path: root/src/embind/embind.js

/*global Module, asm*/
/*global _malloc, _free, _memcpy*/
/*global FUNCTION_TABLE, HEAP8, HEAPU8, HEAP16, HEAPU16, HEAP32, HEAPU32, HEAPF32, HEAPF64*/
/*global readLatin1String*/
/*global __emval_register, _emval_handle_array, __emval_decref*/
/*global ___getTypeName*/
/*global requireHandle*/
/*jslint sub:true*/ /* The symbols 'fromWireType' and 'toWireType' must be accessed via array notation to be closure-safe since craftInvokerFunction crafts functions as strings that can't be closured. */
var InternalError = Module['InternalError'] = extendError(Error, 'InternalError');
var BindingError = Module['BindingError'] = extendError(Error, 'BindingError');
var UnboundTypeError = Module['UnboundTypeError'] = extendError(BindingError, 'UnboundTypeError');
var PureVirtualError = Module['PureVirtualError'] = extendError(BindingError, 'PureVirtualError');

function throwInternalError(message) {
    throw new InternalError(message);
}

function throwBindingError(message) {
    throw new BindingError(message);
}

function throwUnboundTypeError(message, types) {
    var unboundTypes = [];
    var seen = {};
    function visit(type) {
        if (seen[type]) {
            return;
        }
        if (registeredTypes[type]) {
            return;
        }
        if (typeDependencies[type]) {
            typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);
            return;
        }
        unboundTypes.push(type);
        seen[type] = true;
    }
    types.forEach(visit);

    throw new UnboundTypeError(message + ': ' + unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([', ']));
}

// Creates a function overload resolution table to the given method 'methodName' in the given prototype,
// if the overload table doesn't yet exist.
function ensureOverloadTable(proto, methodName, humanName) {
    if (undefined === proto[methodName].overloadTable) {
        var prevFunc = proto[methodName];
        // Inject an overload resolver function that routes to the appropriate overload based on the number of arguments.
        proto[methodName] = function() {
            // TODO This check can be removed in -O3 level "unsafe" optimizations.
            if (!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(arguments.length)) {
                throwBindingError("Function '" + humanName + "' called with an invalid number of arguments (" + arguments.length + ") - expects one of (" + proto[methodName].overloadTable + ")!");
            }
            return proto[methodName].overloadTable[arguments.length].apply(this, arguments);
        };
        // Move the previous function into the overload table.
        proto[methodName].overloadTable = [];
        proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount] = prevFunc;
    }
}

/* Registers a symbol (function, class, enum, ...) as part of the Module JS object so that
   hand-written code is able to access that symbol via 'Module.name'.
   name: The name of the symbol that's being exposed.
   value: The object itself to expose (function, class, ...)
   numArguments: For functions, specifies the number of arguments the function takes in. For other types, unused and undefined.

   To implement support for multiple overloads of a function, an 'overload selector' function is used. That selector function chooses
   the appropriate overload to call from an function overload table. This selector function is only used if multiple overloads are
   actually registered, since it carries a slight performance penalty. */
function exposePublicSymbol(name, value, numArguments) {
    if (Module.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        if (undefined === numArguments || (undefined !== Module[name].overloadTable && undefined !== Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments])) {
            throwBindingError("Cannot register public name '" + name + "' twice");
        }

        // We are exposing a function with the same name as an existing function. Create an overload table and a function selector
        // that routes between the two.
        ensureOverloadTable(Module, name, name);
        if (Module.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)) {
            throwBindingError("Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (" + numArguments + ")!");
        }
        // Add the new function into the overload table.
        Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments] = value;
    }
    else {
        Module[name] = value;
        if (undefined !== numArguments) {
            Module[name].numArguments = numArguments;
        }
    }
}

function replacePublicSymbol(name, value, numArguments) {
    if (!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        throwInternalError('Replacing nonexistant public symbol');
    }
    // If there's an overload table for this symbol, replace the symbol in the overload table instead.
    if (undefined !== Module[name].overloadTable && undefined !== numArguments) {
        Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments] = value;
    }
    else {
        Module[name] = value;
    }
}

// from https://github.com/imvu/imvujs/blob/master/src/error.js
function extendError(baseErrorType, errorName) {
    var errorClass = createNamedFunction(errorName, function(message) {
        this.name = errorName;
        this.message = message;

        var stack = (new Error(message)).stack;
        if (stack !== undefined) {
            this.stack = this.toString() + '\n' +
                stack.replace(/^Error(:[^\n]*)?\n/, '');
        }
    });
    errorClass.prototype = Object.create(baseErrorType.prototype);
    errorClass.prototype.constructor = errorClass;
    errorClass.prototype.toString = function() {
        if (this.message === undefined) {
            return this.name;
        } else {
            return this.name + ': ' + this.message;
        }
    };

    return errorClass;
}


// from https://github.com/imvu/imvujs/blob/master/src/function.js
function createNamedFunction(name, body) {
    name = makeLegalFunctionName(name);
    /*jshint evil:true*/
    return new Function(
        "body",
        "return function " + name + "() {\n" +
        "    \"use strict\";" +
        "    return body.apply(this, arguments);\n" +
        "};\n"
    )(body);
}

function _embind_repr(v) {
    var t = typeof v;
    if (t === 'object' || t === 'array' || t === 'function') {
        return v.toString();
    } else {
        return '' + v;
    }
}

// raw pointer -> instance
var registeredInstances = {};

function getBasestPointer(class_, ptr) {
    if (ptr === undefined) {
        throwBindingError('ptr should not be undefined');
    }
    while (class_.baseClass) {
        ptr = class_.upcast(ptr);
        class_ = class_.baseClass;
    }
    return ptr;
}

function registerInheritedInstance(class_, ptr, instance) {
    ptr = getBasestPointer(class_, ptr);
    if (registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)) {
        throwBindingError('Tried to register registered instance: ' + ptr);
    } else {
        registeredInstances[ptr] = instance;
    }
}

function unregisterInheritedInstance(class_, ptr) {
    ptr = getBasestPointer(class_, ptr);
    if (registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)) {
        delete registeredInstances[ptr];
    } else {
        throwBindingError('Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ' + ptr);
    }
}

function getInheritedInstance(class_, ptr) {
    ptr = getBasestPointer(class_, ptr);
    return registeredInstances[ptr];
}

function getInheritedInstanceCount() {
    return Object.keys(registeredInstances).length;
}
Module['getInheritedInstanceCount'] = getInheritedInstanceCount;

function getLiveInheritedInstances() {
    var rv = [];
    for (var k in registeredInstances) {
        if (registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
            rv.push(registeredInstances[k]);
        }
    }
    return rv;
}
Module['getLiveInheritedInstances'] = getLiveInheritedInstances;

// typeID -> { toWireType: ..., fromWireType: ... }
var registeredTypes = {};

// typeID -> [callback]
var awaitingDependencies = {};

// typeID -> [dependentTypes]
var typeDependencies = {};

