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Drivers that register a ->fault handler, but do not range-check the
offset argument, must set VM_DONTEXPAND in the vm_flags in order to
prevent an expanding mremap from overflowing the resource.
I've audited the tree and attempted to fix these problems (usually by
adding VM_DONTEXPAND where it is not obvious).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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This reverts the following changeset in 2.6.22.10 that caused a lot of
reported problems.
From: Mark Lord <lkml@rtr.ca>
commit 4047727e5ae33f9b8d2b7766d1994ea6e5ec2991 from upstream
We need to disable all CPUs other than the boot CPU (usually 0) before
attempting to power-off modern SMP machines. This fixes the
hang-on-poweroff issue on my MythTV SMP box, and also on Thomas Gleixner's
new toybox.
Signed-off-by: Mark Lord <mlord@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
There still is a remaining shutdown problem in 2.6.22 with old APM based
systems, but this fix is not the correct one
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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From Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
patch ce6bd420f43b28038a2c6e8fbb86ad24014727b6 in mainline.
David Holmes found a bug in the -rt tree with respect to
pthread_cond_timedwait. After trying his test program on the latest git
from mainline, I found the bug was there too. The bug he was seeing
that his test program showed, was that if one were to do a "Ctrl-Z" on a
process that was in the pthread_cond_timedwait, and then did a "bg" on
that process, it would return with a "-ETIMEDOUT" but early. That is,
the timer would go off early.
Looking into this, I found the source of the problem. And it is a rather
nasty bug at that.
Here's the relevant code from kernel/futex.c: (not in order in the file)
[...]
smlinkage long sys_futex(u32 __user *uaddr, int op, u32 val,
struct timespec __user *utime, u32 __user *uaddr2,
u32 val3)
{
struct timespec ts;
ktime_t t, *tp = NULL;
u32 val2 = 0;
int cmd = op & FUTEX_CMD_MASK;
if (utime && (cmd == FUTEX_WAIT || cmd == FUTEX_LOCK_PI)) {
if (copy_from_user(&ts, utime, sizeof(ts)) != 0)
return -EFAULT;
if (!timespec_valid(&ts))
return -EINVAL;
t = timespec_to_ktime(ts);
if (cmd == FUTEX_WAIT)
t = ktime_add(ktime_get(), t);
tp = &t;
}
[...]
return do_futex(uaddr, op, val, tp, uaddr2, val2, val3);
}
[...]
long do_futex(u32 __user *uaddr, int op, u32 val, ktime_t *timeout,
u32 __user *uaddr2, u32 val2, u32 val3)
{
int ret;
int cmd = op & FUTEX_CMD_MASK;
struct rw_semaphore *fshared = NULL;
if (!(op & FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG))
fshared = ¤t->mm->mmap_sem;
switch (cmd) {
case FUTEX_WAIT:
ret = futex_wait(uaddr, fshared, val, timeout);
[...]
static int futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, struct rw_semaphore *fshared,
u32 val, ktime_t *abs_time)
{
[...]
struct restart_block *restart;
restart = ¤t_thread_info()->restart_block;
restart->fn = futex_wait_restart;
restart->arg0 = (unsigned long)uaddr;
restart->arg1 = (unsigned long)val;
restart->arg2 = (unsigned long)abs_time;
restart->arg3 = 0;
if (fshared)
restart->arg3 |= ARG3_SHARED;
return -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK;
[...]
static long futex_wait_restart(struct restart_block *restart)
{
u32 __user *uaddr = (u32 __user *)restart->arg0;
u32 val = (u32)restart->arg1;
ktime_t *abs_time = (ktime_t *)restart->arg2;
struct rw_semaphore *fshared = NULL;
restart->fn = do_no_restart_syscall;
if (restart->arg3 & ARG3_SHARED)
fshared = ¤t->mm->mmap_sem;
return (long)futex_wait(uaddr, fshared, val, abs_time);
}
So when the futex_wait is interrupt by a signal we break out of the
hrtimer code and set up or return from signal. This code does not return
back to userspace, so we set up a RESTARTBLOCK. The bug here is that we
save the "abs_time" which is a pointer to the stack variable "ktime_t t"
from sys_futex.
