diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
31 files changed, 661 insertions, 339 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a9f2b8b0530 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +What: /sys/dev +Date: April 2008 +KernelVersion: 2.6.26 +Contact: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> +Description: The /sys/dev tree provides a method to look up the sysfs + path for a device using the information returned from + stat(2). There are two directories, 'block' and 'char', + beneath /sys/dev containing symbolic links with names of + the form "<major>:<minor>". These links point to the + corresponding sysfs path for the given device. + + Example: + $ readlink /sys/dev/block/8:32 + ../../block/sdc + + Entries in /sys/dev/char and /sys/dev/block will be + dynamically created and destroyed as devices enter and + leave the system. + +Users: mdadm <linux-raid@vger.kernel.org> diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt index 6d772f84b47..b768cc0e402 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt @@ -22,3 +22,12 @@ ready and available in memory. The DMA of the "completion indication" could race with data DMA. Mapping the memory used for completion indications with DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER would prevent the race. +DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING +---------------------- + +DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING specifies that reads and writes to the mapping +may be weakly ordered, that is that reads and writes may pass each other. + +Since it is optional for platforms to implement DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING, +those that do not will simply ignore the attribute and exhibit default +behavior. diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl index 5a8ffa761e0..ea3bc9565e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl @@ -524,6 +524,44 @@ These utilities include endpoint autoconfiguration. <!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/epautoconf.c --> </sect1> +<sect1 id="composite"><title>Composite Device Framework</title> + +<para>The core API is sufficient for writing drivers for composite +USB devices (with more than one function in a given configuration), +and also multi-configuration devices (also more than one function, +but not necessarily sharing a given configuration). +There is however an optional framework which makes it easier to +reuse and combine functions. +</para> + +<para>Devices using this framework provide a <emphasis>struct +usb_composite_driver</emphasis>, which in turn provides one or +more <emphasis>struct usb_configuration</emphasis> instances. +Each such configuration includes at least one +<emphasis>struct usb_function</emphasis>, which packages a user +visible role such as "network link" or "mass storage device". +Management functions may also exist, such as "Device Firmware +Upgrade". +</para> + +!Iinclude/linux/usb/composite.h +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/composite.c + +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="functions"><title>Composite Device Functions</title> + +<para>At this writing, a few of the current gadget drivers have +been converted to this framework. +Near-term plans include converting all of them, except for "gadgetfs". +</para> + +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_serial.c + +</sect1> + + </chapter> <chapter id="controllers"><title>Peripheral Controller Drivers</title> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl index fdd7f4f887b..df87d1b9360 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl @@ -21,6 +21,18 @@ </affiliation> </author> +<copyright> + <year>2006-2008</year> + <holder>Hans-Jürgen Koch.</holder> +</copyright> + +<legalnotice> +<para> +This documentation is Free Software licensed under the terms of the +GPL version 2. +</para> +</legalnotice> + <pubdate>2006-12-11</pubdate> <abstract> @@ -30,6 +42,12 @@ <revhistory> <revision> + <revnumber>0.5</revnumber> + <date>2008-05-22</date> + <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> + <revremark>Added description of write() function.</revremark> + </revision> + <revision> <revnumber>0.4</revnumber> <date>2007-11-26</date> <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> @@ -57,20 +75,9 @@ </bookinfo> <chapter id="aboutthisdoc"> -<?dbhtml filename="about.html"?> +<?dbhtml filename="aboutthis.html"?> <title>About this document</title> -<sect1 id="copyright"> -<?dbhtml filename="copyright.html"?> -<title>Copyright and License</title> -<para> - Copyright (c) 2006 by Hans-Jürgen Koch.</para> -<para> -This documentation is Free Software licensed under the terms of the -GPL version 2. -</para> -</sect1> - <sect1 id="translations"> <?dbhtml filename="translations.html"?