// class typeID -> {pointerType: ..., constPointerType: ...}
var registeredPointers = {};

function registerType(rawType, registeredInstance) {
    if (!('argPackAdvance' in registeredInstance)) {
        throw new TypeError('registerType registeredInstance requires argPackAdvance');
    }

    var name = registeredInstance.name;
    if (!rawType) {
        throwBindingError('type "' + name + '" must have a positive integer typeid pointer');
    }
    if (registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)) {
        throwBindingError("Cannot register type '" + name + "' twice");
    }

    registeredTypes[rawType] = registeredInstance;
    delete typeDependencies[rawType];

    if (awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)) {
        var callbacks = awaitingDependencies[rawType];
        delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];
        callbacks.forEach(function(cb) {
            cb();
        });
    }
}

function whenDependentTypesAreResolved(myTypes, dependentTypes, getTypeConverters) {
    myTypes.forEach(function(type) {
        typeDependencies[type] = dependentTypes;
    });

    function onComplete(typeConverters) {
        var myTypeConverters = getTypeConverters(typeConverters);
        if (myTypeConverters.length !== myTypes.length) {
            throwInternalError('Mismatched type converter count');
        }
        for (var i = 0; i < myTypes.length; ++i) {
            registerType(myTypes[i], myTypeConverters[i]);
        }
    }

    var typeConverters = new Array(dependentTypes.length);
    var unregisteredTypes = [];
    var registered = 0;
    dependentTypes.forEach(function(dt, i) {
        if (registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)) {
            typeConverters[i] = registeredTypes[dt];
        } else {
            unregisteredTypes.push(dt);
            if (!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)) {
                awaitingDependencies[dt] = [];
            }
            awaitingDependencies[dt].push(function() {
                typeConverters[i] = registeredTypes[dt];
                ++registered;
                if (registered === unregisteredTypes.length) {
                    onComplete(typeConverters);
                }
            });
        }
    });
    if (0 === unregisteredTypes.length) {
        onComplete(typeConverters);
    }
}

var __charCodes = (function() {
    var codes = new Array(256);
    for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
        codes[i] = String.fromCharCode(i);
    }
    return codes;
})();

function readLatin1String(ptr) {
    var ret = "";
    var c = ptr;
    while (HEAPU8[c]) {
        ret += __charCodes[HEAPU8[c++]];
    }
    return ret;
}

function getTypeName(type) {
    var ptr = ___getTypeName(type);
    var rv = readLatin1String(ptr);
    _free(ptr);
    return rv;
}

function heap32VectorToArray(count, firstElement) {
    var array = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        array.push(HEAP32[(firstElement >> 2) + i]);
    }
    return array;
}

function requireRegisteredType(rawType, humanName) {
    var impl = registeredTypes[rawType];
    if (undefined === impl) {
        throwBindingError(humanName + " has unknown type " + getTypeName(rawType));
    }
    return impl;
}

function __embind_register_void(rawType, name) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'argPackAdvance': 0,
        'fromWireType': function() {
            return undefined;
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, o) {
            // TODO: assert if anything else is given?
            return undefined;
        },
    });
}

function __embind_register_bool(rawType, name, size, trueValue, falseValue) {
    var shift = getShiftFromSize(size);

    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(wt) {
            // ambiguous emscripten ABI: sometimes return values are
            // true or false, and sometimes integers (0 or 1)
            return !!wt;
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, o) {
            return o ? trueValue : falseValue;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': function(pointer) {
            // TODO: if heap is fixed (like in asm.js) this could be executed outside
            var heap;
            if (size === 1) {
                heap = HEAP8;
            } else if (size === 2) {
                heap = HEAP16;
            } else if (size === 4) {
                heap = HEAP32;
            } else {
                throw new TypeError("Unknown boolean type size: " + name);
            }
            return this['fromWireType'](heap[pointer >> shift]);
        },
        destructorFunction: null, // This type does not need a destructor
    });
}

function getShiftFromSize(size) {
    switch (size) {
        case 1: return 0;
        case 2: return 1;
        case 4: return 2;
        case 8: return 3;
        default:
            throw new TypeError('Unknown type size: ' + size);
    }
}

function integerReadValueFromPointer(name, shift, signed) {
    switch (shift) {
        case 0: return function(pointer) {
            var heap = signed ? HEAP8 : HEAPU8;
            return this['fromWireType'](heap[pointer]);
        };
        case 1: return function(pointer) {
            var heap = signed ? HEAP16 : HEAPU16;
            return this['fromWireType'](heap[pointer >> 1]);
        };
        case 2: return function(pointer) {
            var heap = signed ? HEAP32 : HEAPU32;
            return this['fromWireType'](heap[pointer >> 2]);
        };
        default:
            throw new TypeError("Unknown integer type: " + name);
    }
}

function floatReadValueFromPointer(name, shift) {
    switch (shift) {
        case 2: return function(pointer) {
            return this['fromWireType'](HEAPF32[pointer >> 2]);
        };
        case 3: return function(pointer) {
            return this['fromWireType'](HEAPF64[pointer >> 3]);
        };
        default:
            throw new TypeError("Unknown float type: " + name);
    }
}

// When converting a number from JS to C++ side, the valid range of the number is
// [minRange, maxRange], inclusive.
function __embind_register_integer(primitiveType, name, size, minRange, maxRange) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    if (maxRange === -1) { // LLVM doesn't have signed and unsigned 32-bit types, so u32 literals come out as 'i32 -1'. Always treat those as max u32.
        maxRange = 4294967295;
    }

    var shift = getShiftFromSize(size);

    registerType(primitiveType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(value) {
            return value;
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, value) {
            // todo: Here we have an opportunity for -O3 level "unsafe" optimizations: we could
            // avoid the following two if()s and assume value is of proper type.
            if (typeof value !== "number" && typeof value !== "boolean") {
                throw new TypeError('Cannot convert "' + _embind_repr(value) + '" to ' + this.name);
            }
            if (value < minRange || value > maxRange) {
                throw new TypeError('Passing a number "' + _embind_repr(value) + '" from JS side to C/C++ side to an argument of type "' + name + '", which is outside the valid range [' + minRange + ', ' + maxRange + ']!');
            }
            return value | 0;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': integerReadValueFromPointer(name, shift, minRange !== 0),
        destructorFunction: null, // This type does not need a destructor
    });
}



function __embind_register_float(rawType, name, size) {
    var shift = getShiftFromSize(size);
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(value) {
            return value;
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, value) {
            // todo: Here we have an opportunity for -O3 level "unsafe" optimizations: we could
            // avoid the following if() and assume value is of proper type.
            if (typeof value !== "number" && typeof value !== "boolean") {
                throw new TypeError('Cannot convert "' + _embind_repr(value) + '" to ' + this.name);
            }
            return value;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': floatReadValueFromPointer(name, shift),
        destructorFunction: null, // This type does not need a destructor
    });
}

// For types whose wire types are 32-bit pointers.
function simpleReadValueFromPointer(pointer) {
    return this['fromWireType'](HEAPU32[pointer >> 2]);
}

function __embind_register_std_string(rawType, name) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(value) {
            var length = HEAPU32[value >> 2];
            var a = new Array(length);
            for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                a[i] = String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[value + 4 + i]);
            }
            _free(value);
            return a.join('');
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, value) {
            if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
                value = new Uint8Array(value);
            }

            function getTAElement(ta, index) {
                return ta[index];
            }
            function getStringElement(string, index) {
                return string.charCodeAt(index);
            }
            var getElement;
            if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
                getElement = getTAElement;
            } else if (value instanceof Int8Array) {
                getElement = getTAElement;
            } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
                getElement = getStringElement;
            } else {
                throwBindingError('Cannot pass non-string to std::string');
            }

