus()) { - printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n"); - set_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP); - set_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP); - - alternatives_smp_unlock(__smp_locks, __smp_locks_end, - _text, _etext); - } - } else { + /* Patch to UP if other cpus not imminent. */ + if (!noreplace_smp && (num_present_cpus() == 1 || setup_max_cpus <= 1)) { + uniproc_patched = true; alternatives_smp_module_add(NULL, "core kernel", __smp_locks, __smp_locks_end, _text, _etext); - - /* Only switch to UP mode if we don't immediately boot others */ - if (num_present_cpus() == 1 || setup_max_cpus <= 1) - alternatives_smp_switch(0); } -#endif - apply_paravirt(__parainstructions, __parainstructions_end); - if (smp_alt_once) + if (!uniproc_patched || num_possible_cpus() == 1) free_init_pages("SMP alternatives", (unsigned long)__smp_locks, (unsigned long)__smp_locks_end); +#endif + + apply_paravirt(__parainstructions, __parainstructions_end); restart_nmi(); } @@ -548,7 +550,7 @@ void *__init_or_module text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, * * Note: Must be called under text_mutex. */ -void *__kprobes text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len) +void *text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len) { unsigned long flags; char *vaddr; @@ -583,87 +585,93 @@ void *__kprobes text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len) return addr; } -/* - * Cross-modifying kernel text with stop_machine(). - * This code originally comes from immediate value. - */ -static atomic_t stop_machine_first; -static int wrote_text; +static void do_sync_core(void *info) +{ + sync_core(); +} -struct text_poke_params { - void *addr; - const void *opcode; - size_t len; -}; +static bool bp_patching_in_progress; +static void *bp_int3_handler, *bp_int3_addr; -static int __kprobes stop_machine_text_poke(void *data) +int poke_int3_handler(struct pt_regs *regs) { - struct text_poke_params *tpp = data; + /* bp_patching_in_progress */ + smp_rmb(); - if (atomic_dec_and_test(&stop_machine_first)) { - text_poke(tpp->addr, tpp->opcode, tpp->len); - smp_wmb(); /* Make sure other cpus see that this has run */ - wrote_text = 1; - } else { - while (!wrote_text) - cpu_relax(); - smp_mb(); /* Load wrote_text before following execution */ - } + if (likely(!bp_patching_in_progress)) + return 0; + + if (user_mode_vm(regs) || regs->ip != (unsigned long)bp_int3_addr) + return 0; + + /* set up the specified breakpoint handler */ + regs->ip = (unsigned long) bp_int3_handler; + + return 1; - flush_icache_range((unsigned long)tpp->addr, - (unsigned long)tpp->addr + tpp->len); - return 0; } /** - * text_poke_smp - Update instructions on a live kernel on SMP - * @addr: address to modify - * @opcode: source of the copy - * @len: length to copy + * text_poke_bp() -- update instructions on live kernel on SMP + * @addr: address to patch + * @opcode: opcode of new instruction + * @len: length to copy + * @handler: address to jump to when the temporary breakpoint is hit + * + * Modify multi-byte instruction by using int3 breakpoint on SMP. + * We completely avoid stop_machine() here, and achieve the + * synchronization using int3 breakpoint. * - * Modify multi-byte instruction by using stop_machine() on SMP. This allows - * user to poke/set multi-byte text on SMP. Only non-NMI/MCE code modifying - * should be allowed, since stop_machine() does _not_ protect code against - * NMI and MCE. + * The way it is done: + * - add a int3 trap to the address that will be patched + * - sync cores + * - update all but the first byte of the patched range + * - sync cores + * - replace the first byte (int3) by the first byte of + * replacing opcode + * - sync cores * - * Note: Must be called under get_online_cpus() and text_mutex. + * Note: must be called under text_mutex. */ -void *__kprobes text_poke_smp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len) +void *text_poke_bp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len, void *handler) { - struct text_poke_params tpp; - - tpp.addr = addr; - tpp.opcode = opcode; - tpp.len = len; - atomic_set(&stop_machine_first, 1); - wrote_text = 0; - /* Use __stop_machine() because the caller already got online_cpus. */ - __stop_machine(stop_machine_text_poke, (void *)&tpp, cpu_online_mask); - return addr; -} - -#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE) || defined(HAVE_JUMP_LABEL) - -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 -unsigned char ideal_nop5[5] = { 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x90 }; -#else -unsigned char ideal_nop5[5] = { 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 }; -#endif + unsigned char int3 = 0xcc; -void __init arch_init_ideal_nop5(void) -{ + bp_int3_handler = handler; + bp_int3_addr = (u8 *)addr + sizeof(int3); + bp_patching_in_progress = true; /* - * There is no good nop for all x86 archs. This selection - * algorithm should be unified with the one in find_nop_table(), - * but this should be good enough for now. - * - * For cases other than the ones below, use the safe (as in - * always functional) defaults above. + * Corresponding read barrier in int3 notifier for + * making sure the in_progress flags is correctly ordered wrt. + * patching */ -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 - /* Don't use these on 32 bits due to broken virtualizers */ - if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL) - memcpy(ideal_nop5, p6_nops[5], 5); -#endif + smp_wmb(); + + text_poke(addr, &int3, sizeof(int3)); + + on_each_cpu(do_sync_core, NULL, 1); + + if (len - sizeof(int3) > 0) { + /* patch all but the first byte */ + text_poke((char *)addr + sizeof(int3), + (const char *) opcode + sizeof(int3), + len - sizeof(int3)); + /* + * According to Intel, this core syncing is very likely + * not necessary and we'd be safe even without it. But + * better safe than sorry (plus there's not only Intel). + */ + on_each_cpu(do_sync_core, NULL, 1); + } + + /* patch the first byte */ + text_poke(addr, opcode, sizeof(int3)); + + on_each_cpu(do_sync_core, NULL, 1); + + bp_patching_in_progress = false; + smp_wmb(); + + return addr; } -#endif + |
