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-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt766
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/dccp.txt21
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/dgrs.txt52
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt17
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt32
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt99
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt15
7 files changed, 163 insertions, 839 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7907435a661..00000000000
--- a/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,766 +0,0 @@
-HISTORY:
-February 16/2002 -- revision 0.2.1:
-COR typo corrected
-February 10/2002 -- revision 0.2:
-some spell checking ;->
-January 12/2002 -- revision 0.1
-This is still work in progress so may change.
-To keep up to date please watch this space.
-
-Introduction to NAPI
-====================
-
-NAPI is a proven (www.cyberus.ca/~hadi/usenix-paper.tgz) technique
-to improve network performance on Linux. For more details please
-read that paper.
-NAPI provides a "inherent mitigation" which is bound by system capacity
-as can be seen from the following data collected by Robert on Gigabit
-ethernet (e1000):
-
- Psize Ipps Tput Rxint Txint Done Ndone
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- 60 890000 409362 17 27622 7 6823
- 128 758150 464364 21 9301 10 7738
- 256 445632 774646 42 15507 21 12906
- 512 232666 994445 241292 19147 241192 1062
- 1024 119061 1000003 872519 19258 872511 0
- 1440 85193 1000003 946576 19505 946569 0
-
-
-Legend:
-"Ipps" stands for input packets per second.
-"Tput" == packets out of total 1M that made it out.
-"txint" == transmit completion interrupts seen
-"Done" == The number of times that the poll() managed to pull all
-packets out of the rx ring. Note from this that the lower the
-load the more we could clean up the rxring
-"Ndone" == is the converse of "Done". Note again, that the higher
-the load the more times we couldn't clean up the rxring.
-
-Observe that:
-when the NIC receives 890Kpackets/sec only 17 rx interrupts are generated.
-The system cant handle the processing at 1 interrupt/packet at that load level.
-At lower rates on the other hand, rx interrupts go up and therefore the
-interrupt/packet ratio goes up (as observable from that table). So there is
-possibility that under low enough input, you get one poll call for each
-input packet caused by a single interrupt each time. And if the system
-cant handle interrupt per packet ratio of 1, then it will just have to
-chug along ....
-
-
-0) Prerequisites:
-==================
-A driver MAY continue using the old 2.4 technique for interfacing
-to the network stack and not benefit from the NAPI changes.
-NAPI additions to the kernel do not break backward compatibility.
-NAPI, however, requires the following features to be available:
-
-A) DMA ring or enough RAM to store packets in software devices.
-
-B) Ability to turn off interrupts or maybe events that send packets up
-the stack.
-
-NAPI processes packet events in what is known as dev->poll() method.
-Typically, only packet receive events are processed in dev->poll().
-The rest of the events MAY be processed by the regular interrupt handler
-to reduce processing latency (justified also because there are not that
-many of them).
-Note, however, NAPI does not enforce that dev->poll() only processes
-receive events.
-Tests with the tulip driver indicated slightly increased latency if
-all of the interrupt handler is moved to dev->poll(). Also MII handling
-gets a little trickier.
-The example used in this document is to move the receive processing only
-to dev->poll(); this is shown with the patch for the tulip driver.
-For an example of code that moves all the interrupt driver to
-dev->poll() look at the ported e1000 code.
-
-There are caveats that might force you to go with moving everything to
-dev->poll(). Different NICs work differently depending on their status/event
-acknowledgement setup.
-There are two types of event register ACK mechanisms.
- I) what is known as Clear-on-read (COR).
- when you read the status/event register, it clears everything!
- The natsemi and sunbmac NICs are known to do this.
- In this case your only choice is to move all to dev->poll()
-
- II) Clear-on-write (COW)
- i) you clear the status by writing a 1 in the bit-location you want.
- These are the majority of the NICs and work the best with NAPI.
- Put only receive events in dev->poll(); leave the rest in
- the old interrupt handler.
- ii) whatever you write in the status register clears every thing ;->
- Cant seem to find any supported by Linux which do this. If
- someone knows such a chip email us please.
- Move all to dev->poll()
-
-C) Ability to detect new work correctly.
-NAPI works by shutting down event interrupts when there's work and
-turning them on when there's none.
-New packets might show up in the small window while interrupts were being
-re-enabled (refer to appendix 2). A packet might sneak in during the period
-we are enabling interrupts. We only get to know about such a packet when the
-next new packet arrives and generates an interrupt.