This returns and unwinds the stack before we get to call our signal. On
return from the signal we go to futex_wait_restart, where we update all
the parameters for futex_wait and call it. But here we have a problem
where abs_time is no longer valid.
I verified this with print statements, and sure enough, what abs_time
was set to ends up being garbage when we get to futex_wait_restart.
The solution I did to solve this (with input from Linus Torvalds)
was to add unions to the restart_block to allow system calls to
use the restart with specific parameters. This way the futex code now
saves the time in a 64bit value in the restart block instead of storing
it on the stack.
Note: I'm a bit nervious to add "linux/types.h" and use u32 and u64
in thread_info.h, when there's a #ifdef __KERNEL__ just below that.
Not sure what that is there for. If this turns out to be a problem, I've
tested this with using "unsigned int" for u32 and "unsigned long long" for
u64 and it worked just the same. I'm using u32 and u64 just to be
consistent with what the futex code uses.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch 62f0f61e6673e67151a7c8c0f9a09c7ea43fe2b5 in mainline
Relative hrtimers with a large timeout value might end up as negative
timer values, when the current time is added in hrtimer_start().
This in turn is causing the clockevents_set_next() function to set an
huge timeout and sleep for quite a long time when we have a clock
source which is capable of long sleeps like HPET. With PIT this almost
goes unnoticed as the maximum delta is ~27ms. The non-hrt/nohz code
sorts this out in the next timer interrupt, so we never noticed that
problem which has been there since the first day of hrtimers.
This bug became more apparent in 2.6.24 which activates HPET on more
hardware.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch e6ceb32aa25fc33f21af84cc7a32fe289b3e860c in mainline.
In wait_task_stopped() exit_code already contains the right value for the
si_status member of siginfo, and this is simply set in the non WNOWAIT
case.
If you call waitid() with a stopped or traced process, you'll get the signal
in siginfo.si_status as expected -- however if you call waitid(WNOWAIT) at the
same time, you'll get the signal << 8 | 0x7f
Pass it unchanged to wait_noreap_copyout(); we would only need to shift it
and add 0x7f if we were returning it in the user status field and that
isn't used for any function that permits WNOWAIT.
Signed-off-by: Scott James Remnant <scott@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch 22800a2830ec07e7cc5c837999890ac47cc7f5de in mainline.
Commit faf8c714f4508207a9c81cc94dafc76ed6680b44 caused a regression:
parameter names longer than MAX_KBUILD_MODNAME will now be rejected,
although we just need to keep the module name part that short. This patch
restores the old behaviour while still avoiding that memchr is called with
its length parameter larger than the total string length.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@web.de>
Cc: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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[FUTEX]: Fix address computation in compat code.
[ Upstream commit: 3c5fd9c77d609b51c0bab682c9d40cbb496ec6f1 ]
compat_exit_robust_list() computes a pointer to the
futex entry in userspace as follows:
(void __user *)entry + futex_offset
'entry' is a 'struct robust_list __user *', and
'futex_offset' is a 'compat_long_t' (typically a 's32').
Things explode if the 32-bit sign bit is set in futex_offset.
Type promotion sign extends futex_offset to a 64-bit value before
adding it to 'entry'.
This triggered a problem on sparc64 running 32-bit applications which
would lock up a cpu looping forever in the fault handling for the
userspace load in handle_futex_death().
Compat userspace runs with address masking (wherein the cpu zeros out
the top 32-bits of every effective address given to a memory operation
instruction) so the sparc64 fault handler accounts for this by
zero'ing out the top 32-bits of the fault address too.
