/* * Generic pidhash and scalable, time-bounded PID allocator * * (C) 2002-2003 William Irwin, IBM * (C) 2004 William Irwin, Oracle * (C) 2002-2004 Ingo Molnar, Red Hat * * pid-structures are backing objects for tasks sharing a given ID to chain * against. There is very little to them aside from hashing them and * parking tasks using given ID's on a list. * * The hash is always changed with the tasklist_lock write-acquired, * and the hash is only accessed with the tasklist_lock at least * read-acquired, so there's no additional SMP locking needed here. * * We have a list of bitmap pages, which bitmaps represent the PID space. * Allocating and freeing PIDs is completely lockless. The worst-case * allocation scenario when all but one out of 1 million PIDs possible are * allocated already: the scanning of 32 list entries and at most PAGE_SIZE * bytes. The typical fastpath is a single successful setbit. Freeing is O(1). */ #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/bootmem.h> #include <linux/hash.h> #include <linux/pid_namespace.h> #include <linux/init_task.h> #define pid_hashfn(nr) hash_long((unsigned long)nr, pidhash_shift) static struct hlist_head *pid_hash; static int pidhash_shift; struct pid init_struct_pid = INIT_STRUCT_PID; int pid_max = PID_MAX_DEFAULT; #define RESERVED_PIDS 300 int pid_max_min = RESERVED_PIDS + 1; int pid_max_max = PID_MAX_LIMIT; #define BITS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE*8) #define BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK (BITS_PER_PAGE-1) static inline int mk_pid(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, struct pidmap *map, int off) { return (map - pid_ns->pidmap)*BITS_PER_PAGE + off; } #define find_next_offset(map, off) \ find_next_zero_bit((map)->page, BITS_PER_PAGE, off) /* * PID-map pages start out as NULL, they get allocated upon * first use and are never deallocated. This way a low pid_max * value does not cause lots of bitmaps to be allocated, but * the scheme scales to up to 4 million PIDs, runtime. */ struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = { .kref = { .refcount = ATOMIC_INIT(2), }, .pidmap = { [ 0 ... PIDMAP_ENTRIES-1] = { ATOMIC_INIT(BITS_PER_PAGE), NULL } }, .last_pid = 0, .level = 0, .child_reaper = &init_task, }; int is_global_init(struct task_struct *tsk) { return tsk == init_pid_ns.child_reaper; } /* * Note: disable interrupts while the pidmap_lock is held as an * interrupt might come in and do read_lock(&tasklist_lock). * * If we don't disable interrupts there is a nasty deadlock between * detach_pid()->free_pid() and another cpu that does * spin_lock(&pidmap_lock) followed by an interrupt routine that does * read_lock(&tasklist_lock); * * After we clean up the tasklist_lock and know there are no * irq handlers that take it we can leave the interrupts enabled. * For now it is easier to be safe than to prove it can't happen. */ static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pidmap_lock); static fastcall void free_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int pid) { struct pidmap *map = pid_ns->pidmap + pid / BITS_PER_PAGE; int offset = pid & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; clear_bit(offset, map->page); atomic_inc(&map->nr_free); } static int alloc_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns) { int i, offset, max_scan, pid, last = pid_ns->last_pid; struct pidmap *map; pid = last + 1; if (pid >= pid_max) pid = RESERVED_PIDS; offset = pid & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; map = &pid_ns->pidmap[pid/BITS_PER_PAGE]; max_scan = (pid_max + BITS_PER_PAGE - 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE - !offset; for (i = 0; i <= max_scan; ++i) { if (unlikely(!map->page)) { void *page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); /* * Free the page if someone raced with us * installing it: */ spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock); if (map->page) kfree(page); else map->page = page; spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); if (unlikely(!map->page)) break; } if (likely(atomic_read(&map->nr_free))) { do { if (!test_and_set_bit(offset, map->page)) { atomic_dec(&map->nr_free); pid_ns->last_pid = pid; return pid; } offset = find_next_offset(map, offset); pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); /* * find_next_offset() found a bit, the pid from it * is in-bounds, and if we fell back to the last * bitmap block and the final block was the same * as the starting point, pid is before last_pid. */ } while (offset < BITS_PER_PAGE && pid < pid_max && (i != max_scan || pid < last || !