diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'mm')
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/backing-dev.c | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/page-writeback.c | 704 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/vmscan.c | 3 |
3 files changed, 560 insertions, 154 deletions
diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c index 7520ef0bfd4..a0860640378 100644 --- a/mm/backing-dev.c +++ b/mm/backing-dev.c @@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) "BdiDirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n" "DirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n" "BackgroundThresh: %10lu kB\n" + "BdiDirtied: %10lu kB\n" "BdiWritten: %10lu kB\n" "BdiWriteBandwidth: %10lu kBps\n" "b_dirty: %10lu\n" @@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) K(bdi_thresh), K(dirty_thresh), K(background_thresh), + (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_DIRTIED)), (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITTEN)), (unsigned long) K(bdi->write_bandwidth), nr_dirty, @@ -473,7 +475,8 @@ static int bdi_forker_thread(void *ptr) * the bdi from the thread. Hopefully 1024 is * large enough for efficient IO. */ - writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, 1024); + writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, 1024, + WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD); } else { /* * The spinlock makes sure we do not lose @@ -683,6 +686,8 @@ int bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) bdi->bw_time_stamp = jiffies; bdi->written_stamp = 0; + bdi->balanced_dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW; + bdi->dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW; bdi->write_bandwidth = INIT_BW; bdi->avg_write_bandwidth = INIT_BW; diff --git a/mm/page-writeback.c b/mm/page-writeback.c index 793e9874de5..9c31199dae9 100644 --- a/mm/page-writeback.c +++ b/mm/page-writeback.c @@ -46,26 +46,14 @@ */ #define BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL max(HZ/5, 1) +#define RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT 10 + /* * After a CPU has dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited * will look to see if it needs to force writeback or throttling. */ static long ratelimit_pages = 32; -/* - * When balance_dirty_pages decides that the caller needs to perform some - * non-background writeback, this is how many pages it will attempt to write. - * It should be somewhat larger than dirtied pages to ensure that reasonably - * large amounts of I/O are submitted. - */ -static inline long sync_writeback_pages(unsigned long dirtied) -{ - if (dirtied < ratelimit_pages) - dirtied = ratelimit_pages; - - return dirtied + dirtied / 2; -} - /* The following parameters are exported via /proc/sys/vm */ /* @@ -167,6 +155,8 @@ static void update_completion_period(void) int shift = calc_period_shift(); prop_change_shift(&vm_completions, shift); prop_change_shift(&vm_dirties, shift); + + writeback_set_ratelimit(); } int dirty_background_ratio_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, @@ -260,50 +250,6 @@ static void bdi_writeout_fraction(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, numerator, denominator); } -static inline void task_dirties_fraction(struct task_struct *tsk, - long *numerator, long *denominator) -{ - prop_fraction_single(&vm_dirties, &tsk->dirties, - numerator, denominator); -} - -/* - * task_dirty_limit - scale down dirty throttling threshold for one task - * - * task specific dirty limit: - * - * dirty -= (dirty/8) * p_{t} - * - * To protect light/slow dirtying tasks from heavier/fast ones, we start - * throttling individual tasks before reaching the bdi dirty limit. - * Relatively low thresholds will be allocated to heavy dirtiers. So when - * dirty pages grow large, heavy dirtiers will be throttled first, which will - * effectively curb the growth of dirty pages. Light dirtiers with high enough - * dirty threshold may never get throttled. - */ -#define TASK_LIMIT_FRACTION 8 -static unsigned long task_dirty_limit(struct task_struct *tsk, - unsigned long bdi_dirty) -{ - long numerator, denominator; - unsigned long dirty = bdi_dirty; - u64 inv = dirty / TASK_LIMIT_FRACTION; - - task_dirties_fraction(tsk, &numerator, &denominator); - inv *= numerator; - do_div(inv, denominator); - - dirty -= inv; - - return max(dirty, bdi_dirty/2); -} - -/* Minimum limit for any task */ -static unsigned long task_min_dirty_limit(unsigned long bdi_dirty) -{ - return bdi_dirty - bdi_dirty / TASK_LIMIT_FRACTION; -} - /* * bdi_min_ratio keeps the sum of the minimum dirty shares of all * registered backing devices, which, for obvious reasons, can not @@ -413,6 +359,12 @@ unsigned long determine_dirtyable_memory(void) return x + 1; /* Ensure that we never return 0 */ } +static unsigned long dirty_freerun_ceiling(unsigned long thresh, + unsigned long bg_thresh) +{ + return (thresh + bg_thresh) / 2; +} + static unsigned long hard_dirty_limit(unsigned long thresh) { return max(thresh, global_dirty_limit); @@ -497,6 +449,198 @@ unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned long dirty) return bdi_dirty; } +/* + * Dirty position control. + * + * (o) global/bdi setpoints + * + * We want the dirty pages be balanced around the global/bdi setpoints. + * When the number of dirty pages is higher/lower than the setpoint, the + * dirty position control ratio (and hence task dirty ratelimit) will be + * decreased/increased to bring the dirty pages back to the setpoint. + * + * pos_ratio = 1 << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT + * + * if (dirty < setpoint) scale up pos_ratio + * if (dirty > setpoint) scale down pos_ratio + * + * if (bdi_dirty < bdi_setpoint) scale up pos_ratio + * if (bdi_dirty > bdi_setpoint) scale down pos_ratio + * + * task_ratelimit = dirty_ratelimit * pos_ratio >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT + * + * (o) global control line + * + * ^ pos_ratio + * | + * | |<===== global dirty control scope ======>| + * 2.0 .............* + * | .* + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * 1.0 ................................* + * | . . * + * | . . * + * | . . * + * | . . * + * | . . * + * 0 +------------.------------------.----------------------*-------------> + * freerun^ setpoint^ limit^ dirty pages + * + * (o) bdi control line + * + * ^ pos_ratio + * | + * | * + * | * + * | * + * | * + * | * |<=========== span ============>| + * 1.0 .......................* + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * | . * + * 1/4 ...............................................* * * * * * * * * * * * + * | . . + * | . . + * | . . + * 0 +----------------------.-------------------------------.-------------> + * bdi_setpoint^ x_intercept^ + * + * The bdi control line won't drop below pos_ratio=1/4, so that bdi_dirty can + * be smoothly throttled down to normal if it starts high in situations like + * - start writing to a slow SD card and a fast disk at the same time. The SD + * card's bdi_dirty may rush to many times higher than bdi_setpoint. + * - the bdi dirty thresh drops quickly due to change of JBOD workload + */ +static unsigned long bdi_position_ratio(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + unsigned long thresh, + unsigned long bg_thresh, + unsigned long dirty, + unsigned long bdi_thresh, + unsigned long bdi_dirty) +{ + unsigned long write_bw = bdi->avg_write_bandwidth; + unsigned long freerun = dirty_freerun_ceiling(thresh, bg_thresh); + unsigned long limit = hard_dirty_limit(thresh); + unsigned long x_intercept; + unsigned long setpoint; /* dirty pages' target balance point */ + unsigned long bdi_setpoint; + unsigned long span; + long long pos_ratio; /* for scaling up/down the rate limit */ + long x; + + if (unlikely(dirty >= limit)) + return 0; + + /* + * global setpoint + * + * setpoint - dirty 3 + * f(dirty) := 1.0 + (----------------) + * limit - setpoint + * + * it's a 3rd order polynomial that subjects to + * + * (1) f(freerun) = 2.0 => rampup dirty_ratelimit reasonably fast + * (2) f(setpoint) = 1.0 => the balance point + * (3) f(limit) = 0 => the hard limit + * (4) df/dx <= 0 => negative feedback control + * (5) the closer to setpoint, the smaller |df/dx| (and the reverse) + * => fast response on large errors; small oscillation near setpoint + */ + setpoint = (freerun + limit) / 2; + x = div_s64((setpoint - dirty) << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT, + limit - setpoint + 1); + pos_ratio = x; + pos_ratio = pos_ratio * x >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT; + pos_ratio = pos_ratio * x >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT; + pos_ratio += 1 << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT; + + /* + * We have computed basic pos_ratio above based on global situation. If + * the bdi is over/under its share of dirty pages, we want to scale + * pos_ratio further down/up. That is done by the following mechanism. + */ + + /* + * bdi setpoint + * + * f(bdi_dirty) := 1.0 + k * (bdi_dirty - bdi_setpoint) + * + * x_intercept - bdi_dirty + * := -------------------------- + * x_intercept - bdi_setpoint + * + * The main bdi control line is a linear function that subjects to + * + * (1) f(bdi_setpoint) = 1.0 + * (2) k = - 1 / (8 * write_bw) (in single bdi case) + * or equally: x_intercept = bdi_setpoint + 8 * write_bw + * + * For single bdi case, the dirty pages are observed to fluctuate + * regularly within range + * [bdi_setpoint - write_bw/2, bdi_setpoint + write_bw/2] + * for various filesystems, where (2) can yield in a reasonable 12.5% + * fluctuation range for pos_ratio. + * + * For JBOD case, bdi_thresh (not bdi_dirty!) could fluctuate up to its + * own size, so move the slope over accordingly and choose a slope that + * yields 100% pos_ratio fluctuation on suddenly doubled bdi_thresh. + */ + if (unlikely(bdi_thresh > thresh)) + bdi_thresh = thresh; + bdi_thresh = max(bdi_thresh, (limit - dirty) / 8); + /* + * scale global setpoint to bdi's: + * bdi_setpoint = setpoint * bdi_thresh / thresh + */ + x = div_u64((u64)bdi_thresh << 16, thresh + 1); + bdi_setpoint = setpoint * (u64)x >> 16; + /* + * Use span=(8*write_bw) in single bdi case as indicated by + * (thresh - bdi_thresh ~= 0) and transit to bdi_thresh in JBOD case. + * + * bdi_thresh thresh - bdi_thresh + * span = ---------- * (8 * write_bw) + ------------------- * bdi_thresh + * thresh thresh + */ + span = (thresh - bdi_thresh + 8 * write_bw) * (u64)x >> 16; + x_intercept = bdi_setpoint + span; + + if (bdi_dirty < x_intercept - span / 4) { + pos_ratio = div_u64(pos_ratio * (x_intercept - bdi_dirty), + x_intercept - bdi_setpoint + 1); + } else + pos_ratio /= 4; + + /* + * bdi reserve area, safeguard against dirty pool underrun and disk idle + * It may push the desired control point of global dirty pages higher + * than setpoint. + */ + x_intercept = bdi_thresh / 2; + if (bdi_dirty < x_intercept) { + if (bdi_dirty > x_intercept / 8) + pos_ratio = div_u64(pos_ratio * x_intercept, bdi_dirty); + else + pos_ratio *= 8; + } + + return pos_ratio; +} + static void bdi_update_write_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned long elapsed, unsigned long written) @@ -593,8 +737,153 @@ static void global_update_bandwidth(unsigned long thresh, spin_unlock(&dirty_lock); } +/* + * Maintain bdi->dirty_ratelimit, the base dirty throttle rate. + * + * Normal bdi tasks will be curbed at or below it in long term. + * Obviously it should be around (write_bw / N) when there are N dd tasks. + */ +static void bdi_update_dirty_ratelimit(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + unsigned long thresh, + unsigned long bg_thresh, + unsigned long dirty, + unsigned long bdi_thresh, + unsigned long bdi_dirty, + unsigned long dirtied, + unsigned long elapsed) +{ + unsigned long freerun = dirty_freerun_ceiling(thresh, bg_thresh); + unsigned long limit = hard_dirty_limit(thresh); + unsigned long setpoint = (freerun + limit) / 2; + unsigned long write_bw = bdi->avg_write_bandwidth; + unsigned long dirty_ratelimit = bdi->dirty_ratelimit; + unsigned long dirty_rate; + unsigned long task_ratelimit; + unsigned long balanced_dirty_ratelimit; + unsigned long pos_ratio; + unsigned long step; + unsigned long x; + + /* + * The dirty rate will match the writeout rate in long term, except + * when dirty pages are