path: root/docs/stats_binary_frames.md

# Stats Binary Frame Structures

Binary frame structures for companion radio stats commands. All multi-byte integers use little-endian byte order.

## Command Codes

| Command | Code | Description |
|---------|------|-------------|
| `CMD_GET_STATS` | 56 | Get statistics (2-byte command: code + sub-type) |

### Stats Sub-Types

The `CMD_GET_STATS` command uses a 2-byte frame structure:
- **Byte 0:** `CMD_GET_STATS` (56)
- **Byte 1:** Stats sub-type:
  - `STATS_TYPE_CORE` (0) - Get core device statistics
  - `STATS_TYPE_RADIO` (1) - Get radio statistics
  - `STATS_TYPE_PACKETS` (2) - Get packet statistics

## Response Codes

| Response | Code | Description |
|----------|------|-------------|
| `RESP_CODE_STATS` | 24 | Statistics response (2-byte response: code + sub-type) |

### Stats Response Sub-Types

The `RESP_CODE_STATS` response uses a 2-byte header structure:
- **Byte 0:** `RESP_CODE_STATS` (24)
- **Byte 1:** Stats sub-type (matches command sub-type):
  - `STATS_TYPE_CORE` (0) - Core device statistics response
  - `STATS_TYPE_RADIO` (1) - Radio statistics response
  - `STATS_TYPE_PACKETS` (2) - Packet statistics response

---

## RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_CORE (24, 0)

**Total Frame Size:** 11 bytes

| Offset | Size | Type | Field Name | Description | Range/Notes |
|--------|------|------|------------|-------------|-------------|
| 0 | 1 | uint8_t | response_code | Always `0x18` (24) | - |
| 1 | 1 | uint8_t | stats_type | Always `0x00` (STATS_TYPE_CORE) | - |
| 2 | 2 | uint16_t | battery_mv | Battery voltage in millivolts | 0 - 65,535 |
| 4 | 4 | uint32_t | uptime_secs | Device uptime in seconds | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 8 | 2 | uint16_t | errors | Error flags bitmask | - |
| 10 | 1 | uint8_t | queue_len | Outbound packet queue length | 0 - 255 |

### Example Structure (C/C++)

```c
struct StatsCore {
    uint8_t  response_code;  // 0x18
    uint8_t  stats_type;     // 0x00 (STATS_TYPE_CORE)
    uint16_t battery_mv;
    uint32_t uptime_secs;
    uint16_t errors;
    uint8_t  queue_len;
} __attribute__((packed));
```

---

## RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_RADIO (24, 1)

**Total Frame Size:** 14 bytes

| Offset | Size | Type | Field Name | Description | Range/Notes |
|--------|------|------|------------|-------------|-------------|
| 0 | 1 | uint8_t | response_code | Always `0x18` (24) | - |
| 1 | 1 | uint8_t | stats_type | Always `0x01` (STATS_TYPE_RADIO) | - |
| 2 | 2 | int16_t | noise_floor | Radio noise floor in dBm | -140 to +10 |
| 4 | 1 | int8_t | last_rssi | Last received signal strength in dBm | -128 to +127 |
| 5 | 1 | int8_t | last_snr | SNR scaled by 4 | Divide by 4.0 for dB |
| 6 | 4 | uint32_t | tx_air_secs | Cumulative transmit airtime in seconds | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 10 | 4 | uint32_t | rx_air_secs | Cumulative receive airtime in seconds | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |

### Example Structure (C/C++)

```c
struct StatsRadio {
    uint8_t  response_code;  // 0x18
    uint8_t  stats_type;     // 0x01 (STATS_TYPE_RADIO)
    int16_t  noise_floor;
    int8_t   last_rssi;
    int8_t   last_snr;       // Divide by 4.0 to get actual SNR in dB
    uint32_t tx_air_secs;
    uint32_t rx_air_secs;
} __attribute__((packed));
```

