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Revision 5, 2005-07-29
Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
This is a guide on how to convert I2C chip drivers from Linux 2.4 to
Linux 2.6. I have been using existing drivers (lm75, lm78) as examples.
Then I converted a driver myself (lm83) and updated this document.
There are two sets of points below. The first set concerns technical
changes. The second set concerns coding policy. Both are mandatory.
Although reading this guide will help you porting drivers, I suggest
you keep an eye on an already ported driver while porting your own
driver. This will help you a lot understanding what this guide
exactly means. Choose the chip driver that is the more similar to
yours for best results.
Technical changes:
* [Includes] Get rid of "version.h" and <linux/i2c-proc.h>.
Includes typically look like that:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/hwmon.h> /* for hardware monitoring drivers */
#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h> /* if you need VRM support */
#include <asm/io.h> /* if you have I/O operations */
Please respect this inclusion order. Some extra headers may be
required for a given driver (e.g. "lm75.h").
* [Addresses] SENSORS_I2C_END becomes I2C_CLIENT_END, ISA addresses
are no more handled by the i2c core.
SENSORS_INSMOD_<n> becomes I2C_CLIENT_INSMOD_<n>.
* [Client data] Get rid of sysctl_id. Try using standard names for
register values (for example, temp_os becomes temp_max). You're
still relatively free here, but you *have* to follow the standard
names for sysfs files (see the Sysctl section below).
* [Function prototypes] The detect functions loses its flags
parameter. Sysctl (e.g. lm75_temp) and miscellaneous functions
are off the list of prototypes. This usually leaves five
prototypes:
static int lm75_attach_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter);
static int lm75_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, int address,
int kind);
static void lm75_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
static int lm75_detach_client(struct i2c_client *client);
static void lm75_update_client(struct i2c_client *client);
* [Sysctl] All sysctl stuff is of course gone (defines, ctl_table
and functions). Instead, you have to define show and set functions for
each sysfs file. Only define set for writable values. Take a look at an
existing 2.6 driver for details (lm78 for example). Don't forget
to define the attributes for each file (this is that step that
links callback functions). Use the file names specified in
Documentation/i2c/sysfs-interface for the individual files. Also
convert the units these files read and write to the specified ones.
If you need to add a new type of file, please discuss it on the
sensors mailing list <lm-sensors@lm-sensors.org> by providing a
patch to the Documentation/i2c/sysfs-interface file.
* [Attach] For I2C drivers, the attach function should make sure
that the adapter's class has I2C_CLASS_HWMON, using the
following construct:
if (!(adapter->class & I2C_CLASS_HWMON))
return 0;
ISA-only drivers of course don't need this.
Call i2c_probe() instead of i2c_detect().
* [Detect] As mentioned earlier, the flags parameter is gone.
The type_name and client_name strings are replaced by a single
name string, which will be filled with a lowercase, short string
(typically the driver name, e.g. "lm75").
In i2c-only drivers, drop the i2c_is_isa_adapter check, it's
useless. Same for isa-only drivers, as the test would always be
true. Only hybrid drivers (which are quite rare) still need it.
The errorN labels are reduced to the number needed. If that number
is 2 (i2c-only drivers), it is advised that the labels are named
exit and exit_free. For i2c+isa drivers, labels should be named
ERROR0, ERROR1 and ERROR2. Don't forget to properly set err before
jumping to error labels. By the way, labels should be left-aligned.
Use kzalloc instead of kmalloc.
Use i2c_set_clientdata to set the client data (as opposed to
a direct access to client->data).
Use strlcpy instead of strcpy to copy the client name.
Replace the sysctl directory registration by calls to
device_create_file. Move the driver initialization before any
sysfs file creation.
Drop client->id.
Drop any 24RF08 corruption prevention you find, as this is now done
at the i2c-core level, and doing it twice voids it.
Don't add I2C_CLIENT_ALLOW_USE to client->flags, it's the default now.
* [Init] Limits must not be set by the driver (can be done later in
user-space). Chip should not be reset default (although a module
parameter may be used to force is), and initialization should be
limited to the strictly necessary steps.
* [Detach] Get rid of data, remove the call to
i2c_deregister_entry. Do not log an error message if
i2c_detach_client fails, as i2c-core will now do it for you.
* [Update] Don't access client->data directly, use
i2c_get_clientdata(client) instead.
* [Interface] Init function should not print anything. Make sure
there is a MODULE_LICENSE() line, at the bottom of the file
(after MODULE_AUTHOR() and MODULE_DESCRIPTION(), in this order).
* [Driver] The flags field of the i2c_driver structure is gone.
I2C_DF_NOTIFY is now the default behavior.
Coding policy:
* [Copyright] Use (C), not (c), for copyright.
* [Debug/log] Get rid of #ifdef DEBUG/#endif constructs whenever you
can. Calls to printk/pr_debug for debugging purposes are replaced
by calls to dev_dbg. Here is an example on how to call it (taken
from lm75_detect):
dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Starting lm75 update\n");
Replace other printk calls with the dev_info, dev_err or dev_warn
function, as appropriate.
* [Constants] Constants defines (registers, conversions, initial
values) should be aligned. This greatly improves readability.
Same goes for variables declarations. Alignments are achieved by the
means of tabs, not spaces. Remember that tabs are set to 8 in the
Linux kernel code.
* [Structure definition] The name field should be standardized. All
lowercase and as simple as the driver name itself (e.g. "lm75").
* [Layout] Avoid extra empty lines between comments and what they
comment. Respect the coding style (see Documentation/CodingStyle),
in particular when it comes to placing curly braces.
* [Comments] Make sure that no comment refers to a file that isn't
part of the Linux source tree (typically doc/chips/<chip name>),
and that remaining comments still match the code. Merging comment
lines when possible is encouraged.
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