truncated by userspace or re-dirtied by FS. + */ + dirty_rate = (dirtied - bdi->dirtied_stamp) * HZ / elapsed; + + pos_ratio = bdi_position_ratio(bdi, thresh, bg_thresh, dirty, + bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty); + /* + * task_ratelimit reflects each dd's dirty rate for the past 200ms. + */ + task_ratelimit = (u64)dirty_ratelimit * + pos_ratio >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT; + task_ratelimit++; /* it helps rampup dirty_ratelimit from tiny values */ + + /* + * A linear estimation of the "balanced" throttle rate. The theory is, + * if there are N dd tasks, each throttled at task_ratelimit, the bdi's + * dirty_rate will be measured to be (N * task_ratelimit). So the below + * formula will yield the balanced rate limit (write_bw / N). + * + * Note that the expanded form is not a pure rate feedback: + * rate_(i+1) = rate_(i) * (write_bw / dirty_rate) (1) + * but also takes pos_ratio into account: + * rate_(i+1) = rate_(i) * (write_bw / dirty_rate) * pos_ratio (2) + * + * (1) is not realistic because pos_ratio also takes part in balancing + * the dirty rate. Consider the state + * pos_ratio = 0.5 (3) + * rate = 2 * (write_bw / N) (4) + * If (1) is used, it will stuck in that state! Because each dd will + * be throttled at + * task_ratelimit = pos_ratio * rate = (write_bw / N) (5) + * yielding + * dirty_rate = N * task_ratelimit = write_bw (6) + * put (6) into (1) we get + * rate_(i+1) = rate_(i) (7) + * + * So we end up using (2) to always keep + * rate_(i+1) ~= (write_bw / N) (8) + * regardless of the value of pos_ratio. As long as (8) is satisfied, + * pos_ratio is able to drive itself to 1.0, which is not only where + * the dirty count meet the setpoint, but also where the slope of + * pos_ratio is most flat and hence task_ratelimit is least fluctuated. + */ + balanced_dirty_ratelimit = div_u64((u64)task_ratelimit * write_bw, + dirty_rate | 1); + + /* + * We could safely do this and return immediately: + * + * bdi->dirty_ratelimit = balanced_dirty_ratelimit; + * + * However to get a more stable dirty_ratelimit, the below elaborated + * code makes use of task_ratelimit to filter out sigular points and + * limit the step size. + * + * The below code essentially only uses the relative value of + * + * task_ratelimit - dirty_ratelimit + * = (pos_ratio - 1) * dirty_ratelimit + * + * which reflects the direction and size of dirty position error. + */ + + /* + * dirty_ratelimit will follow balanced_dirty_ratelimit iff + * task_ratelimit is on the same side of dirty_ratelimit, too. + * For example, when + * - dirty_ratelimit > balanced_dirty_ratelimit + * - dirty_ratelimit > task_ratelimit (dirty pages are above setpoint) + * lowering dirty_ratelimit will help meet both the position and rate + * control targets. Otherwise, don't update dirty_ratelimit if it will + * only help meet the rate target. After all, what the users ultimately + * feel and care are stable dirty rate and small position error. + * + * |task_ratelimit - dirty_ratelimit| is used to limit the step size + * and filter out the sigular points of balanced_dirty_ratelimit. Which + * keeps jumping around randomly and can even leap far away at times + * due to the small 200ms estimation period of dirty_rate (we want to + * keep that period small to reduce time lags). + */ + step = 0; + if (dirty < setpoint) { + x = min(bdi->balanced_dirty_ratelimit, + min(balanced_dirty_ratelimit, task_ratelimit)); + if (dirty_ratelimit < x) + step = x - dirty_ratelimit; + } else { + x = max(bdi->balanced_dirty_ratelimit, + max(balanced_dirty_ratelimit, task_ratelimit)); + if (dirty_ratelimit > x) + step = dirty_ratelimit - x; + } + + /* + * Don't pursue 100% rate matching. It's impossible since the balanced + * rate itself is constantly fluctuating. So decrease the track speed + * when it gets close to the target. Helps eliminate pointless tremors. + */ + step >>= dirty_ratelimit / (2 * step + 1); + /* + * Limit the tracking speed to avoid overshooting. + */ + step = (step + 7) / 8; + + if (dirty_ratelimit < balanced_dirty_ratelimit) + dirty_ratelimit += step; + else + dirty_ratelimit -= step; + + bdi->dirty_ratelimit = max(dirty_ratelimit, 1UL); + bdi->balanced_dirty_ratelimit = balanced_dirty_ratelimit; + + trace_bdi_dirty_ratelimit(bdi, dirty_rate, task_ratelimit); +} + void __bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned long thresh, + unsigned long bg_thresh, unsigned long dirty, unsigned long bdi_thresh, unsigned long bdi_dirty, @@ -602,6 +891,7 @@ void __bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, { unsigned long now = jiffies; unsigned long elapsed = now - bdi->bw_time_stamp; + unsigned long dirtied; unsigned long written; /* @@ -610,6 +900,7 @@ void __bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, if (elapsed < BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL) return; + dirtied = percpu_counter_read(&bdi->bdi_stat[BDI_DIRTIED]); written = percpu_counter_read(&bdi->bdi_stat[BDI_WRITTEN]); /* @@ -619,18 +910,23 @@ void __bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, if (elapsed > HZ && time_before(bdi->bw_time_stamp, start_time)) goto snapshot; - if (thresh) + if (thresh) { global_update_bandwidth(thresh, dirty, now); - + bdi_update_dirty_ratelimit(bdi, thresh, bg_thresh, dirty, + bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty, + dirtied, elapsed); + } bdi_update_write_bandwidth(bdi, elapsed, written); snapshot: + bdi->dirtied_stamp = dirtied; bdi->written_stamp = written; bdi->bw_time_stamp = now; } static void bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned long thresh, + unsigned long bg_thresh, unsigned long dirty, unsigned long bdi_thresh, unsigned long bdi_dirty, @@ -639,37 +935,99 @@ static void bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, if (time_is_after_eq_jiffies(bdi->bw_time_stamp + BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL)) return; spin_lock(&bdi->wb.list_lock); - __bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, thresh, dirty, bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty, - start_time); + __bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, thresh, bg_thresh, dirty, + bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty, start_time); spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock); } /* + * After a task dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr() + * will look to see if it needs to start dirty throttling. + * + * If dirty_poll_interval is too low, big NUMA machines will call the expensive + * global_page_state() too often. So scale it near-sqrt to the safety margin + * (the number of pages we may dirty without exceeding the dirty limits). + */ +static unsigned long dirty_poll_interval(unsigned long dirty, + unsigned long thresh) +{ + if (thresh > dirty) + return 1UL << (ilog2(thresh - dirty) >> 1); + + return 1; +} + +static unsigned long bdi_max_pause(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + unsigned long bdi_dirty) +{ + unsigned long bw = bdi->avg_write_bandwidth; + unsigned long hi = ilog2(bw); + unsigned long lo = ilog2(bdi->dirty_ratelimit); + unsigned long t; + + /* target for 20ms max pause on 1-dd case */ + t = HZ / 50; + + /* + * Scale up pause time for concurrent dirtiers in order to reduce CPU + * overheads. + * + * (N * 20ms) on 2^N concurrent tasks. + */ + if (hi > lo) + t += (hi - lo) * (20 * HZ) / 1024; + + /* + * Limit pause time for small memory systems. If sleeping for too long + * time, a small pool of dirty/writeback pages may go empty and disk go + * idle. + * + * 8 serves as the safety ratio. + */ + if (bdi_dirty) + t = min(t, bdi_dirty * HZ / (8 * bw + 1)); + + /* + * The pause time will be settled within range (max_pause/4, max_pause). + * Apply a minimal value of 4 to get a non-zero max_pause/4. + */ + return clamp_val(t, 4, MAX_PAUSE); +} + +/* * balance_dirty_pages() must be called by processes which are generating dirty * data. It looks at the number of dirty pages in the machine and will force - * the caller to perform writeback if the system is over `vm_dirty_ratio'. + * the caller to wait once crossing the (background_thresh + dirty_thresh) / 2. * If we're over `background_thresh' then the writeback threads