((last+1) & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK))); } if (map < &pid_ns->pidmap[(pid_max-1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]) { ++map; offset = 0; } else { map = &pid_ns->pidmap[0]; offset = RESERVED_PIDS; if (unlikely(last == offset)) break; } pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); } return -1; } static int next_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int last) { int offset; struct pidmap *map, *end; offset = (last + 1) & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK; map = &pid_ns->pidmap[(last + 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]; end = &pid_ns->pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES]; for (; map < end; map++, offset = 0) { if (unlikely(!map->page)) continue; offset = find_next_bit((map)->page, BITS_PER_PAGE, offset); if (offset < BITS_PER_PAGE) return mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset); } return -1; } fastcall void put_pid(struct pid *pid) { struct pid_namespace *ns; if (!pid) return; /* FIXME - this must be the namespace this pid lives in */ ns = &init_pid_ns; if ((atomic_read(&pid->count) == 1) || atomic_dec_and_test(&pid->count)) kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_pid); static void delayed_put_pid(struct rcu_head *rhp) { struct pid *pid = container_of(rhp, struct pid, rcu); put_pid(pid); } fastcall void free_pid(struct pid *pid) { /* We can be called with write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) held */ unsigned long flags; spin_lock_irqsave(&pidmap_lock, flags); hlist_del_rcu(&pid->pid_chain); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pidmap_lock, flags); free_pidmap(&init_pid_ns, pid->nr); call_rcu(&pid->rcu, delayed_put_pid); } struct pid *alloc_pid(void) { struct pid *pid; enum pid_type type; int nr = -1; struct pid_namespace *ns; ns = task_active_pid_ns(current); pid = kmem_cache_alloc(ns->pid_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); if (!pid) goto out; nr = alloc_pidmap(ns); if (nr < 0) goto out_free; atomic_set(&pid->count, 1); pid->nr = nr; for (type = 0; type < PIDTYPE_MAX; ++type) INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pid->tasks[type]); spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock); hlist_add_head_rcu(&pid->pid_chain, &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(pid->nr)]); spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock); out: return pid; out_free: kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid); pid = NULL; goto out; } struct pid * fastcall find_pid(int nr) { struct hlist_node *elem; struct pid *pid; hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pid, elem, &pid_hash[pid_hashfn(nr)], pid_chain) { if (pid->nr == nr) return pid; } return NULL; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_pid); /* * attach_pid() must be called with the tasklist_lock write-held. */ int fastcall attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, struct pid *pid) { struct pid_link *link; link = &task->pids[type]; link->pid = pid; hlist_add_head_rcu(&link->node, &pid->tasks[type]); return 0; } void fastcall detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) { struct pid_link *link; struct pid *pid; int tmp; link = &task->pids[type]; pid = link->pid; hlist_del_rcu(&link->node); link->pid = NULL; for (tmp = PIDTYPE_MAX; --tmp >= 0; ) if (!hlist_empty(&pid->tasks[tmp])) return; free_pid(pid); } /* transfer_pid is an optimization of attach_pid(new), detach_pid(old) */ void fastcall transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new, enum pid_type type) { new->pids[type].pid = old->pids[type].pid; hlist_replace_rcu(&old->pids[type].node, &new->pids[type].node); old->pids[type].pid = NULL; } struct task_struct * fastcall pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) { struct task_struct *result = NULL; if (pid) { struct hlist_node *first; first = rcu_dereference(pid->tasks[type].first); if (first) result = hlist_entry(first, struct task_struct, pids[(type)].node); } return result; } /* * Must be called under rcu_read_lock() or with tasklist_lock read-held. */ struct task_struct *find_task_by_pid_type(int type, int nr) { return pid_task(find_pid(nr), type); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(find_task_by_pid_type); struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type) { struct pid *pid; rcu_read_lock(); pid = get_pid(task->pids[type].pid); rcu_read_unlock(); return pid; } struct task_struct *fastcall get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type) { struct task_struct *result; rcu_read_lock(); result = pid_task(pid, type); if (result) get_task_struct(result); rcu_read_unlock(); return result; } struct pid *find_get_pid(pid_t nr) { struct pid *pid; rcu_read_lock(); pid = get_pid(find_pid(nr)); rcu_read_unlock(); return pid; } /* * Used by proc to find the first pid that is greater then or equal to nr. * * If there is a pid at nr this function is exactly the same as find_pid. */ struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr) { struct pid *pid; do { pid = find_pid(nr); if (pid) break; nr = next_pidmap(task_active_pid_ns(current), nr); } while (nr > 0); return pid; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_get_pid); struct pid_cache { int nr_ids; char name[16]; struct kmem_cache *cachep; struct list_head list; }; static LIST_HEAD(pid_caches_lh); static DEFINE_MUTEX(pid_caches_mutex); /* * creates the kmem cache to allocate pids from. * @nr_ids: the number of numerical ids this pid will have to carry */ static struct kmem_cache *create_pid_cachep(int nr_ids) { struct pid_cache *pcache; struct kmem_cache *cachep; mutex_lock(&pid_caches_mutex); list_for_each_entry (pcache, &pid_caches_lh, list) if (pcache->nr_ids == nr_ids) goto out; pcache = kmalloc(sizeof(struct pid_cache), GFP_KERNEL); if (pcache == NULL) goto err_alloc; snprintf(pcache->name, sizeof(pcache->name), "pid_%d", nr_ids); cachep = kmem_cache_create(pcache->name, /* FIXME add numerical ids here */ sizeof(struct pid), 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL); if (cachep == NULL) goto err_cachep; pcache->nr_ids = nr_ids; pcache->cachep = cachep; list_add(&pcache->list, &pid_caches_lh); out: mutex_unlock(&pid_caches_mutex); return pcache->cachep; err_cachep: kfree(pcache); err_alloc: mutex_unlock(&pid_caches_mutex); return NULL; } struct pid_namespace *copy_pid_ns(unsigned long flags, struct pid_namespace *old_ns) { BUG_ON(!old_ns); get_pid_ns(old_ns); return old_ns; } void free_pid_ns(struct kref *kref) { struct pid_namespace *ns; ns = container_of(kref, struct pid_namespace, kref); kfree(ns); } /* * The pid hash table is scaled according to the amount of memory in the * machine. From a minimum of 16 slots up to 4096 slots at one gigabyte or * more. */ void __init pidhash_init(void) { int i, pidhash_size; unsigned long megabytes = nr_kernel_pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT); pidhash_shift = max(4, fls(megabytes * 4)); pidhash_shift = min(12, pidhash_shift); pidhash_size = 1 << pidhash_shift; printk("PID hash table entries: %d (order: %d, %Zd bytes)\n", pidhash_size, pidhash_shift, pidhash_size * sizeof(struct hlist_head)); pid_hash = alloc_bootmem(pidhash_size * sizeof(*(pid_hash))); if (!pid_hash) panic("Could not alloc pidhash!\n"); for (i = 0; i < pidhash_size; i++) INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pid_hash[i]); } void __init pidmap_init(void) { init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); /* Reserve PID 0. We never call free_pidmap(0) */ set_bit(0, init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page); atomic_dec(&init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].nr_free); init_pid_ns.pid_cachep = create_pid_cachep(1); if (init_pid_ns.pid_cachep == NULL) panic("Can't create pid_1 cachep\n"); }