Since the kernel properly uses the compat_uptr interfaces, kernel side
accesses to compat userspace work too since they will only use
addresses with the top 32-bit clear.
Because of this compat futex layer bug we get into the following loop
when executing the get_user() load near the top of handle_futex_death():
1) load from address '0xfffffffff7f16bd8', FAULT
2) fault handler clears upper 32-bits, processes fault
for address '0xf7f16bd8' which succeeds
3) goto #1
I want to thank Bernd Zeimetz, Josip Rodin, and Fabio Massimo Di Nitto
for their tireless efforts helping me track down this bug.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch a3474224e6a01924be40a8255636ea5522c1023a in mainline
The original meaning of the old test (p->state > TASK_STOPPED) was
"not dead", since it was before TASK_TRACED existed and before the
state/exit_state split. It was a wrong correction in commit
14bf01bb0599c89fc7f426d20353b76e12555308 to make this test for
TASK_TRACED instead. It should have been changed when TASK_TRACED
was introducted and again when exit_state was introduced.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@ubuntu.com>
Acked-by: Scott James Remnant <scott@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch faf8c714f4508207a9c81cc94dafc76ed6680b44 in mainline.
If memchr argument is longer than strlen(kp->name), there will be some
weird result.
It will casuse duplicate filenames in sysfs for the "nousb". kernel
warning messages are as bellow:
sysfs: duplicate filename 'usbcore' can not be created
WARNING: at fs/sysfs/dir.c:416 sysfs_add_one()
[<c01c4750>] sysfs_add_one+0xa0/0xe0
[<c01c4ab8>] create_dir+0x48/0xb0
[<c01c4b69>] sysfs_create_dir+0x29/0x50
[<c024e0fb>] create_dir+0x1b/0x50
[<c024e3b6>] kobject_add+0x46/0x150
[<c024e2da>] kobject_init+0x3a/0x80
[<c053b880>] kernel_param_sysfs_setup+0x50/0xb0
[<c053b9ce>] param_sysfs_builtin+0xee/0x130
[<c053ba33>] param_sysfs_init+0x23/0x60
[<c024d062>] __next_cpu+0x12/0x20
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052a856>] do_initcalls+0x46/0x1e0
[<c01bdb12>] create_proc_entry+0x52/0x90
[<c0158d4c>] register_irq_proc+0x9c/0xc0
[<c01bda94>] proc_mkdir_mode+0x34/0x50
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052aa92>] kernel_init+0x62/0xb0
[<c0104f83>] kernel_thread_helper+0x7/0x14
=======================
kobject_add failed for usbcore with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory.
[<c024e466>] kobject_add+0xf6/0x150
[<c053b880>] kernel_param_sysfs_setup+0x50/0xb0
[<c053b9ce>] param_sysfs_builtin+0xee/0x130
[<c053ba33>] param_sysfs_init+0x23/0x60
[<c024d062>] __next_cpu+0x12/0x20
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052a856>] do_initcalls+0x46/0x1e0
[<c01bdb12>] create_proc_entry+0x52/0x90
[<c0158d4c>] register_irq_proc+0x9c/0xc0
[<c01bda94>] proc_mkdir_mode+0x34/0x50
[<c052aa30>] kernel_init+0x0/0xb0
[<c052aa92>] kernel_init+0x62/0xb0
[<c0104f83>] kernel_thread_helper+0x7/0x14
=======================
Module 'usbcore' failed to be added to sysfs, error number -17
The system will be unstable now.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch 2464286ace55b3abddfb9cc30ab95e2dac1de9a6 in mainline.
Level type interrupts are resent by the interrupt hardware when they are
still active at irq_enable().
Suppress the resend mechanism for interrupts marked as level.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch 496634217e5671ed876a0348e9f5b7165e830b20 in mainline.