            // assumes 4-byte alignment
            var length = value.length;
            var ptr = _malloc(4 + length);
            HEAPU32[ptr >> 2] = length;
            for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                var charCode = getElement(value, i);
                if (charCode > 255) {
                    _free(ptr);
                    throwBindingError('String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits');
                }
                HEAPU8[ptr + 4 + i] = charCode;
            }
            if (destructors !== null) {
                destructors.push(_free, ptr);
            }
            return ptr;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': simpleReadValueFromPointer,
        destructorFunction: function(ptr) { _free(ptr); },
    });
}

function __embind_register_std_wstring(rawType, charSize, name) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    var HEAP, shift;
    if (charSize === 2) {
        HEAP = HEAPU16;
        shift = 1;
    } else if (charSize === 4) {
        HEAP = HEAPU32;
        shift = 2;
    }
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(value) {
            var length = HEAPU32[value >> 2];
            var a = new Array(length);
            var start = (value + 4) >> shift;
            for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                a[i] = String.fromCharCode(HEAP[start + i]);
            }
            _free(value);
            return a.join('');
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, value) {
            // assumes 4-byte alignment
            var length = value.length;
            var ptr = _malloc(4 + length * charSize);
            HEAPU32[ptr >> 2] = length;
            var start = (ptr + 4) >> shift;
            for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                HEAP[start + i] = value.charCodeAt(i);
            }
            if (destructors !== null) {
                destructors.push(_free, ptr);
            }
            return ptr;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': simpleReadValueFromPointer,
        destructorFunction: function(ptr) { _free(ptr); },
    });
}

function __embind_register_emval(rawType, name) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(handle) {
            var rv = _emval_handle_array[handle].value;
            __emval_decref(handle);
            return rv;
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, value) {
            return __emval_register(value);
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': simpleReadValueFromPointer,
        destructorFunction: null, // This type does not need a destructor

        // TODO: do we need a deleteObject here?  write a test where
        // emval is passed into JS via an interface
    });
}

function __embind_register_memory_view(rawType, name) {
    var typeMapping = [
        Int8Array,
        Uint8Array,
        Int16Array,
        Uint16Array,
        Int32Array,
        Uint32Array,
        Float32Array,
        Float64Array,
    ];

    name = readLatin1String(name);
    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        'fromWireType': function(handle) {
            var type = HEAPU32[handle >> 2];
            var size = HEAPU32[(handle >> 2) + 1]; // in elements
            var data = HEAPU32[(handle >> 2) + 2]; // byte offset into emscripten heap
            var TA = typeMapping[type];
            return new TA(HEAP8.buffer, data, size);
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 16,
        'readValueFromPointer': function(ptr) {
            return this['fromWireType'](ptr);
        },
    });
}

function runDestructors(destructors) {
    while (destructors.length) {
        var ptr = destructors.pop();
        var del = destructors.pop();
        del(ptr);
    }
}

// Function implementation of operator new, per
// http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-262.pdf
// 13.2.2
// ES3
function new_(constructor, argumentList) {
    if (!(constructor instanceof Function)) {
        throw new TypeError('new_ called with constructor type ' + typeof(constructor) + " which is not a function");
    }

    /*
     * Previously, the following line was just:

     function dummy() {};

     * Unfortunately, Chrome was preserving 'dummy' as the object's name, even though at creation, the 'dummy' has the
     * correct constructor name.  Thus, objects created with IMVU.new would show up in the debugger as 'dummy', which
     * isn't very helpful.  Using IMVU.createNamedFunction addresses the issue.  Doublely-unfortunately, there's no way
     * to write a test for this behavior.  -NRD 2013.02.22
     */
    var dummy = createNamedFunction(constructor.name, function(){});
    dummy.prototype = constructor.prototype;
    var obj = new dummy;

    var r = constructor.apply(obj, argumentList);
    return (r instanceof Object) ? r : obj;
}

// The path to interop from JS code to C++ code:
// (hand-written JS code) -> (autogenerated JS invoker) -> (template-generated C++ invoker) -> (target C++ function)
// craftInvokerFunction generates the JS invoker function for each function exposed to JS through embind.
function craftInvokerFunction(humanName, argTypes, classType, cppInvokerFunc, cppTargetFunc) {
    // humanName: a human-readable string name for the function to be generated.
    // argTypes: An array that contains the embind type objects for all types in the function signature.
    //    argTypes[0] is the type object for the function return value.
    //    argTypes[1] is the type object for function this object/class type, or null if not crafting an invoker for a class method.
    //    argTypes[2...] are the actual function parameters.
    // classType: The embind type object for the class to be bound, or null if this is not a method of a class.
    // cppInvokerFunc: JS Function object to the C++-side function that interops into C++ code.
    // cppTargetFunc: Function pointer (an integer to FUNCTION_TABLE) to the target C++ function the cppInvokerFunc will end up calling.
    var argCount = argTypes.length;

    if (argCount < 2) {
        throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!");
    }

    var isClassMethodFunc = (argTypes[1] !== null && classType !== null);

    // Free functions with signature "void function()" do not need an invoker that marshalls between wire types.
// TODO: This omits argument count check - enable only at -O3 or similar.
//    if (ENABLE_UNSAFE_OPTS && argCount == 2 && argTypes[0].name == "void" && !isClassMethodFunc) {
//       return FUNCTION_TABLE[fn];
//    }

    var argsList = "";
    var argsListWired = "";
    for(var i = 0; i < argCount - 2; ++i) {
        argsList += (i!==0?", ":"")+"arg"+i;
        argsListWired += (i!==0?", ":"")+"arg"+i+"Wired";
    }

    var invokerFnBody =
        "return function "+makeLegalFunctionName(humanName)+"("+argsList+") {\n" +
        "if (arguments.length !== "+(argCount - 2)+") {\n" +
            "throwBindingError('function "+humanName+" called with ' + arguments.length + ' arguments, expected "+(argCount - 2)+" args!');\n" +
        "}\n";

    // Determine if we need to use a dynamic stack to store the destructors for the function parameters.
    // TODO: Remove this completely once all function invokers are being dynamically generated.
    var needsDestructorStack = false;

    for(var i = 1; i < argTypes.length; ++i) { // Skip return value at index 0 - it's not deleted here.
        if (argTypes[i] !== null && argTypes[i].destructorFunction === undefined) { // The type does not define a destructor function - must use dynamic stack
            needsDestructorStack = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (needsDestructorStack) {
        invokerFnBody +=
            "var destructors = [];\n";
    }

    var dtorStack = needsDestructorStack ? "destructors" : "null";
    var args1 = ["throwBindingError", "invoker", "fn", "runDestructors", "retType", "classParam"];
    var args2 = [throwBindingError, cppInvokerFunc, cppTargetFunc, runDestructors, argTypes[0], argTypes[1]];

    if (isClassMethodFunc) {
        invokerFnBody += "var thisWired = classParam.toWireType("+dtorStack+", this);\n";
    }

    for(var i = 0; i < argCount - 2; ++i) {
        invokerFnBody += "var arg"+i+"Wired = argType"+i+".toWireType("+dtorStack+", arg"+i+"); // "+argTypes[i+2].name+"\n";
        args1.push("argType"+i);
        args2.push(argTypes[i+2]);
    }