---

## RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_PACKETS (24, 2)

**Total Frame Size:** 26 bytes (legacy) or 30 bytes (includes `recv_errors`)

| Offset | Size | Type | Field Name | Description | Range/Notes |
|--------|------|------|------------|-------------|-------------|
| 0 | 1 | uint8_t | response_code | Always `0x18` (24) | - |
| 1 | 1 | uint8_t | stats_type | Always `0x02` (STATS_TYPE_PACKETS) | - |
| 2 | 4 | uint32_t | recv | Total packets received | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 6 | 4 | uint32_t | sent | Total packets sent | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 10 | 4 | uint32_t | flood_tx | Packets sent via flood routing | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 14 | 4 | uint32_t | direct_tx | Packets sent via direct routing | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 18 | 4 | uint32_t | flood_rx | Packets received via flood routing | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 22 | 4 | uint32_t | direct_rx | Packets received via direct routing | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |
| 26 | 4 | uint32_t | recv_errors | Receive/CRC errors (RadioLib); present only in 30-byte frame | 0 - 4,294,967,295 |

### Notes

- Counters are cumulative from boot and may wrap.
- `recv = flood_rx + direct_rx`
- `sent = flood_tx + direct_tx`
- Clients should accept frame length ≥ 26; if length ≥ 30, parse `recv_errors` at offset 26.

### Example Structure (C/C++)

```c
struct StatsPackets {
    uint8_t  response_code;  // 0x18
    uint8_t  stats_type;     // 0x02 (STATS_TYPE_PACKETS)
    uint32_t recv;
    uint32_t sent;
    uint32_t flood_tx;
    uint32_t direct_tx;
    uint32_t flood_rx;
    uint32_t direct_rx;
    uint32_t recv_errors;    // present when frame size is 30
} __attribute__((packed));
```

---

## Command Usage Example (Python)

```python
# Send CMD_GET_STATS command
def send_get_stats_core(serial_interface):
    """Send command to get core stats"""
    cmd = bytes([56, 0])  # CMD_GET_STATS (56) + STATS_TYPE_CORE (0)
    serial_interface.write(cmd)

def send_get_stats_radio(serial_interface):
    """Send command to get radio stats"""
    cmd = bytes([56, 1])  # CMD_GET_STATS (56) + STATS_TYPE_RADIO (1)
    serial_interface.write(cmd)

def send_get_stats_packets(serial_interface):
    """Send command to get packet stats"""
    cmd = bytes([56, 2])  # CMD_GET_STATS (56) + STATS_TYPE_PACKETS (2)
    serial_interface.write(cmd)
```

---

## Response Parsing Example (Python)

```python
import struct

def parse_stats_core(frame):
    """Parse RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_CORE frame (11 bytes)"""
    response_code, stats_type, battery_mv, uptime_secs, errors, queue_len = \
        struct.unpack('<B B H I H B', frame)
    assert response_code == 24 and stats_type == 0, "Invalid response type"
    return {
        'battery_mv': battery_mv,
        'uptime_secs': uptime_secs,
        'errors': errors,
        'queue_len': queue_len
    }

def parse_stats_radio(frame):
    """Parse RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_RADIO frame (14 bytes)"""
    response_code, stats_type, noise_floor, last_rssi, last_snr, tx_air_secs, rx_air_secs = \
        struct.unpack('<B B h b b I I', frame)
    assert response_code == 24 and stats_type == 1, "Invalid response type"
    return {
        'noise_floor': noise_floor,
        'last_rssi': last_rssi,
        'last_snr': last_snr / 4.0,  # Unscale SNR
        'tx_air_secs': tx_air_secs,
        'rx_air_secs': rx_air_secs
    }

def parse_stats_packets(frame):
    """Parse RESP_CODE_STATS + STATS_TYPE_PACKETS frame (26 or 30 bytes)"""
    assert len(frame) >= 26, "STATS_TYPE_PACKETS frame too short"
    response_code, stats_type, recv, sent, flood_tx, direct_tx, flood_rx, direct_rx = \
        struct.unpack('<B B I I I I I I', frame[:26])
    assert response_code == 24 and stats_type == 2, "Invalid response type"
    result = {
        'recv': recv,
        'sent': sent,
        'flood_tx': flood_tx,
        'direct_tx': direct_tx,
        'flood_rx': flood_rx,
        'direct_rx': direct_rx
    }
    if len(frame) >= 30:
        (recv_errors,) = struct.unpack('<I', frame[26:30])
        result['recv_errors'] = recv_errors
    return result
```