Commit 5a43a066b11ac2fe84cf67307f20b83bea390f83: "genirq: Allow fasteoi
handler to retrigger disabled interrupts" was erroneously applied to
handle_level_irq(). This added the irq retrigger / resend functionality
to the level irq handler.
Revert the offending bits.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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patch 3aa416b07f0adf01c090baab26fb70c35ec17623 in mainline.
lockdep: fix mismatched lockdep_depth/curr_chain_hash
It is possible for the current->curr_chain_key to become inconsistent with the
current index if the chain fails to validate. The end result is that future
lock_acquire() operations may inadvertently fail to find a hit in the cache
resulting in a new node being added to the graph for every acquire.
[ peterz: this might explain some of the lockdep is so _slow_ complaints. ]
[ mingo: this does not impact the correctness of validation, but may slow
down future operations significantly, if the chain gets very long. ]
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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commit 74922be1485818ed368c4cf4f0b100f70bf01e08 upstream.
When using /proc/timer_stats on ppc64 I noticed the events/sec field wasnt
accurate. Sometimes the integer part was incorrect due to rounding (we
werent taking the fractional seconds into consideration).
The fraction part is also wrong, we need to pad the printf statement and
take the bottom three digits of 1000 times the value.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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commit 4047727e5ae33f9b8d2b7766d1994ea6e5ec2991 from upstream
We need to disable all CPUs other than the boot CPU (usually 0) before
attempting to power-off modern SMP machines. This fixes the
hang-on-poweroff issue on my MythTV SMP box, and also on Thomas Gleixner's
new toybox.
Signed-off-by: Mark Lord <mlord@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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commit 179c85ea53bef807621f335767e41e23f86f01df in mainline.
The futex list traversal on the compat side appears to have
a bug.
It's loop termination condition compares:
while (compat_ptr(uentry) != &head->list)
But that can't be right because "uentry" has the special
"pi" indicator bit still potentially set at bit 0. This
is cleared by fetch_robust_entry() into the "entry"
return value.
What this seems to mean is that the list won't terminate
when list iteration gets back to the the head. And we'll
also process the list head like a normal entry, which could
cause all kinds of problems.
So we should check for equality with "entry". That pointer
is of the non-compat type so we have to do a little casting
to keep the compiler and sparse happy.
The same problem can in theory occur with the 'pending'
variable, although that has not been reported from users
so far.
Based on the original patch from David Miller.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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commit 60187d2708caa870f0825d753df1612ea688eb9e in mainline.
Spotted by taoyue <yue.tao@windriver.com> and Jeremy Katz <jeremy.katz@windriver.com>.
collect_signal: sigqueue_free:
list_del_init(&first->list);
if (!list_empty(&q->list)) {
// not taken
}
q->flags &= ~SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC;
__sigqueue_free(first); __sigqueue_free(q);
Now, __sigqueue_free() is called twice on the same "struct sigqueue" with the
obviously bad implications.
In particular, this double free breaks the array_cache->avail logic, so the
same sigqueue could be "allocated" twice, and the bug can manifest itself via
the "impossible" BUG_ON(!SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC) in sigqueue_free/send_sigqueue.
Hopefully this can explain these mysterious bug-reports, see
http://marc.info/?t=118766926500003
http://marc.info/?t=118466273000005
Alexey Dobriyan reports this patch makes the difference for the testcase, but
nobody has an access to the application which opened the problems originally.
Also, this patch removes tasklist lock/unlock, ->siglock is enough.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: taoyue <yue.tao@windriver.com>
Cc: Jeremy Katz <jeremy.katz@windriver.com>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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commit b07e35f94a7b6a059f889b904529ee907dc0634d in mainline tree
Spotted by Marcin Kowalczyk <qrczak@knm.org.pl>.
sys_setpgid(child) fails if the child was forked by sub-thread.
Fix the "is it our child" check. The previous commit
ee0acf90d320c29916ba8c5c1b2e908d81f5057d was not complete.
(this patch asks for the new same_thread_group() helper, but mainline doesn't
have it yet).