    if (isClassMethodFunc) {
        argsListWired = "thisWired" + (argsListWired.length > 0 ? ", " : "") + argsListWired;
    }

    var returns = (argTypes[0].name !== "void");

    invokerFnBody +=
        (returns?"var rv = ":"") + "invoker(fn"+(argsListWired.length>0?", ":"")+argsListWired+");\n";

    if (needsDestructorStack) {
        invokerFnBody += "runDestructors(destructors);\n";
    } else {
        for(var i = isClassMethodFunc?1:2; i < argTypes.length; ++i) { // Skip return value at index 0 - it's not deleted here. Also skip class type if not a method.
            var paramName = (i === 1 ? "thisWired" : ("arg"+(i - 2)+"Wired"));
            if (argTypes[i].destructorFunction !== null) {
                invokerFnBody += paramName+"_dtor("+paramName+"); // "+argTypes[i].name+"\n";
                args1.push(paramName+"_dtor");
                args2.push(argTypes[i].destructorFunction);
            }
        }
    }

    if (returns) {
        invokerFnBody += "return retType.fromWireType(rv);\n";
    }
    invokerFnBody += "}\n";

    args1.push(invokerFnBody);

    var invokerFunction = new_(Function, args1).apply(null, args2);
    return invokerFunction;
}

function requireFunction(signature, rawFunction) {
    signature = readLatin1String(signature);
    var fp;
    // asm.js does not define FUNCTION_TABLE
    if (typeof FUNCTION_TABLE === "undefined") {
        // asm.js does not give direct access to the function tables,
        // and thus we must go through the dynCall interface which allows
        // calling into a signature's function table by pointer value.
        //
        // https://github.com/dherman/asm.js/issues/83
        //
        // This has three main penalties:
        // - dynCall is another function call in the path from JavaScript to C++.
        // - JITs may not predict through the function table indirection at runtime.
        // - Function.prototype.bind generally benchmarks poorly relative to
        //   function objects, but using 'arguments' would confound JITs and
        //   possibly allocate.
        var dc = asm['dynCall_' + signature];
        if (dc === undefined) {
            // We will always enter this branch if the signature
            // contains 'f' and PRECISE_F32 is not enabled.
            //
            // Try again, replacing 'f' with 'd'.
            dc = asm['dynCall_' + signature.replace(/f/g, 'd')];
            if (dc === undefined) {
                throwBindingError("No dynCall invoker for signature: " + signature);
            }
        }
        fp = dc.bind(undefined, rawFunction);
    } else {
        fp = FUNCTION_TABLE[rawFunction];
    }

    if (typeof fp !== "function") {
        throwBindingError("unknown function pointer with signature " + signature + ": " + rawFunction);
    }
    return fp;
}

function __embind_register_function(name, argCount, rawArgTypesAddr, signature, rawInvoker, fn) {
    var argTypes = heap32VectorToArray(argCount, rawArgTypesAddr);
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    
    rawInvoker = requireFunction(signature, rawInvoker);

    exposePublicSymbol(name, function() {
        throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot call ' + name + ' due to unbound types', argTypes);
    }, argCount - 1);

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], argTypes, function(argTypes) {
        var invokerArgsArray = [argTypes[0] /* return value */, null /* no class 'this'*/].concat(argTypes.slice(1) /* actual params */);
        replacePublicSymbol(name, craftInvokerFunction(name, invokerArgsArray, null /* no class 'this'*/, rawInvoker, fn), argCount - 1);
        return [];
    });
}

var tupleRegistrations = {};

function __embind_register_value_array(rawType, name, constructorSignature, rawConstructor, destructorSignature, rawDestructor) {
    tupleRegistrations[rawType] = {
        name: readLatin1String(name),
        rawConstructor: requireFunction(constructorSignature, rawConstructor),
        rawDestructor: requireFunction(destructorSignature, rawDestructor),
        elements: [],
    };
}

function __embind_register_value_array_element(
    rawTupleType,
    getterReturnType,
    getterSignature,
    getter,
    getterContext,
    setterArgumentType,
    setterSignature,
    setter,
    setterContext
) {
    tupleRegistrations[rawTupleType].elements.push({
        getterReturnType: getterReturnType,
        getter: requireFunction(getterSignature, getter),
        getterContext: getterContext,
        setterArgumentType: setterArgumentType,
        setter: requireFunction(setterSignature, setter),
        setterContext: setterContext,
    });
}

function __embind_finalize_value_array(rawTupleType) {
    var reg = tupleRegistrations[rawTupleType];
    delete tupleRegistrations[rawTupleType];
    var elements = reg.elements;
    var elementsLength = elements.length;
    var elementTypes = elements.map(function(elt) { return elt.getterReturnType; }).
                concat(elements.map(function(elt) { return elt.setterArgumentType; }));

    var rawConstructor = reg.rawConstructor;
    var rawDestructor = reg.rawDestructor;

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawTupleType], elementTypes, function(elementTypes) {
        elements.forEach(function(elt, i) {
            var getterReturnType = elementTypes[i];
            var getter = elt.getter;
            var getterContext = elt.getterContext;
            var setterArgumentType = elementTypes[i + elementsLength];
            var setter = elt.setter;
            var setterContext = elt.setterContext;
            elt.read = function(ptr) {
                return getterReturnType['fromWireType'](getter(getterContext, ptr));
            };
            elt.write = function(ptr, o) {
                var destructors = [];
                setter(setterContext, ptr, setterArgumentType['toWireType'](destructors, o));
                runDestructors(destructors);
            };
        });

        return [{
            name: reg.name,
            'fromWireType': function(ptr) {
                var rv = new Array(elementsLength);
                for (var i = 0; i < elementsLength; ++i) {
                    rv[i] = elements[i].read(ptr);
                }
                rawDestructor(ptr);
                return rv;
            },
            'toWireType': function(destructors, o) {
                if (elementsLength !== o.length) {
                    throw new TypeError("Incorrect number of tuple elements for " + reg.name + ": expected=" + elementsLength + ", actual=" + o.length);
                }
                var ptr = rawConstructor();
                for (var i = 0; i < elementsLength; ++i) {
                    elements[i].write(ptr, o[i]);
                }
                if (destructors !== null) {
                    destructors.push(rawDestructor, ptr);
                }
                return ptr;
            },
            'argPackAdvance': 8,
            'readValueFromPointer': simpleReadValueFromPointer,
            destructorFunction: rawDestructor,
        }];
    });
}

var structRegistrations = {};

function __embind_register_value_object(
    rawType,
    name,
    constructorSignature,
    rawConstructor,
    destructorSignature,
    rawDestructor
) {
    structRegistrations[rawType] = {
        name: readLatin1String(name),
        rawConstructor: requireFunction(constructorSignature, rawConstructor),
        rawDestructor: requireFunction(destructorSignature, rawDestructor),
        fields: [],
    };
}

