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2007-10-16uml: clean up tlb flush pathJeff Dike
Tidy the tlb flushing code. With tt mode gone, there is no reason to have the capability to have called directly from do_mmap, do_mprotect, and do_munmap, rather than calling a function pointer that it is given. There was a large amount of data that was passed from function to function, being used at the lowest level, without being changed. This stuff is now encapsulated in a structure which is initialized at the top layer and passed down. This simplifies the code, reduces the amount of code needed to pass the parameters around, and saves on stack space. A somewhat more subtle change is the meaning of the current operation index. It used to start at -1, being pre-incremented when adding an operation. It now starts at 0, being post-incremented, with associated adjustments of +/- 1 on comparisons. In addition, tlb.h contained a couple of declarations which had no users outside of tlb.c, so they could be moved or deleted. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-16uml: fold mmu_context_skas into mm_contextJeff Dike
This patch folds mmu_context_skas into struct mm_context, changing all users of these structures as needed. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07uml: more page fault path trimmingJeff Dike
More trimming of the page fault path. Permissions are passed around in a single int rather than one bit per int. The permission values are copied from libc so that they can be passed to mmap and mprotect without any further conversion. The register sets used by do_syscall_stub and copy_context_skas0 are initialized once, at boot time, rather than once per call. wait_stub_done checks whether it is getting the signals it expects by comparing the wait status to a mask containing bits for the signals of interest rather than comparing individually to the signal numbers. It also has one check for a wait failure instead of two. The caller is expected to do the initial continue of the stub. This gets rid of an argument and some logic. The fname argument is gone, as that can be had from a stack trace. user_signal() is collapsed into userspace() as it is basically one or two lines of code afterwards. The physical memory remapping stuff is gone, as it is unused. flush_tlb_page is inlined. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2005-10-29[PATCH] mm: uml kill unusedHugh Dickins
In worrying over the various pte operations in different architectures, I came across some unused functions in UML: remove mprotect_kernel_vm, protect_vm_page and addr_pte. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-05[PATCH] uml: skas0 stubs now check system call return valuesBodo Stroesser
Change syscall-stub's data to include a "expected retval". Stub now checks syscalls retval and aborts execution of syscall list, if retval != expected retval. run_syscall_stub prints the data of the failed syscall, using the data pointer and retval written by the stub to the beginning of the stack. one_syscall_stub is removed, to simplify code, because only some instructions are saved by one_syscall_stub, no host-syscall. Using the stub with additional data (modify_ldt via stub) is prepared also. Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-05[PATCH] uml: TLB operation batchingJeff Dike
This adds VM op batching to skas0. Rather than having a context switch to and from the userspace stub for each address space change, we write a number of operations to the stub data page and invoke a different stub which loops over them and executes them all in one go. The operations are stored as [ system call number, arg1, arg2, ... ] tuples. The set is terminated by a system call number of 0. Single operations, i.e. page faults, are handled in the old way, since that is slightly more efficient. For a kernel build, a minority (~1/4) of the operations are part of a set. These sets averaged ~100 in length, so for this quarter, the context switching overhead is greatly reduced. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-07-07[PATCH] uml: skas0 - separate kernel address space on stock hostsJeff Dike
UML has had two modes of operation - an insecure, slow mode (tt mode) in which the kernel is mapped into every process address space which requires no host kernel modifications, and a secure, faster mode (skas mode) in which the UML kernel is in a separate host address space, which requires a patch to the host kernel. This patch implements something very close to skas mode for hosts which don't support skas - I'm calling this skas0. It provides the security of the skas host patch, and some of the performance gains. The two main things that are provided by the skas patch, /proc/mm and PTRACE_FAULTINFO, are implemented in a way that require no host patch. For the remote address space changing stuff (mmap, munmap, and mprotect), we set aside two pages in the process above its stack, one of which contains a little bit of code which can call mmap et al. To update the address space, the system call information (system call number and arguments) are written to the stub page above the code. The %esp is set to the beginning of the data, the %eip is set the the start of the stub, and it repeatedly pops the information into its registers and makes the system call until it sees a system call number of zero. This is to amortize the cost of the context switch across multiple address space updates. When the updates are done, it SIGSTOPs itself, and the kernel process continues what it was doing. For a PTRACE_FAULTINFO replacement, we set up a SIGSEGV handler in the child, and let it handle segfaults rather than nullifying