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Tested-by: "Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk" <qrczak@knm.org.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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dequeue_signal:
if (__SI_TIMER) {
spin_unlock(&tsk->sighand->siglock);
do_schedule_next_timer(info);
spin_lock(&tsk->sighand->siglock);
}
Unless tsk == curent, this is absolutely unsafe: nothing prevents tsk from
exiting. If signalfd was passed to another process, do_schedule_next_timer()
is just wrong.
Add yet another "tsk == current" check into dequeue_signal().
This patch fixes an oopsable bug, but breaks the scheduling of posix timers
if the shared __SI_TIMER signal was fetched via signalfd attached to another
sub-thread. Mostly fixed by the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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On some systems some PFNs reported by the early initialization code as 'nosave'
may be invalid. =A0If we try to set the corresponding bits in the hibernation
bitmap, BUG_ON() in memory_bm_find_bit() will be triggered and the system
won't be able to boot (cf. https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=296242).
Prevent this from happening by verifying if the 'nosave' PFNs are valid in
mark_nosave_pages().
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Check for audit_signals is misplaced and check for
audit_dummy_context() is missing; as the result, if we send
signal to auditd from task with NULL ->audit_context while
we have audit_signals != 0 we end up with an oops.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Pointed out by Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>.
The bug was introduced in 2.6.22 by me.
cleanup_workqueue_thread() does flush_cpu_workqueue(cwq) in a loop until
->worklist becomes empty. This is live-lockable, a re-niced caller can get
CPU after wake_up() and insert a new barrier before the lower-priority
cwq->thread has a chance to clear ->current_work.
Change cleanup_workqueue_thread() to do flush_cpu_workqueue(cwq) only once.
We can rely on the fact that run_workqueue() won't return until it flushes
all works. So it is safe to call kthread_stop() after that, the "should
stop" request won't be noticed until run_workqueue() returns.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
|
|
The fourth argument of sys_futex is ignored when op == FUTEX_WAKE_OP,
but futex_wake_op expects it as its nr_wake2 parameter.
The only user of this operation in glibc is always passing 1, so this
bug had no consequences so far.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
|
|
On every open/close one struct seq_operations leaks.
Kudos to /proc/slab_allocators.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
|
|
The clock_was_set() call in seconds_overflow() which happens only when
leap seconds are inserted / deleted is wrong in two aspects:
1. it results in a call to on_each_cpu() with interrupts disabled
2. it is potential deadlock source vs. call_lock in smp_call_function()
The only possible side effect of the removal might be, that an absolute
CLOCK_REALTIME timer fires 1 second too late, in the rare case of leap
second deletion and an absolute CLOCK_REALTIME timer which expires in
the affected time frame. It will never fire too early.
This was probably observed by the reporter of a June 30th -> July 1st
hang: http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/7/3/103
A similar problem was observed by Dave Jones, who provided a screen shot
with a lockdep back trace, which allowed to analyse the problem.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Commit 52ade9b3b97fd3bea42842a056fe0786c28d0555 changed the suspend code
ordering to execute pm_ops->prepare() after the device model per-device
.suspend() calls in order to fix some ACPI-related issues. Unfortunately, it
broke the at91 platform which assumed that pm_ops->prepare() would be called
before suspending devices.
at91 used pm_ops->prepare() to get notified of the target system sleep state,
so that it could use this information while suspending devices. However, with
the current suspend code ordering pm_ops->prepare() is called too late for
this purpose. Thus, at91 needs an additional method in 'struct pm_ops' that
will be used for notifying the platform of the target system sleep state.
Moreover, in the future such a method will also be needed by ACPI.
This patch adds the .set_target() method to 'struct pm_ops' and makes the
suspend code call it, if implemented, before executing the device model
per-device .suspend() calls. It also modifies the at91 code to use
pm_ops->set_target() instead of pm_ops->prepare().