function __embind_register_value_object_field(
    structType,
    fieldName,
    getterReturnType,
    getterSignature,
    getter,
    getterContext,
    setterArgumentType,
    setterSignature,
    setter,
    setterContext
) {
    structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({
        fieldName: readLatin1String(fieldName),
        getterReturnType: getterReturnType,
        getter: requireFunction(getterSignature, getter),
        getterContext: getterContext,
        setterArgumentType: setterArgumentType,
        setter: requireFunction(setterSignature, setter),
        setterContext: setterContext,
    });
}

function __embind_finalize_value_object(structType) {
    var reg = structRegistrations[structType];
    delete structRegistrations[structType];

    var rawConstructor = reg.rawConstructor;
    var rawDestructor = reg.rawDestructor;
    var fieldRecords = reg.fields;
    var fieldTypes = fieldRecords.map(function(field) { return field.getterReturnType; }).
              concat(fieldRecords.map(function(field) { return field.setterArgumentType; }));
    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType], fieldTypes, function(fieldTypes) {
        var fields = {};
        fieldRecords.forEach(function(field, i) {
            var fieldName = field.fieldName;
            var getterReturnType = fieldTypes[i];
            var getter = field.getter;
            var getterContext = field.getterContext;
            var setterArgumentType = fieldTypes[i + fieldRecords.length];
            var setter = field.setter;
            var setterContext = field.setterContext;
            fields[fieldName] = {
                read: function(ptr) {
                    return getterReturnType['fromWireType'](
                        getter(getterContext, ptr));
                },
                write: function(ptr, o) {
                    var destructors = [];
                    setter(setterContext, ptr, setterArgumentType['toWireType'](destructors, o));
                    runDestructors(destructors);
                }
            };
        });

        return [{
            name: reg.name,
            'fromWireType': function(ptr) {
                var rv = {};
                for (var i in fields) {
                    rv[i] = fields[i].read(ptr);
                }
                rawDestructor(ptr);
                return rv;
            },
            'toWireType': function(destructors, o) {
                // todo: Here we have an opportunity for -O3 level "unsafe" optimizations:
                // assume all fields are present without checking.
                for (var fieldName in fields) {
                    if (!(fieldName in o)) {
                        throw new TypeError('Missing field');
                    }
                }
                var ptr = rawConstructor();
                for (fieldName in fields) {
                    fields[fieldName].write(ptr, o[fieldName]);
                }
                if (destructors !== null) {
                    destructors.push(rawDestructor, ptr);
                }
                return ptr;
            },
            'argPackAdvance': 8,
            'readValueFromPointer': simpleReadValueFromPointer,
            destructorFunction: rawDestructor,
        }];
    });
}

var genericPointerToWireType = function(destructors, handle) {
    if (handle === null) {
        if (this.isReference) {
            throwBindingError('null is not a valid ' + this.name);
        }

        if (this.isSmartPointer) {
            var ptr = this.rawConstructor();
            if (destructors !== null) {
                destructors.push(this.rawDestructor, ptr);
            }
            return ptr;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    if (!handle.$$) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass "' + _embind_repr(handle) + '" as a ' + this.name);
    }
    if (!handle.$$.ptr) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ' + this.name);
    }
    if (!this.isConst && handle.$$.ptrType.isConst) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot convert argument of type ' + (handle.$$.smartPtrType ? handle.$$.smartPtrType.name : handle.$$.ptrType.name) + ' to parameter type ' + this.name);
    }
    var handleClass = handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;
    var ptr = upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr, handleClass, this.registeredClass);

    if (this.isSmartPointer) {
        // TODO: this is not strictly true
        // We could support BY_EMVAL conversions from raw pointers to smart pointers
        // because the smart pointer can hold a reference to the handle
        if (undefined === handle.$$.smartPtr) {
            throwBindingError('Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal');
        }

        switch (this.sharingPolicy) {
            case 0: // NONE
                // no upcasting
                if (handle.$$.smartPtrType === this) {
                    ptr = handle.$$.smartPtr;
                } else {
                    throwBindingError('Cannot convert argument of type ' + (handle.$$.smartPtrType ? handle.$$.smartPtrType.name : handle.$$.ptrType.name) + ' to parameter type ' + this.name);
                }
                break;

            case 1: // INTRUSIVE
                ptr = handle.$$.smartPtr;
                break;

            case 2: // BY_EMVAL
                if (handle.$$.smartPtrType === this) {
                    ptr = handle.$$.smartPtr;
                } else {
                    var clonedHandle = handle['clone']();
                    ptr = this.rawShare(
                        ptr,
                        __emval_register(function() {
                            clonedHandle['delete']();
                        })
                    );
                    if (destructors !== null) {
                        destructors.push(this.rawDestructor, ptr);
                    }
                }
                break;

            default:
                throwBindingError('Unsupporting sharing policy');
        }
    }
    return ptr;
};

// If we know a pointer type is not going to have SmartPtr logic in it, we can
// special-case optimize it a bit (compare to genericPointerToWireType)
var constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType = function(destructors, handle) {
    if (handle === null) {
        if (this.isReference) {
            throwBindingError('null is not a valid ' + this.name);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    if (!handle.$$) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass "' + _embind_repr(handle) + '" as a ' + this.name);
    }
    if (!handle.$$.ptr) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ' + this.name);
    }
    var handleClass = handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;
    var ptr = upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr, handleClass, this.registeredClass);
    return ptr;
};

// An optimized version for non-const method accesses - there we must additionally restrict that
// the pointer is not a const-pointer.
var nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType = function(destructors, handle) {
    if (handle === null) {
        if (this.isReference) {
            throwBindingError('null is not a valid ' + this.name);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    if (!handle.$$) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass "' + _embind_repr(handle) + '" as a ' + this.name);
    }
    if (!handle.$$.ptr) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ' + this.name);
    }
    if (handle.$$.ptrType.isConst) {
        throwBindingError('Cannot convert argument of type ' + handle.$$.ptrType.name + ' to parameter type ' + this.name);
    }
    var handleClass = handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;
    var ptr = upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr, handleClass, this.registeredClass);
    return ptr;
};

function RegisteredPointer(
    name,
    registeredClass,
    isReference,
    isConst,

    // smart pointer properties
    isSmartPointer,
    pointeeType,
    sharingPolicy,
    rawGetPointee,
    rawConstructor,
    rawShare,
    rawDestructor
) {
    this.name = name;
    this.registeredClass = registeredClass;
    this.isReference = isReference;
    this.isConst = isConst;

    // smart pointer properties
    this.isSmartPointer = isSmartPointer;
    this.pointeeType = pointeeType;
    this.sharingPolicy = sharingPolicy;
    this.rawGetPointee = rawGetPointee;
    this.rawConstructor = rawConstructor;
    this.rawShare = rawShare;
    this.rawDestructor = rawDestructor;

    if (!isSmartPointer && registeredClass.baseClass === undefined) {
        if (isConst) {
            this['toWireType'] = constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;
            this.destructorFunction = null;
        } else {
            this['toWireType'] = nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;
            this.destructorFunction = null;
        }
    } else {
        this['toWireType'] = genericPointerToWireType;
        // Here we must leave this.destructorFunction undefined, since whether genericPointerToWireType returns
        // a pointer that needs to be freed up is runtime-dependent, and cannot be evaluated at registration time.
        // TODO: Create an alternative mechanism that allows removing the use of var destructors = []; array in
        //       craftInvokerFunction altogether.
    }
}