> <title>Translations</title> @@ -189,6 +196,30 @@ interested in translating it, please email me represents the total interrupt count. You can use this number to figure out if you missed some interrupts. </para> + <para> + For some hardware that has more than one interrupt source internally, + but not separate IRQ mask and status registers, there might be + situations where userspace cannot determine what the interrupt source + was if the kernel handler disables them by writing to the chip's IRQ + register. In such a case, the kernel has to disable the IRQ completely + to leave the chip's register untouched. Now the userspace part can + determine the cause of the interrupt, but it cannot re-enable + interrupts. Another cornercase is chips where re-enabling interrupts + is a read-modify-write operation to a combined IRQ status/acknowledge + register. This would be racy if a new interrupt occurred + simultaneously. + </para> + <para> + To address these problems, UIO also implements a write() function. It + is normally not used and can be ignored for hardware that has only a + single interrupt source or has separate IRQ mask and status registers. + If you need it, however, a write to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename> + will call the <function>irqcontrol()</function> function implemented + by the driver. You have to write a 32-bit value that is usually either + 0 or 1 to disable or enable interrupts. If a driver does not implement + <function>irqcontrol()</function>, <function>write()</function> will + return with <varname>-ENOSYS</varname>. + </para> <para> To handle interrupts properly, your custom kernel module can @@ -362,6 +393,14 @@ device is actually used. <function>open()</function>, you will probably also want a custom <function>release()</function> function. </para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +<varname>int (*irqcontrol)(struct uio_info *info, s32 irq_on) +</varname>: Optional. If you need to be able to enable or disable +interrupts from userspace by writing to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>, +you can implement this function. The parameter <varname>irq_on</varname> +will be 0 to disable interrupts and 1 to enable them. +</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> diff --git a/Documentation/HOWTO b/Documentation/HOWTO index 619e8caf30d..c2371c5a98f 100644 --- a/Documentation/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/HOWTO @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ Here is a list of some of the different kernel trees available: - pcmcia, Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net> git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6.git - - SCSI, James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com> + - SCSI, James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com> git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6.git - x86, Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/bfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/bfs.txt index ea825e178e7..78043d5a8fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/bfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/bfs.txt @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ You can simplify mounting by just typing: this will allocate the first available loopback device (and load loop.o kernel module if necessary) automatically. If the loopback driver is not -loaded automatically, make sure that your kernel is compiled with kmod -support (CONFIG_KMOD) enabled. Beware that umount will not -deallocate /dev/loopN device if /etc/mtab file on your system is a -symbolic link to /proc/mounts. You will need to do it manually using -"-d" switch of losetup(8). Read losetup(8) manpage for more info. +loaded automatically, make sure that you have compiled the module and +that modprobe is functioning. Beware that umount will not deallocate +/dev/loopN device if /etc/mtab file on your system is a symbolic link to +/proc/mounts. You will need to do it manually using "-d" switch of +losetup(8). Read losetup(8) manpage for more info. To create the BFS image under UnixWare you need to find out first which slice contains it. The command prtvtoc(1M) is your friend: diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 7f27b8f840d..9e9c348275a 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ The top level sysfs directory looks like: block/ bus/ class/ +dev/ devices/ firmware/ net/ @@ -274,6 +275,11 @@ fs/ contains a directory for some filesystems. Currently each filesystem wanting to export attributes must create its own hierarchy below fs/ (see ./fuse.txt for an example). +dev/ contains two directories char/ and block/. Inside these two +directories there are symlinks named <major>:<minor>. These symlinks +point to the sysfs directory for the given device. /sys/dev provides a +quick way to lookup the sysfs interface for a device from the result of +a stat(2) operation. More information can driver-model specific features can be found in Documentation/driver-model/. diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/paravirt_ops.txt b/Documentation/ia64/paravirt_ops.