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
When I use relayfs with "overwrite" mode, read() still sets incorrect
number of consumed bytes.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Fix a bug in the relay read interface causing the number of consumed bytes
to be set incorrectly.
Signed-off-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The return value of futex_find_get_task() needs to be -ESRCH in case
that the search fails. This was part of the original futex fixes and
got accidentally dropped, when the futex-tidy-up patch was split out.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Stable Team <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Removing a watched file will oops if audit is disabled (auditctl -e 0).
To reproduce:
- auditctl -e 1
- touch /tmp/foo
- auditctl -w /tmp/foo
- auditctl -e 0
- rm /tmp/foo (or mv)
Signed-off-by: Tony Jones <tonyj@suse.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The intervals of domains that do not have SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE must be
considered for the calculation of the time of the next balance. Otherwise
we may defer rebalancing forever.
Siddha also spotted that the conversion of the balance interval
to jiffies is missing. Fix that to.
From: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
also continue the loop if !(sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE).
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It did in fact trigger under all three of mainline, CFS, and -rt including CFS
-- see below for a couple of emails from last Friday giving results for these
three on the AMD box (where it happened) and on a single-quad NUMA-Q system
(where it did not, at least not with such severity).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
When a namespace is unshared, a refcount on the previous nsproxy is
abusively taken, leading to a memory leak of nsproxy objects.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
posix-timers which deliver an ignored signal are currently rearmed in
the timer softirq: This is necessary because the timer needs to be
delivered again when SIG_IGN is removed. This is not a problem, when
the interval is reasonable.
With high resolution timers enabled one might arm a posix timer with a
very small interval and ignore the signal. This might lead to a
softirq starvation when the interval is so small that the timer is
requeued onto the softirq pending list right away.
This problem was pointed out by Jan Kiszka. Thanks Jan !
The correct solution would be to stop the timer, when the signal is
ignored and rearm it when SIG_IGN is removed. Unfortunately this
requires modification in sigaction and involves non trivial sighand
locking. It's too late in the release cycle for such a change.
For now we just keep the timer running and enforce that the timer only
fires every jiffie. This does not break anything as we keep the
overrun counter correct. It adds a little inaccuracy to the
timer_gettime() interface, but...
The more complex change is necessary anyway to fix another short
coming of the current implementation, which I discovered while looking
at this problem: A pending signal is discarded when SIG_IGN is set. In
case that a posixtimer signal is pending then it is discarded as well,
but when SIG_IGN is removed later nothing rearms the timer. This is
not new, it's that way since posix timers have been merged. So nothing
to worry about right now.
I have a working solution to fix all of this, but the impact is too
large for both stable and 2.6.22. I'm going to send it out for review
in the next days.
This should go into 2.6.21.stable as well.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@web.de>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Stable Team <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes
more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to
wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop.
He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the
runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time -
while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first
core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an
interrupt handler).
This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically
without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end
result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short
section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption
event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start
over.
So the code now looks like this:
repeat:
/* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */
rq = task_rq(p);
while (task_running(rq, p))
cpu_relax();
/* Get the *real* values */
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
running = task_running(rq, p);
array = p->array;
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
/* Check them.. */
if (unlikely(running)) {
cpu_relax();
goto repeat;
}
/* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */
if (unlikely(array)) {
yield();
goto repeat;
}
Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any
locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process
might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but
we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()"
check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean
that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and
exit the loop early in the case of a race condition.
So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq
lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns
out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we
just go back and try it all again.
(The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it
all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding
the locks).
Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down.
Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Gene Heskett reported the following problem while testing CFS: SysRq-N
is not always effective in normalizing tasks back to SCHED_OTHER.
The reason for that turns out to be the following bug:
- normalize_rt_tasks() uses for_each_process() to iterate through all
tasks in the system. The problem is, this method does not iterate
through all tasks, it iterates through all thread groups.