RegisteredPointer.prototype.getPointee = function getPointee(ptr) {
    if (this.rawGetPointee) {
        ptr = this.rawGetPointee(ptr);
    }
    return ptr;
};

RegisteredPointer.prototype.destructor = function destructor(ptr) {
    if (this.rawDestructor) {
        this.rawDestructor(ptr);
    }
};

RegisteredPointer.prototype['argPackAdvance'] = 8;
RegisteredPointer.prototype['readValueFromPointer'] = simpleReadValueFromPointer;

RegisteredPointer.prototype['deleteObject'] = function deleteObject(handle) {
    if (handle !== null) {
        handle['delete']();
    }
};

RegisteredPointer.prototype['fromWireType'] = function fromWireType(ptr) {
    // ptr is a raw pointer (or a raw smartpointer)

    // rawPointer is a maybe-null raw pointer
    var rawPointer = this.getPointee(ptr);
    if (!rawPointer) {
        this.destructor(ptr);
        return null;
    }

    var registeredInstance = getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass, rawPointer);
    if (undefined !== registeredInstance) {
        // JS object has been neutered, time to repopulate it
        if (0 === registeredInstance.$$.count.value) {
            registeredInstance.$$.ptr = rawPointer;
            registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr = ptr;
            return registeredInstance['clone']();
        } else {
            // else, just increment reference count on existing object
            // it already has a reference to the smart pointer
            var rv = registeredInstance['clone']();
            this.destructor(ptr);
            return rv;
        }
    }

    function makeDefaultHandle() {
        if (this.isSmartPointer) {
            return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype, {
                ptrType: this.pointeeType,
                ptr: rawPointer,
                smartPtrType: this,
                smartPtr: ptr,
            });
        } else {
            return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype, {
                ptrType: this,
                ptr: ptr,
            });
        }
    }

    var actualType = this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);
    var registeredPointerRecord = registeredPointers[actualType];
    if (!registeredPointerRecord) {
        return makeDefaultHandle.call(this);
    }

    var toType;
    if (this.isConst) {
        toType = registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType;
    } else {
        toType = registeredPointerRecord.pointerType;
    }
    var dp = downcastPointer(
        rawPointer,
        this.registeredClass,
        toType.registeredClass);
    if (dp === null) {
        return makeDefaultHandle.call(this);
    }
    if (this.isSmartPointer) {
        return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype, {
            ptrType: toType,
            ptr: dp,
            smartPtrType: this,
            smartPtr: ptr,
        });
    } else {
        return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype, {
            ptrType: toType,
            ptr: dp,
        });
    }
};

function makeClassHandle(prototype, record) {
    if (!record.ptrType || !record.ptr) {
        throwInternalError('makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType');
    }
    var hasSmartPtrType = !!record.smartPtrType;
    var hasSmartPtr = !!record.smartPtr;
    if (hasSmartPtrType !== hasSmartPtr) {
        throwInternalError('Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified');
    }
    record.count = { value: 1 };
    return Object.create(prototype, {
        $$: {
            value: record,
        },
    });
}

// root of all pointer and smart pointer handles in embind
function ClassHandle() {
}

function getInstanceTypeName(handle) {
    return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name;
}

ClassHandle.prototype['isAliasOf'] = function isAliasOf(other) {
    if (!(this instanceof ClassHandle)) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!(other instanceof ClassHandle)) {
        return false;
    }

    var leftClass = this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;
    var left = this.$$.ptr;
    var rightClass = other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;
    var right = other.$$.ptr;

    while (leftClass.baseClass) {
        left = leftClass.upcast(left);
        leftClass = leftClass.baseClass;
    }

    while (rightClass.baseClass) {
        right = rightClass.upcast(right);
        rightClass = rightClass.baseClass;
    }

    return leftClass === rightClass && left === right;
};

function throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(obj) {
    throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj) + ' instance already deleted');
}

ClassHandle.prototype['clone'] = function clone() {
    if (!this.$$.ptr) {
        throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this);
    }

    if (this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete) {
        this.$$.count.value += 1;
        return this;
    } else {
        var clone = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this), {
            $$: {
                value: shallowCopy(this.$$),
            }
        });

        clone.$$.count.value += 1;
        return clone;
    }
};

function runDestructor(handle) {
    var $$ = handle.$$;
    if ($$.smartPtr) {
        $$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr);
    } else {
        $$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr);
    }
}

ClassHandle.prototype['delete'] = function ClassHandle_delete() {
    if (!this.$$.ptr) {
        throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this);
    }

    if (this.$$.deleteScheduled && !this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete) {
        throwBindingError('Object already scheduled for deletion');
    }

    this.$$.count.value -= 1;
    var toDelete = 0 === this.$$.count.value;
    if (toDelete) {
        runDestructor(this);
    }
    if (!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete) {
        this.$$.smartPtr = undefined;
        this.$$.ptr = undefined;
    }
};

var deletionQueue = [];

ClassHandle.prototype['isDeleted'] = function isDeleted() {
    return !this.$$.ptr;
};

ClassHandle.prototype['deleteLater'] = function deleteLater() {
    if (!this.$$.ptr) {
        throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this);
    }
    if (this.$$.deleteScheduled && !this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete) {
        throwBindingError('Object already scheduled for deletion');
    }
    deletionQueue.push(this);
    if (deletionQueue.length === 1 && delayFunction) {
        delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes);
    }
    this.$$.deleteScheduled = true;
    return this;
};

function flushPendingDeletes() {
    while (deletionQueue.length) {
        var obj = deletionQueue.pop();
        obj.$$.deleteScheduled = false;
        obj['delete']();
    }
}
Module['flushPendingDeletes'] = flushPendingDeletes;

var delayFunction;
Module['setDelayFunction'] = function setDelayFunction(fn) {
    delayFunction = fn;
    if (deletionQueue.length && delayFunction) {
        delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes);
    }
};

function RegisteredClass(
    name,
    constructor,
    instancePrototype,
    rawDestructor,
    baseClass,
    getActualType,
    upcast,
    downcast
) {
    this.name = name;
    this.constructor = constructor;
    this.instancePrototype = instancePrototype;
    this.rawDestructor = rawDestructor;
    this.baseClass = baseClass;
    this.getActualType = getActualType;
    this.upcast = upcast;
    this.downcast = downcast;
    this.pureVirtualFunctions = [];
}

function shallowCopy(o) {
    var rv = {};
    for (var k in o) {
        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o, k)) {
            rv[k] = o[k];
        }
    }
    return rv;
}

function __embind_register_class(
    rawType,
    rawPointerType,
    rawConstPointerType,
    baseClassRawType,
    getActualTypeSignature,
    getActualType,
    upcastSignature,
    upcast,
    downcastSignature,
    downcast,
    name,
    destructorSignature,
    rawDestructor
) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    getActualType = requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature, getActualType);
    if (upcast) {
        upcast = requireFunction(upcastSignature, upcast);
    }
    if (downcast) {
        downcast = requireFunction(downcastSignature, downcast);
    }
    rawDestructor = requireFunction(destructorSignature, rawDestructor);
    var legalFunctionName = makeLegalFunctionName(name);

    exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName, function() {
        // this code cannot run if baseClassRawType is zero
        throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot construct ' + name + ' due to unbound types', [baseClassRawType]);
    });