---

## Command Usage Example (JavaScript/TypeScript)

```typescript
// Send CMD_GET_STATS command
const CMD_GET_STATS = 56;
const STATS_TYPE_CORE = 0;
const STATS_TYPE_RADIO = 1;
const STATS_TYPE_PACKETS = 2;

function sendGetStatsCore(serialInterface: SerialPort): void {
    const cmd = new Uint8Array([CMD_GET_STATS, STATS_TYPE_CORE]);
    serialInterface.write(cmd);
}

function sendGetStatsRadio(serialInterface: SerialPort): void {
    const cmd = new Uint8Array([CMD_GET_STATS, STATS_TYPE_RADIO]);
    serialInterface.write(cmd);
}

function sendGetStatsPackets(serialInterface: SerialPort): void {
    const cmd = new Uint8Array([CMD_GET_STATS, STATS_TYPE_PACKETS]);
    serialInterface.write(cmd);
}
```

---

## Response Parsing Example (JavaScript/TypeScript)

```typescript
interface StatsCore {
    battery_mv: number;
    uptime_secs: number;
    errors: number;
    queue_len: number;
}

interface StatsRadio {
    noise_floor: number;
    last_rssi: number;
    last_snr: number;
    tx_air_secs: number;
    rx_air_secs: number;
}

interface StatsPackets {
    recv: number;
    sent: number;
    flood_tx: number;
    direct_tx: number;
    flood_rx: number;
    direct_rx: number;
    recv_errors?: number;  // present when frame is 30 bytes
}

function parseStatsCore(buffer: ArrayBuffer): StatsCore {
    const view = new DataView(buffer);
    const response_code = view.getUint8(0);
    const stats_type = view.getUint8(1);
    if (response_code !== 24 || stats_type !== 0) {
        throw new Error('Invalid response type');
    }
    return {
        battery_mv: view.getUint16(2, true),
        uptime_secs: view.getUint32(4, true),
        errors: view.getUint16(8, true),
        queue_len: view.getUint8(10)
    };
}

function parseStatsRadio(buffer: ArrayBuffer): StatsRadio {
    const view = new DataView(buffer);
    const response_code = view.getUint8(0);
    const stats_type = view.getUint8(1);
    if (response_code !== 24 || stats_type !== 1) {
        throw new Error('Invalid response type');
    }
    return {
        noise_floor: view.getInt16(2, true),
        last_rssi: view.getInt8(4),
        last_snr: view.getInt8(5) / 4.0,  // Unscale SNR
        tx_air_secs: view.getUint32(6, true),
        rx_air_secs: view.getUint32(10, true)
    };
}

function parseStatsPackets(buffer: ArrayBuffer): StatsPackets {
    const view = new DataView(buffer);
    if (buffer.byteLength < 26) {
        throw new Error('STATS_TYPE_PACKETS frame too short');
    }
    const response_code = view.getUint8(0);
    const stats_type = view.getUint8(1);
    if (response_code !== 24 || stats_type !== 2) {
        throw new Error('Invalid response type');
    }
    const result: StatsPackets = {
        recv: view.getUint32(2, true),
        sent: view.getUint32(6, true),
        flood_tx: view.getUint32(10, true),
        direct_tx: view.getUint32(14, true),
        flood_rx: view.getUint32(18, true),
        direct_rx: view.getUint32(22, true)
    };
    if (buffer.byteLength >= 30) {
        result.recv_errors = view.getUint32(26, true);
    }
    return result;
}
```

---

## Field Size Considerations

- Packet counters (uint32_t): May wrap after extended high-traffic operation.
- Time fields (uint32_t): Max ~136 years.
- SNR (int8_t, scaled by 4): Range -32 to +31.75 dB, 0.25 dB precision.