The proper mechanism to enumerate over all threads is to use a
do_each_thread() + while_each_thread() loop.
Reported-by: Gene Heskett <gene.heskett@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Don't let signalfd dequeue private signals off other threads (in the
case of things like SIGILL or SIGSEGV, trying to do so would result
in undefined behaviour on who actually gets the signal, since they
are force unblocked).
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
This reverts commit d0aa7a70bf03b9de9e995ab272293be1f7937822.
It not only introduced user space visible changes to the futex syscall,
it is also non-functional and there is no way to fix it proper before
the 2.6.22 release.
The breakage report ( http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/5/12/17 ) went
unanswered, and unfortunately it turned out that the concept is not
feasible at all. It violates the rtmutex semantics badly by introducing
a virtual owner, which hacks around the coupling of the user-space
pi_futex and the kernel internal rt_mutex representation.
At the moment the only safe option is to remove it fully as it contains
user-space visible changes to broken kernel code, which we do not want
to expose in the 2.6.22 release.
The patch reverts the original patch mostly 1:1, but contains a couple
of trivial manual cleanups which were necessary due to patches, which
touched the same area of code later.
Verified against the glibc tests and my own PI futex tests.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Fix oops caused by 'cat /dev/snapshot', reported by Arkadiusz Miskiewicz,
and make it impossible to thaw tasks with the help of the swsusp userland
interface while there is a snapshot image ready to save.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The cpuset code to present a list of tasks using a cpuset to user space could
write to an array that it had kmalloc'd, after a kmalloc request of zero size.
The problem was that the code didn't check for writes past the allocated end
of the array until -after- the first write.
This is a race condition that is likely rare -- it would only show up if a
cpuset went from being empty to having a task in it, during the brief time
between the allocation and the first write.
Prior to roughly 2.6.22 kernels, this was also a benign problem, because a
zero kmalloc returned a few usable bytes anyway, and no harm was done with the
bogus write.
With the 2.6.22 kernel changes to make issue a warning if code tries to write
to the location returned from a zero size allocation, this problem is no
longer benign. This cpuset code would occassionally trigger that warning.
The fix is trivial -- check before storing into the array, not after, whether
the array is big enough to hold the store.
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
1. New entries can be added to tsk->pi_state_list after task completed
exit_pi_state_list(). The result is memory leakage and deadlocks.
2. handle_mm_fault() is called under spinlock. The result is obvious.
3. results in self-inflicted deadlock inside glibc.
Sometimes futex_lock_pi returns -ESRCH, when it is not expected
and glibc enters to for(;;) sleep() to simulate deadlock. This problem
is quite obvious and I think the patch is right. Though it looks like
each "if" in futex_lock_pi() got some stupid special case "else if". :-)
4. sometimes futex_lock_pi() returns -EDEADLK,
when nobody has the lock. The reason is also obvious (see comment
in the patch), but correct fix is far beyond my comprehension.
I guess someone already saw this, the chunk:
if (rt_mutex_trylock(&q.pi_state->pi_mutex))
ret = 0;
is obviously from the same opera. But it does not work, because the
rtmutex is really taken at this point: wake_futex_pi() of previous
owner reassigned it to us. My fix works. But it looks very stupid.
I would think about removal of shift of ownership in wake_futex_pi()
and making all the work in context of process taking lock.
From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fix 1) Avoid the tasklist lock variant of the exit race fix by adding
an additional state transition to the exit code.
This fixes also the issue, when a task with recursive segfaults
is not able to release the futexes.
Fix 2) Cleanup the lookup_pi_state() failure path and solve the -ESRCH
problem finally.
Fix 3) Solve the fixup_pi_state_owner() problem which needs to do the fixup
in the lock protected section by using the in_atomic userspace access
functions.
This removes also the ugly lock drop / unqueue inside of fixup_pi_state()
Fix 4) Fix a stale lock in the error path of futex_wake_pi()
Added some error checks for verification.