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved(
        [rawType, rawPointerType, rawConstPointerType],
        baseClassRawType ? [baseClassRawType] : [],
        function(base) {
            base = base[0];

            var baseClass;
            var basePrototype;
            if (baseClassRawType) {
                baseClass = base.registeredClass;
                basePrototype = baseClass.instancePrototype;
            } else {
                basePrototype = ClassHandle.prototype;
            }

            var constructor = createNamedFunction(legalFunctionName, function() {
                if (Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== instancePrototype) {
                    throw new BindingError("Use 'new' to construct " + name);
                }
                if (undefined === registeredClass.constructor_body) {
                    throw new BindingError(name + " has no accessible constructor");
                }
                var body = registeredClass.constructor_body[arguments.length];
                if (undefined === body) {
                    throw new BindingError("Tried to invoke ctor of " + name + " with invalid number of parameters (" + arguments.length + ") - expected (" + Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString() + ") parameters instead!");
                }
                return body.apply(this, arguments);
            });

            var instancePrototype = Object.create(basePrototype, {
                constructor: { value: constructor },
            });

            constructor.prototype = instancePrototype;

            var registeredClass = new RegisteredClass(
                name,
                constructor,
                instancePrototype,
                rawDestructor,
                baseClass,
                getActualType,
                upcast,
                downcast);

            var referenceConverter = new RegisteredPointer(
                name,
                registeredClass,
                true,
                false,
                false);

            var pointerConverter = new RegisteredPointer(
                name + '*',
                registeredClass,
                false,
                false,
                false);

            var constPointerConverter = new RegisteredPointer(
                name + ' const*',
                registeredClass,
                false,
                true,
                false);

            registeredPointers[rawType] = {
                pointerType: pointerConverter,
                constPointerType: constPointerConverter
            };

            replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName, constructor);

            return [referenceConverter, pointerConverter, constPointerConverter];
        }
    );
}

function __embind_register_class_constructor(
    rawClassType,
    argCount,
    rawArgTypesAddr,
    invokerSignature,
    invoker,
    rawConstructor
) {
    var rawArgTypes = heap32VectorToArray(argCount, rawArgTypesAddr);
    invoker = requireFunction(invokerSignature, invoker);

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], [rawClassType], function(classType) {
        classType = classType[0];
        var humanName = 'constructor ' + classType.name;

        if (undefined === classType.registeredClass.constructor_body) {
            classType.registeredClass.constructor_body = [];
        }
        if (undefined !== classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount - 1]) {
            throw new BindingError("Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (" + (argCount-1) + ") for class '" + classType.name + "'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!");
        }
        classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount - 1] = function unboundTypeHandler() {
            throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot construct ' + classType.name + ' due to unbound types', rawArgTypes);
        };

        whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], rawArgTypes, function(argTypes) {
            classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount - 1] = function constructor_body() {
                if (arguments.length !== argCount - 1) {
                    throwBindingError(humanName + ' called with ' + arguments.length + ' arguments, expected ' + (argCount-1));
                }
                var destructors = [];
                var args = new Array(argCount);
                args[0] = rawConstructor;
                for (var i = 1; i < argCount; ++i) {
                    args[i] = argTypes[i]['toWireType'](destructors, arguments[i - 1]);
                }

                var ptr = invoker.apply(null, args);
                runDestructors(destructors);

                return argTypes[0]['fromWireType'](ptr);
            };
            return [];
        });
        return [];
    });
}

function downcastPointer(ptr, ptrClass, desiredClass) {
    if (ptrClass === desiredClass) {
        return ptr;
    }
    if (undefined === desiredClass.baseClass) {
        return null; // no conversion
    }

    var rv = downcastPointer(ptr, ptrClass, desiredClass.baseClass);
    if (rv === null) {
        return null;
    }
    return desiredClass.downcast(rv);
}

function upcastPointer(ptr, ptrClass, desiredClass) {
    while (ptrClass !== desiredClass) {
        if (!ptrClass.upcast) {
            throwBindingError("Expected null or instance of " + desiredClass.name + ", got an instance of " + ptrClass.name);
        }
        ptr = ptrClass.upcast(ptr);
        ptrClass = ptrClass.baseClass;
    }
    return ptr;
}

function validateThis(this_, classType, humanName) {
    if (!(this_ instanceof Object)) {
        throwBindingError(humanName + ' with invalid "this": ' + this_);
    }
    if (!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)) {
        throwBindingError(humanName + ' incompatible with "this" of type ' + this_.constructor.name);
    }
    if (!this_.$$.ptr) {
        throwBindingError('cannot call emscripten binding method ' + humanName + ' on deleted object');
    }

    // todo: kill this
    return upcastPointer(
        this_.$$.ptr,
        this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,
        classType.registeredClass);
}

function __embind_register_class_function(
    rawClassType,
    methodName,
    argCount,
    rawArgTypesAddr, // [ReturnType, ThisType, Args...]
    invokerSignature,
    rawInvoker,
    context,
    isPureVirtual
) {
    var rawArgTypes = heap32VectorToArray(argCount, rawArgTypesAddr);
    methodName = readLatin1String(methodName);
    rawInvoker = requireFunction(invokerSignature, rawInvoker);

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], [rawClassType], function(classType) {
        classType = classType[0];
        var humanName = classType.name + '.' + methodName;

        if (isPureVirtual) {
            classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName);
        }

        function unboundTypesHandler() {
            throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot call ' + humanName + ' due to unbound types', rawArgTypes);
        }

        var proto = classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;
        var method = proto[methodName];
        if (undefined === method || (undefined === method.overloadTable && method.className !== classType.name && method.argCount === argCount - 2)) {
            // This is the first overload to be registered, OR we are replacing a function in the base class with a function in the derived class.
            unboundTypesHandler.argCount = argCount - 2;
            unboundTypesHandler.className = classType.name;
            proto[methodName] = unboundTypesHandler;
        } else {
            // There was an existing function with the same name registered. Set up a function overload routing table.
            ensureOverloadTable(proto, methodName, humanName);
            proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount - 2] = unboundTypesHandler;
        }

        whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], rawArgTypes, function(argTypes) {

            var memberFunction = craftInvokerFunction(humanName, argTypes, classType, rawInvoker, context);

            // Replace the initial unbound-handler-stub function with the appropriate member function, now that all types
            // are resolved. If multiple overloads are registered for this function, the function goes into an overload table.
            if (undefined === proto[methodName].overloadTable) {
                proto[methodName] = memberFunction;
            } else {
                proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount - 2] = memberFunction;
            }

            return [];
        });
        return [];
    });
}

function __embind_register_class_property(
    classType,
    fieldName,
    getterReturnType,
    getterSignature,
    getter,
    getterContext,
    setterArgumentType,
    setterSignature,
    setter,
    setterContext
) {
    fieldName = readLatin1String(fieldName);
    getter = requireFunction(getterSignature, getter);

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], [classType], function(classType) {
        classType = classType[0];
        var humanName = classType.name + '.' + fieldName;
        var desc = {
            get: function() {
                throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot access ' + humanName + ' due to unbound types', [getterReturnType, setterArgumentType]);
            },
            enumerable: true,
            configurable: true
        };
        if (setter) {
            desc.set = function() {
                throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot access ' + humanName + ' due to unbound types', [getterReturnType, setterArgumentType]);
            };
        } else {
            desc.set = function(v) {
                throwBindingError(humanName + ' is a read-only property');
            };
        }

        Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype, fieldName, desc);

        whenDependentTypesAreResolved(
            [],
            (setter ? [getterReturnType, setterArgumentType] : [getterReturnType]),
        function(types) {
            var getterReturnType = types[0];
            var desc = {
                get: function() {
                    var ptr = validateThis(this, classType, humanName + ' getter');
                    return getterReturnType['fromWireType'](getter(getterContext, ptr));
                },
                enumerable: true
            };

            if (setter) {
                setter = requireFunction(setterSignature, setter);
                var setterArgumentType = types[1];
                desc.set = function(v) {
                    var ptr = validateThis(this, classType, humanName + ' setter');
                    var destructors = [];
                    setter(setterContext, ptr, setterArgumentType['toWireType'](destructors, v));
                    runDestructors(destructors);
                };
            }

            Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype, fieldName, desc);
            return [];
        });

        return [];
    });
}

function __embind_register_class_class_function(
    rawClassType,
    methodName,
    argCount,
    rawArgTypesAddr,
    invokerSignature,
    rawInvoker,
    fn
) {
    var rawArgTypes = heap32VectorToArray(argCount, rawArgTypesAddr);
    methodName = readLatin1String(methodName);
    rawInvoker = requireFunction(invokerSignature, rawInvoker);
    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], [rawClassType], function(classType) {
        classType = classType[0];
        var humanName = classType.name + '.' + methodName;

        function unboundTypesHandler() {
            throwUnboundTypeError('Cannot call ' + humanName + ' due to unbound types', rawArgTypes);
        }

        var proto = classType.registeredClass.constructor;
        if (undefined === proto[methodName]) {
            // This is the first function to be registered with this name.
            unboundTypesHandler.argCount = argCount-1;
            proto[methodName] = unboundTypesHandler;
        } else {
            // There was an existing function with the same name registered. Set up a function overload routing table.
            ensureOverloadTable(proto, methodName, humanName);
            proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1] = unboundTypesHandler;
        }

        whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], rawArgTypes, function(argTypes) {
            // Replace the initial unbound-types-handler stub with the proper function. If multiple overloads are registered,
            // the function handlers go into an overload table.
            var invokerArgsArray = [argTypes[0] /* return value */, null /* no class 'this'*/].concat(argTypes.slice(1) /* actual params */);
            var func = craftInvokerFunction(humanName, invokerArgsArray, null /* no class 'this'*/, rawInvoker, fn);
            if (undefined === proto[methodName].overloadTable) {
                proto[methodName] = func;
            } else {
                proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1] = func;
            }
            return [];
        });
        return [];
    });
}

function __embind_create_inheriting_constructor(constructorName, wrapperType, properties) {
    constructorName = readLatin1String(constructorName);
    wrapperType = requireRegisteredType(wrapperType, 'wrapper');
    properties = requireHandle(properties);

    var arraySlice = [].slice;

    var registeredClass = wrapperType.registeredClass;
    var wrapperPrototype = registeredClass.instancePrototype;
    var baseClass = registeredClass.baseClass;
    var baseClassPrototype = baseClass.instancePrototype;
    var baseConstructor = registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;
    var ctor = createNamedFunction(constructorName, function() {
        registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions.forEach(function(name) {
            if (this[name] === baseClassPrototype[name]) {
                throw new PureVirtualError('Pure virtual function ' + name + ' must be implemented in JavaScript');
            }
        }.bind(this));

        Object.defineProperty(this, '__parent', {
            value: wrapperPrototype
        });
        this.__construct.apply(this, arraySlice.call(arguments));
    });

    // It's a little nasty that we're modifying the wrapper prototype here.

    wrapperPrototype.__construct = function __construct() {
        if (this === wrapperPrototype) {
            throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct");
        }

        var inner = baseConstructor.implement.apply(
            undefined,
            [this].concat(arraySlice.call(arguments)));
        var $$ = inner.$$;
        inner.notifyOnDestruction();
        $$.preservePointerOnDelete = true;
        Object.defineProperty(this, '$$', {
            value: $$
        });
        registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass, $$.ptr, this);
    };

    wrapperPrototype.__destruct = function __destruct() {
        if (this === wrapperPrototype) {
            throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct");
        }

        unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass, this.$$.ptr);
    };

    ctor.prototype = Object.create(wrapperPrototype);
    for (var p in properties) {
        ctor.prototype[p] = properties[p];
    }
    return __emval_register(ctor);
}

var char_0 = '0'.charCodeAt(0);
var char_9 = '9'.charCodeAt(0);
function makeLegalFunctionName(name) {
    name = name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '$');
    var f = name.charCodeAt(0);
    if (f >= char_0 && f <= char_9) {
        return '_' + name;
    } else {
        return name;
    }
}

function __embind_register_smart_ptr(
    rawType,
    rawPointeeType,
    name,
    sharingPolicy,
    getPointeeSignature,
    rawGetPointee,
    constructorSignature,
    rawConstructor,
    shareSignature,
    rawShare,
    destructorSignature,
    rawDestructor
) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    rawGetPointee = requireFunction(getPointeeSignature, rawGetPointee);
    rawConstructor = requireFunction(constructorSignature, rawConstructor);
    rawShare = requireFunction(shareSignature, rawShare);
    rawDestructor = requireFunction(destructorSignature, rawDestructor);

    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType], [rawPointeeType], function(pointeeType) {
        pointeeType = pointeeType[0];

        var registeredPointer = new RegisteredPointer(
            name,
            pointeeType.registeredClass,
            false,
            false,
            // smart pointer properties
            true,
            pointeeType,
            sharingPolicy,
            rawGetPointee,
            rawConstructor,
            rawShare,
            rawDestructor);
        return [registeredPointer];
    });
}

function __embind_register_enum(
    rawType,
    name,
    size,
    isSigned
) {
    var shift = getShiftFromSize(size);
    name = readLatin1String(name);

    function constructor() {
    }
    constructor.values = {};

    registerType(rawType, {
        name: name,
        constructor: constructor,
        'fromWireType': function(c) {
            return this.constructor.values[c];
        },
        'toWireType': function(destructors, c) {
            return c.value;
        },
        'argPackAdvance': 8,
        'readValueFromPointer': integerReadValueFromPointer(name, shift, isSigned),
        destructorFunction: null,
    });
    exposePublicSymbol(name, constructor);
}

function __embind_register_enum_value(
    rawEnumType,
    name,
    enumValue
) {
    var enumType = requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType, 'enum');
    name = readLatin1String(name);

    var Enum = enumType.constructor;

    var Value = Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype, {
        value: {value: enumValue},
        constructor: {value: createNamedFunction(enumType.name + '_' + name, function() {})},
    });
    Enum.values[enumValue] = Value;
    Enum[name] = Value;
}

function __embind_register_constant(name, type, value) {
    name = readLatin1String(name);
    whenDependentTypesAreResolved([], [type], function(type) {
        type = type[0];
        Module[name] = type['fromWireType'](value);
        return [];
    });
}