are woken to * perform some writeout. */ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping, - unsigned long write_chunk) + unsigned long pages_dirtied) { - unsigned long nr_reclaimable, bdi_nr_reclaimable; + unsigned long nr_reclaimable; /* = file_dirty + unstable_nfs */ + unsigned long bdi_reclaimable; unsigned long nr_dirty; /* = file_dirty + writeback + unstable_nfs */ unsigned long bdi_dirty; + unsigned long freerun; unsigned long background_thresh; unsigned long dirty_thresh; unsigned long bdi_thresh; - unsigned long task_bdi_thresh; - unsigned long min_task_bdi_thresh; - unsigned long pages_written = 0; - unsigned long pause = 1; + long pause = 0; + long uninitialized_var(max_pause); bool dirty_exceeded = false; - bool clear_dirty_exceeded = true; + unsigned long task_ratelimit; + unsigned long uninitialized_var(dirty_ratelimit); + unsigned long pos_ratio; struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info; unsigned long start_time = jiffies; for (;;) { + /* + * Unstable writes are a feature of certain networked + * filesystems (i.e. NFS) in which data may have been + * written to the server's write cache, but has not yet + * been flushed to permanent storage. + */ nr_reclaimable = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) + global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS); nr_dirty = nr_reclaimable + global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK); @@ -681,12 +1039,28 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping, * catch-up. This avoids (excessively) small writeouts * when the bdi limits are ramping up. */ - if (nr_dirty <= (background_thresh + dirty_thresh) / 2) + freerun = dirty_freerun_ceiling(dirty_thresh, + background_thresh); + if (nr_dirty <= freerun) break; + if (unlikely(!writeback_in_progress(bdi))) + bdi_start_background_writeback(bdi); + + /* + * bdi_thresh is not treated as some limiting factor as + * dirty_thresh, due to reasons + * - in JBOD setup, bdi_thresh can fluctuate a lot + * - in a system with HDD and USB key, the USB key may somehow + * go into state (bdi_dirty >> bdi_thresh) either because + * bdi_dirty starts high, or because bdi_thresh drops low. + * In this case we don't want to hard throttle the USB key + * dirtiers for 100 seconds until bdi_dirty drops under + * bdi_thresh. Instead the auxiliary bdi control line in + * bdi_position_ratio() will let the dirtier task progress + * at some rate <= (write_bw / 2) for bringing down bdi_dirty. + */ bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh); - min_task_bdi_thresh = task_min_dirty_limit(bdi_thresh); - task_bdi_thresh = task_dirty_limit(current, bdi_thresh); /* * In order to avoid the stacked BDI deadlock we need @@ -698,56 +1072,69 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping, * actually dirty; with m+n sitting in the percpu * deltas. */ - if (task_bdi_thresh < 2 * bdi_stat_error(bdi)) { - bdi_nr_reclaimable = bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); - bdi_dirty = bdi_nr_reclaimable + + if (bdi_thresh < 2 * bdi_stat_error(bdi)) { + bdi_reclaimable = bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); + bdi_dirty = bdi_reclaimable + bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK); } else { - bdi_nr_reclaimable = bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); - bdi_dirty = bdi_nr_reclaimable + + bdi_reclaimable = bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); + bdi_dirty = bdi_reclaimable + bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK); } - /* - * The bdi thresh is somehow "soft" limit derived from the - * global "hard" limit. The former helps to prevent heavy IO - * bdi or process from holding back light ones; The latter is - * the last resort safeguard. - */ - dirty_exceeded = (bdi_dirty > task_bdi_thresh) || + dirty_exceeded = (bdi_dirty > bdi_thresh) || (nr_dirty > dirty_thresh); - clear_dirty_exceeded = (bdi_dirty <= min_task_bdi_thresh) && - (nr_dirty <= dirty_thresh); - - if (!dirty_exceeded) - break; - - if (!bdi->dirty_exceeded) + if (dirty_exceeded && !bdi->dirty_exceeded) bdi->dirty_exceeded = 1; - bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, dirty_thresh, nr_dirty, - bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty, start_time); + bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, dirty_thresh, background_thresh, + nr_dirty, bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty, + start_time); - /* Note: nr_reclaimable denotes nr_dirty + nr_unstable. - * Unstable writes are a feature of certain networked - * filesystems (i.e. NFS) in which data may have been - * written to the server's write cache, but has not yet - * been flushed to permanent storage. - * Only move pages to writeback if this bdi is over its - * threshold otherwise wait until the disk writes catch - * up. - */ - trace_balance_dirty_start(bdi); - if (bdi_nr_reclaimable > task_bdi_thresh) { - pages_written += writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, - write_chunk); - trace_balance_dirty_written(bdi, pages_written); - if (pages_written >= write_chunk) - break; /* We've done our duty */ + max_pause = bdi_max_pause(bdi, bdi_dirty); + + dirty_ratelimit = bdi->dirty_ratelimit; + pos_ratio = bdi_position_ratio(bdi, dirty_thresh, + background_thresh, nr_dirty, + bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty); + if (unlikely(pos_ratio == 0)) { + pause = max_pause; + goto pause; + } + task_ratelimit = (u64)dirty_ratelimit * + pos_ratio >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT; + pause = (HZ * pages_dirtied) / (task_ratelimit | 1); + if (unlikely(pause <= 0)) { + trace_balance_dirty_pages(bdi, + dirty_thresh, + background_thresh, + nr_dirty, + bdi_thresh, + bdi_dirty, + dirty_ratelimit, + task_ratelimit, + pages_dirtied, + pause, + start_time); + pause = 1; /* avoid resetting nr_dirtied_pause below */ + break; } + pause = min(pause, max_pause); + +pause: + trace_balance_dirty_pages(bdi, + dirty_thresh, + background_thresh, + nr_dirty, + bdi_thresh, + bdi_dirty, + dirty_ratelimit, + task_ratelimit, + pages_dirtied, + pause, + start_time); __set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); io_schedule_timeout(pause); - trace_balance_dirty_wait(bdi); dirty_thresh = hard_dirty_limit(dirty_thresh); /* @@ -756,24 +1143,30 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping, * 200ms is typically more than enough to curb heavy dirtiers; * (b) the pause time limit makes the dirtiers more responsive. */ - if (nr_dirty < dirty_thresh && - bdi_dirty < (task_bdi_thresh + bdi_thresh) / 2 && - time_after(jiffies, start_time + MAX_PAUSE)) + if (nr_dirty < dirty_thresh) break; - - /* - * Increase the delay for each loop, up to our previous - * default of taking a 100ms nap. - */ - pause <<= 1; - if (pause > HZ / 10) - pause = HZ / 10; } - /* Clear dirty_exceeded flag only when no task can exceed the limit */ - if (clear_dirty_exceeded && bdi->dirty_exceeded) + if (!dirty_exceeded && bdi->dirty_exceeded) bdi->dirty_exceeded = 0; + current->nr_dirtied = 0; + if (pause == 0) { /* in freerun area */ + current->nr_dirtied_pause = + dirty_poll_interval(nr_dirty, dirty_thresh); + } else if (pause <= max_pause / 4 && + pages_dirtied >= current->nr_dirtied_pause) { + current->nr_dirtied_pause = clamp_val( + dirty_ratelimit * (max_pause / 2) / HZ, + pages_dirtied + pages_dirtied / 8, + pages_dirtied * 4); + } else if (pause >= max_pause) { + current->nr_dirtied_pause = 1 | clamp_val( + dirty_ratelimit * (max_pause / 2) / HZ, + pages_dirtied / 4, + pages_dirtied - pages_dirtied / 8); + } + if (writeback_in_progress(bdi)) return; @@ -785,8 +1178,10 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping, * In normal mode, we start background writeout at the lower * background_thresh, to keep the amount of dirty memory low. */ - if ((laptop_mode && pages_written) || - (!laptop_mode && (nr_reclaimable > background_thresh))) + if (laptop_mode) + return; + + if (nr_reclaimable > background_thresh) bdi_start_background_writeback(bdi); } @@ -800,7 +1195,7 @@ void set_page_dirty_balance(struct page *page, int page_mkwrite) } } -static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, bdp_ratelimits) = 