The -EDEADLK problem is solved by the rtmutex fixups.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Alexey Kuznetsov found some problems in the pi-futex code.
One of the root causes is:
When a wakeup happens, we do not to stop the chain walk so we follow a not
longer relevant locking chain.
Drop out when this happens.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Alexey Kuznetsov found some problems in the pi-futex code.
The major problem is a stale return value in rt_mutex_slowlock():
When the pi chain walk returns -EDEADLK, but the waiter was woken up during
the phases where the locks were dropped, the rtmutex could be acquired, but
due to the stale return value -EDEADLK returned to the caller.
Reset the return value in the retry path.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
This patch should get a few birds. It prevents sigaction calls from
clearing TIF_SIGPENDING in other threads, which could leak -ERESTART*.
And It fixes ptrace_stop not to clear it, which done at the syscall exit
stop could leak -ERESTART*. It probably removes the harm from signalfd,
at least assuming it never calls dequeue_signal on kernel threads that
might have used block_all_signals.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Make timer-stats have almost zero overhead when enabled in the config but
not used. (this way distros can enable it more easily)
Also update the documentation about overhead of timer_stats - it was
written for the first version which had a global lock and a linear list
walk based lookup ;-)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Fix two races in the timer stats lookup code. One by ensuring that the
initialization of a new entry is finished upon insertion of that entry.
The other by cleaning up the hash table when the entries array is cleared,
so that we don't have any "pre-inserted" entries.
Thanks to Eric Dumazet for reminding me of the memory barriers.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Steinbrink <B.Steinbrink@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ian Kumlien <pomac@vapor.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
When the private futex support was added the compat code wasn't changed.
The result is that code using compat code which fail, e.g., because the
timeout values are not correctly passed. The following patch should fix
that.
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
ugh, this function gets called by our unwinder. recursive backtrace for
the win... bisection to find this one was "fun."
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
get_next_timer_interrupt() returns a delta of (LONG_MAX > 1) in case
there is no timer pending. On 64 bit machines this results in a
multiplication overflow in tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick().
Reported by: Dave Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Make the return value a constant and limit the return value to a 32 bit
value.
When the max timeout value is returned, we can safely stop the tick
timer device. The max jiffies delta results in a 12 days timeout for
HZ=1000.
In the long term the get_next_timer_interrupt() code needs to be
reworked to return ktime instead of jiffies, but we have to wait until
the last users of the original NO_IDLE_HZ code are converted.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
With irqpoll enabled, trying to test the IRQF_IRQPOLL flag in the
actions would cause a NULL pointer dereference if no action was
installed (for example, the driver might have been unloaded with
interrupts still pending).
So be a bit more careful about testing the flag by making sure to test
for that case.
(The actual _change_ is trivial, the patch is more than a one-liner
because I rewrote the testing to also be much more readable.
Original (discarded) bugfix by Bernhard Walle.
Cc: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Tested-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The NOHZ patch contains a check for softirqs pending when a CPU goes idle.
The BUG is unrelated to NOHZ, it just was made visible by the NOHZ patch.
The BUG showed up mainly on P4 / hyperthreading enabled machines which lead
the investigations into the wrong direction in the first place. The real
cause is in cond_resched_softirq():
cond_resched_softirq() is enabling softirqs without invoking the softirq
daemon when softirqs are pending. This leads to the warning message in the
NOHZ idle code:
t1 runs softirq disabled code on CPU#0
interrupt happens, softirq is raised, but deferred (softirqs disabled)
t1 calls cond_resched_softirq()
enables softirqs via _local_bh_enable()
calls schedule()
t2 runs
t1 is migrated to CPU#1
t2 is done and invokes idle()
NOHZ detects the pending softirq
Fix: change _local_bh_enable() to local_bh_enable() so the softirq
daemon is invoked.
Thanks to Anant Nitya for debugging this with great patience !
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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