them. The handler is in the same page as the mmap stub. The second page is used as the stack. The handler reads cr2 and err from the sigcontext, sticks them at the base of the stack in a faultinfo struct, and SIGSTOPs itself. The kernel then reads the faultinfo and handles the fault. A complication on x86_64 is that this involves resetting the registers to the segfault values when the process is inside the kill system call. This breaks on x86_64 because %rcx will contain %rip because you tell SYSRET where to return to by putting the value in %rcx. So, this corrupts $rcx on return from the segfault. To work around this, I added an arch_finish_segv, which on x86 does nothing, but which on x86_64 ptraces the child back through the sigreturn. This causes %rcx to be restored by sigreturn and avoids the corruption. Ultimately, I think I will replace this with the trick of having it send itself a blocked signal which will be unblocked by the sigreturn. This will allow it to be stopped just after the sigreturn, and PTRACE_SYSCALLed without all the back-and-forth of PTRACE_SYSCALLing it through sigreturn. This runs on a stock host, so theoretically (and hopefully), tt mode isn't needed any more. We need to make sure that this is better in every way than tt mode, though. I'm concerned about the speed of address space updates and page fault handling, since they involve extra round-trips to the child. We can amortize the round-trip cost for large address space updates by writing all of the operations to the data page and having the child execute them all at the same time. This will help fork and exec, but not page faults, since they involve only one page. I can't think of any way to help page faults, except to add something like PTRACE_FAULTINFO to the host. There is PTRACE_SIGINFO, but UML doesn't use siginfo for SIGSEGV (or anything else) because there isn't enough information in the siginfo struct to handle page faults (the faulting operation type is missing). Adding that would make PTRACE_SIGINFO a usable equivalent to PTRACE_FAULTINFO. As for the code itself: - The system call stub is in arch/um/kernel/sys-$(SUBARCH)/stub.S. It is put in its own section of the binary along with stub_segv_handler in arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c. This is manipulated with run_syscall_stub in arch/um/kernel/skas/mem_user.c. syscall_stub will execute any system call at all, but it's only used for mmap, munmap, and mprotect. - The x86_64 stub calls sigreturn by hand rather than allowing the normal sigreturn to happen, because the normal sigreturn is a SA_RESTORER in UML's address space provided by libc. Needless to say, this is not available in the child's address space. Also, it does a couple of odd pops before that which restore the stack to the state it was in at the time the signal handler was called. - There is a new field in the arch mmu_context, which is now a union. This is the pid to be manipulated rather than the /proc/mm file descriptor. Code which deals with this now checks proc_mm to see whether it should use the usual skas code or the new code. - userspace_tramp is now used to create a new host process for every UML process, rather than one per UML processor. It checks proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo to decide whether to map in the pages above its stack. - start_userspace now makes CLONE_VM conditional on proc_mm since we need separate address spaces now. - switch_mm_skas now just sets userspace_pid[0] to the new pid rather than PTRACE_SWITCH_MM. There is an addition to userspace which updates its idea of the pid being manipulated each time around the loop. This is important on exec, when the pid will change underneath userspace(). - The stub page has a pte, but it can't be mapped in using tlb_flush because it is part of tlb_flush. This is why it's required for it to be mapped in by userspace_tramp. Other random things: - The stub section in uml.lds.S is page aligned. This page is written out to the backing vm file in setup_physmem because it is mapped from there into user processes. - There's some confusion with TASK_SIZE now that there are a couple of extra pages that the process can't use. TASK_SIZE is considered by the elf code to be the usable process memory, which is reasonable, so it is decreased by two pages. This confuses the definition of USER_PGDS_IN_LAST_PML4, making it too small because of the rounding down of the uneven division. So we round it to the nearest PGDIR_SIZE rather than the lower one. - I added a missing PT_SYSCALL_ARG6_OFFSET macro. - um_mmu.h was made into a userspace-usable file. - proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo are globals which say whether the host supports these features. - There is a bad interaction between the mm.nr_ptes check at the end of exit_mmap, stack randomization, and skas0. exit_mmap will stop freeing pages at the PGDIR_SIZE boundary after the last vma. If the stack isn't on the last page table page, the last pte page won't be freed, as it should be since the stub ptes are there, and exit_mmap will BUG because there is an unfreed page. To get around this, TASK_SIZE is set to the next lowest PGDIR_SIZE boundary and mm->nr_ptes is decremented after the calls to init_stub_pte. This ensures that we know the process stack (and all other process mappings) will be below the top page table page, and thus we know that mm->nr_ptes will be one too many, and can be decremented. Things that need fixing: - We may need better assurrences that the stub code is PIC. - The stub pte is set up in init_new_context_skas. - alloc_pgdir is probably the right place. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!