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..39ded02ec33 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ia64/paravirt_ops.txt @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +Paravirt_ops on IA64 +==================== + 21 May 2008, Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp> + + +Introduction +------------ +The aim of this documentation is to help with maintainability and/or to +encourage people to use paravirt_ops/IA64. + +paravirt_ops (pv_ops in short) is a way for virtualization support of +Linux kernel on x86. Several ways for virtualization support were +proposed, paravirt_ops is the winner. +On the other hand, now there are also several IA64 virtualization +technologies like kvm/IA64, xen/IA64 and many other academic IA64 +hypervisors so that it is good to add generic virtualization +infrastructure on Linux/IA64. + + +What is paravirt_ops? +--------------------- +It has been developed on x86 as virtualization support via API, not ABI. +It allows each hypervisor to override operations which are important for +hypervisors at API level. And it allows a single kernel binary to run on +all supported execution environments including native machine. +Essentially paravirt_ops is a set of function pointers which represent +operations corresponding to low level sensitive instructions and high +level functionalities in various area. But one significant difference +from usual function pointer table is that it allows optimization with +binary patch. It is because some of these operations are very +performance sensitive and indirect call overhead is not negligible. +With binary patch, indirect C function call can be transformed into +direct C function call or in-place execution to eliminate the overhead. + +Thus, operations of paravirt_ops are classified into three categories. +- simple indirect call + These operations correspond to high level functionality so that the + overhead of indirect call isn't very important. + +- indirect call which allows optimization with binary patch + Usually these operations correspond to low level instructions. They + are called frequently and performance critical. So the overhead is + very important. + +- a set of macros for hand written assembly code + Hand written assembly codes (.S files) also need paravirtualization + because they include sensitive instructions or some of code paths in + them are very performance critical. + + +The relation to the IA64 machine vector +--------------------------------------- +Linux/IA64 has the IA64 machine vector functionality which allows the +kernel to switch implementations (e.g. initialization, ipi, dma api...) +depending on executing platform. +We can replace some implementations very easily defining a new machine +vector. Thus another approach for virtualization support would be +enhancing the machine vector functionality. +But paravirt_ops approach was taken because +- virtualization support needs wider support than machine vector does. + e.g. low level instruction paravirtualization. It must be + initialized very early before platform detection. + +- virtualization support needs more functionality like binary patch. + Probably the calling overhead might not be very large compared to the + emulation overhead of virtualization. However in the native case, the + overhead should be eliminated completely. + A single kernel binary should run on each environment including native, + and the overhead of paravirt_ops on native environment should be as + small as possible. + +- for full virtualization technology, e.g. KVM/IA64 or + Xen/IA64 HVM domain, the result would be + (the emulated platform machine vector. probably dig) + (pv_ops). + This means that the virtualization support layer should be under + the machine vector layer. + +Possibly it might be better to move some function pointers from +paravirt_ops to machine vector. In fact, Xen domU case utilizes both +pv_ops and machine vector. + + +IA64 paravirt_ops +----------------- +In this section, the concrete paravirt_ops will be discussed. +Because of the architecture difference between ia64 and x86, the +resulting set of functions is very different from x86 pv_ops. + +- C function pointer tables +They are not very performance critical so that simple C indirect +function call is acceptable. The following structures are defined at +this moment. For details see linux/include/asm-ia64/paravirt.h + - struct pv_info + This structure describes the execution environment. + - struct pv_init_ops + This structure describes the various initialization hooks. + - struct pv_iosapic_ops + This structure describes hooks to iosapic operations. + - struct pv_irq_ops + This structure describes hooks to irq related operations + - struct pv_time_op + This structure describes hooks to steal time accounting. + +- a set of indirect calls which need optimization +Currently this class of functions correspond to a subset of IA64 +intrinsics. At this moment the optimization with binary patch isn't +implemented yet. +struct pv_cpu_op is defined. For details see +linux/include/asm-ia64/paravirt_privop.h +Mostly they correspond to ia64 intrinsics 1-to-1. +Caveat: Now they are defined as C indirect function pointers, but in +order to support binary patch optimization, they will be changed +using GCC extended inline assembly code. + +- a set of macros for hand written assembly code (.S files) +For maintenance purpose, the taken approach for .S files is single +source code and compile multiple times with different macros definitions. +Each pv_ops instance must define those macros to compile. +The important thing here is that sensitive, but non-privileged +instructions must be paravirtualized and that some privileged +instructions also need paravirtualization for reasonable performance. +Developers who modify .S files must be aware of that. At this moment +an easy checker is implemented to detect paravirtualization breakage. +But it doesn't cover all the cases. + +Sometimes this set of macros is called pv_cpu_asm_op. But there is no +corresponding structure in the source code. +Those macros mostly 1:1 correspond to a subset of privileged +instructions. See linux/include/asm-ia64/native/inst.h. +And some functions written in assembly also need to be overrided so +that each pv_ops instance have to define some macros. Again see +linux/include/asm-ia64/native/inst.h. + + +Those structures must be initialized very early before start_kernel. +Probably initialized in head.S using multi entry point or some other trick. +For native case implementation see linux/arch/ia64/kernel/paravirt.c. diff --git a/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt b/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt index 14e0a8b7022..03a74fc3b49 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -$Id: gameport-programming.txt,v 1.3 2001/04/24 13:51:37 vojtech Exp $ - Programming gameport drivers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/input/input.txt b/Documentation/input/input.txt index ff8cea0225f..686ee9932df 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/input.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/input.txt @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ Linux Input drivers v1.0 (c) 1999-2001 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@ucw.cz> Sponsored by SuSE - $Id: input.txt,v 1.8 2002/05/29 03:15:01 bradleym Exp $ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0. Disclaimer diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick-api.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick-api.txt index acbd32b8845..c507330740c 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick-api.txt @@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ 7 Aug 1998 - $Id: joystick-api.txt,v 1.2 2001/05/08 21:21:23 vojtech Exp $ - 1. Initialization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt index ede5f33daad..1c856f32ff2 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ (c) 1998-2000 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@ucw.cz> (c) 1998 Andree Borrmann <a.borrmann@tu-bs.de> Sponsored by SuSE - $Id: joystick-parport.txt,v 1.6 2001/09/25 09:31:32 vojtech Exp $ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0. Disclaimer diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt index 389de9bd987..154d767b2ac 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ Linux Joystick driver v2.0.0 (c) 1996-2000 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@ucw.cz> Sponsored by SuSE - $Id: joystick.txt,v 1.12 2002/03/03 12:13:07 jdeneux Exp $ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0. Disclaimer diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index e4ef2758440..30d44b78171 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file or memmap=0x10000$0x18690000 - memtest= [KNL,X86_64] Enable memtest + memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest Format: <integer> range: 0,4 : pattern number default : 0 <disable> @@ -2165,6 +2165,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be reported either. + unknown_nmi_panic + [X86-32,X86-64] + Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot. + usbcore.autosuspend= [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This diff --git a/Documentation/md.txt b/Documentation/md.txt index a8b43062747..1da9d1b1793 100644 --- a/Documentation/md.txt +++ b/Documentation/md.txt @@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ All md devices contain: writing the word for the desired state, however some states cannot be explicitly set, and some transitions are not allowed. + Select/poll works on this file. All changes except between + active_idle and active (which can be frequent and are not + very interesting) are notified. active->active_idle is + reported if the metadata is externally managed. + clear No devices, no size, no level Writing is equivalent to STOP_ARRAY ioctl @@ -292,6 +297,10 @@ Each directory contains: writemostly - device will only be subject to read requests if there are no other options. This applies only to raid1 arrays. + blocked - device has failed, metadata is "external", + and the failure hasn't been acknowledged yet. + Writes that would write to this device if + it were not faulty are blocked. spare - device is working, but not a full member. This includes spares that are in the process of being recovered to @@ -301,6 +310,12 @@ Each directory contains: Writing "remove" removes the device from the array. Writing "writemostly" sets the writemostly flag. Writing "-writemostly" clears the writemostly flag. + Writing "blocked" sets the "blocked" flag. + Writing "-blocked" clear the "blocked" flag and allows writes + to complete. + + This file responds to select/poll. Any change to 'faulty' + or 'blocked' causes an event. errors An approximate count of read errors that have been detected on @@ -332,7 +347,7 @@ Each directory contains: for storage of data. This will normally be the same as the component_size. This can be written while assembling an array. If a value less than the current component_size is - written, component_size will be reduced to this value. + written, it will be rejected. An active md device will also contain and entry for each active device @@ -381,6 +396,19 @@ also have 'check' and 'repair' will start the appropriate process providing the current state is 'idle'. + This file responds to select/poll. Any important change in the value + triggers a poll event. Sometimes the value will briefly be + "recover" if a recovery seems to be needed, but cannot be + achieved. In that case, the transition to "recover" isn't + notified, but the transition away is. + + degraded + This contains a count of the number of devices by which the + arrays is degraded. So an optimal array with show '0'. A + single failed/missing drive will show '1', etc. + This file responds to select/poll, any increase or decrease + in the count of missing devices will trigger an event. + mismatch_count When performing 'check' and 'repair', and possibly when performing 'resync', md will count the number of errors that are diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index aee243a846a..ea1b70b3579 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -89,10 +89,12 @@ Table of Contents 3) OpenPIC Interrupt Controllers 4) ISA Interrupt Controllers - VIII - Specifying GPIO information for devices + IX - Specifying GPIO information for devices 1) gpios property 2) gpio-controller nodes + X - Specifying device power management information (sleep property) + Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540 @@ -2488,8 +2490,8 @@ encodings listed below: 2 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled 3 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled -VIII - Specifying GPIO information for devices -============================================== +IX - Specifying GPIO information for devices +============================================ 1) gpios property ----------------- @@ -2537,116 +2539,151 @@ Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes: gpio-controller; }; +X - Specifying Device Power Management Information (sleep property) +=================================================================== + +Devices on SOCs often have mechanisms for placing devices into low-power +states that are decoupled from the devices' own register blocks. Sometimes, +this information is more complicated than a cell-index property can +reasonably describe. Thus, each device controlled in such a manner +may contain a "sleep" property which describes these connections. + +The sleep property consists of one or more sleep resources, each of +which consists of a phandle to a sleep controller, followed by a +controller-specific sleep specifier of zero or more cells. + +The semantics of what type of low power modes are possible are defined +by the sleep controller. Some examples of the types of low power modes +that may be supported are: + + - Dynamic: The device may be disabled or enabled at any time. + - System Suspend: The device may request to be disabled or remain + awake during system suspend, but will not be disabled until then. + - Permanent: The device is disabled permanently (until the next hard + reset). + +Some devices may share a clock domain with each other, such that they should +only be suspended when none of the devices are in use. Where reasonable, +such nodes should be placed on a virtual bus, where the bus has the sleep +property. If the clock domain is shared among devices that cannot be +reasonably grouped in this manner, then create a virtual sleep controller +(similar to an interrupt nexus, except that defining a standardized +sleep-map should wait until its necessity is demonstrated). + Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540 ======================================== -Note that the #address-cells and #size-cells for the SoC node -in this example have been explicitly listed; these are likely -not necessary as they are usually the same as the root node. - - soc8540@e0000000 { + soc@e0000000 { #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <1>; - #interrupt-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,mpc8540-ccsr", "simple-bus"; device_type = "soc"; - ranges = <00000000 e0000000 00100000> - reg = <e0000000 00003000>; + ranges = <0x00000000 0xe0000000 0x00100000> bus-frequency = <0>; - - mdio@24520 { - reg = <24520 20>; - device_type = "mdio"; - compatible = "gianfar"; - - ethernet-phy@0 { - linux,phandle = <2452000> - interrupt-parent = <40000>; - interrupts = <35 1>; - reg = <0>; - device_type = "ethernet-phy"; - }; - - ethernet-phy@1 { - linux,phandle = <2452001> - interrupt-parent = <40000>; - interrupts = <35 1>; - reg = <1>; - device_type = "ethernet-phy"; - }; - - ethernet-phy@3 { - linux,phandle = <2452002> - interrupt-parent = <40000>; - interrupts = <35 1>; - reg = <3>; - device_type = "ethernet-phy"; - }; - - }; + interrupt-parent = <&pic>; ethernet@24000 { - #size-cells = <0>; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <1>; device_type = "network"; model = "TSE |