0; +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, bdp_ratelimits); /** * balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr - balance dirty memory state @@ -820,31 +1215,39 @@ void balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(struct address_space *mapping, unsigned long nr_pages_dirtied) { struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info; - unsigned long ratelimit; - unsigned long *p; + int ratelimit; + int *p; if (!bdi_cap_account_dirty(bdi)) return; - ratelimit = ratelimit_pages; - if (mapping->backing_dev_info->dirty_exceeded) - ratelimit = 8; + ratelimit = current->nr_dirtied_pause; + if (bdi->dirty_exceeded) + ratelimit = min(ratelimit, 32 >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10)); + + current->nr_dirtied += nr_pages_dirtied; + preempt_disable(); /* - * Check the rate limiting. Also, we do not want to throttle real-time - * tasks in balance_dirty_pages(). Period. + * This prevents one CPU to accumulate too many dirtied pages without + * calling into balance_dirty_pages(), which can happen when there are + * 1000+ tasks, all of them start dirtying pages at exactly the same + * time, hence all honoured too large initial task->nr_dirtied_pause. */ - preempt_disable(); p = &__get_cpu_var(bdp_ratelimits); - *p += nr_pages_dirtied; - if (unlikely(*p >= ratelimit)) { - ratelimit = sync_writeback_pages(*p); + if (unlikely(current->nr_dirtied >= ratelimit)) *p = 0; - preempt_enable(); - balance_dirty_pages(mapping, ratelimit); - return; + else { + *p += nr_pages_dirtied; + if (unlikely(*p >= ratelimit_pages)) { + *p = 0; + ratelimit = 0; + } } preempt_enable(); + + if (unlikely(current->nr_dirtied >= ratelimit)) + balance_dirty_pages(mapping, current->nr_dirtied); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr); @@ -900,7 +1303,8 @@ void laptop_mode_timer_fn(unsigned long data) * threshold */ if (bdi_has_dirty_io(&q->backing_dev_info)) - bdi_start_writeback(&q->backing_dev_info, nr_pages); + bdi_start_writeback(&q->backing_dev_info, nr_pages, + WB_REASON_LAPTOP_TIMER); } /* @@ -939,22 +1343,17 @@ void laptop_sync_completion(void) * * Here we set ratelimit_pages to a level which ensures that when all CPUs are * dirtying in parallel, we cannot go more than 3% (1/32) over the dirty memory - * thresholds before writeback cuts in. - * - * But the limit should not be set too high. Because it also controls the - * amount of memory which the balance_dirty_pages() caller has to write back. - * If this is too large then the caller will block on the IO queue all the - * time. So limit it to four megabytes - the balance_dirty_pages() caller - * will write six megabyte chunks, max. + * thresholds. */ void writeback_set_ratelimit(void) { - ratelimit_pages = vm_total_pages / (num_online_cpus() * 32); + unsigned long background_thresh; + unsigned long dirty_thresh; + global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh); + ratelimit_pages = dirty_thresh / (num_online_cpus() * 32); if (ratelimit_pages < 16) ratelimit_pages = 16; - if (ratelimit_pages * PAGE_CACHE_SIZE > 4096 * 1024) - ratelimit_pages = (4096 * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE; } static int __cpuinit @@ -1324,6 +1723,7 @@ void account_page_dirtied(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping) __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY); __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_DIRTIED); __inc_bdi_stat(mapping->backing_dev_info, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); + __inc_bdi_stat(mapping->backing_dev_info, BDI_DIRTIED); task_dirty_inc(current); task_io_account_write(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE); } diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 132d1ddb223..a1893c05079 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -2266,7 +2266,8 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist, */ writeback_threshold = sc->nr_to_reclaim + sc->nr_to_reclaim / 2; if (total_scanned > writeback_threshold) { - wakeup_flusher_threads(laptop_mode ? 0 : total_scanned); + wakeup_flusher_threads(laptop_mode ? 0 : total_scanned, + WB_REASON_TRY_TO_FREE_PAGES); sc->may_writepage = 1; } |