-Essentially, there is a small window of opportunity for a race condition
-which for clarity we'll refer to as the "rotting packet".
-
-This is a very important topic and appendix 2 is dedicated for more
-discussion.
-
-Locking rules and environmental guarantees
-==========================================
-
--Guarantee: Only one CPU at any time can call dev->poll(); this is because
-only one CPU can pick the initial interrupt and hence the initial
-netif_rx_schedule(dev);
-- The core layer invokes devices to send packets in a round robin format.
-This implies receive is totally lockless because of the guarantee that only
-one CPU is executing it.
-- contention can only be the result of some other CPU accessing the rx
-ring. This happens only in close() and suspend() (when these methods
-try to clean the rx ring);
-****guarantee: driver authors need not worry about this; synchronization
-is taken care for them by the top net layer.
--local interrupts are enabled (if you dont move all to dev->poll()). For
-example link/MII and txcomplete continue functioning just same old way.
-This improves the latency of processing these events. It is also assumed that
-the receive interrupt is the largest cause of noise. Note this might not
-always be true.
-[according to Manfred Spraul, the winbond insists on sending one
-txmitcomplete interrupt for each packet (although this can be mitigated)].
-For these broken drivers, move all to dev->poll().
-
-For the rest of this text, we'll assume that dev->poll() only
-processes receive events.
-
-new methods introduce by NAPI
-=============================
-
-a) netif_rx_schedule(dev)
-Called by an IRQ handler to schedule a poll for device
-
-b) netif_rx_schedule_prep(dev)
-puts the device in a state which allows for it to be added to the
-CPU polling list if it is up and running. You can look at this as
-the first half of netif_rx_schedule(dev) above; the second half
-being c) below.
-
-c) __netif_rx_schedule(dev)
-Add device to the poll list for this CPU; assuming that _prep above
-has already been called and returned 1.
-
-d) netif_rx_reschedule(dev, undo)
-Called to reschedule polling for device specifically for some
-deficient hardware. Read Appendix 2 for more details.
-
-e) netif_rx_complete(dev)
-
-Remove interface from the CPU poll list: it must be in the poll list
-on current cpu. This primitive is called by dev->poll(), when
-it completes its work. The device cannot be out of poll list at this
-call, if it is then clearly it is a BUG(). You'll know ;->
-
-All of the above methods are used below, so keep reading for clarity.
-
-Device driver changes to be made when porting NAPI
-==================================================
-
-Below we describe what kind of changes are required for NAPI to work.
-
-1) introduction of dev->poll() method
-=====================================
-
-This is the method that is invoked by the network core when it requests
-for new packets from the driver. A driver is allowed to send upto
-dev->quota packets by the current CPU before yielding to the network
-subsystem (so other devices can also get opportunity to send to the stack).
-
-dev->poll() prototype looks as follows:
-int my_poll(struct net_device *dev, int *budget)
-
-budget is the remaining number of packets the network subsystem on the
-current CPU can send up the stack before yielding to other system tasks.
-*Each driver is responsible for decrementing budget by the total number of
-packets sent.
- Total number of packets cannot exceed dev->quota.
-
-dev->poll() method is invoked by the top layer, the driver just sends if it
-can to the stack the packet quantity requested.
-
-more on dev->poll() below after the interrupt changes are explained.
-
-2) registering dev->poll() method
-===================================
-
-dev->poll should be set in the dev->probe() method.
-e.g:
-dev->open = my_open;
-.
-.
-/* two new additions */
-/* first register my poll method */
-dev->poll = my_poll;
-/* next register my weight/quanta; can be overridden in /proc */
-dev->weight = 16;
-.
-.
-dev->stop = my_close;
-
-
-
-3) scheduling dev->poll()
-=============================
-This involves modifying the interrupt handler and the code
-path which takes the packet off the NIC and sends them to the
-stack.
-
-it's important at this point to introduce the classical D Becker
-interrupt processor:
-
-------------------
-static irqreturn_t
-netdevice_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-
- struct net_device *dev = (struct net_device *)dev_instance;
- struct my_private *tp = (struct my_private *)dev->priv;
-
- int work_count = my_work_count;
- status = read_interrupt_status_reg();
- if (status == 0)
- return IRQ_NONE; /* Shared IRQ: not us */
- if (status == 0xffff)
- return IRQ_HANDLED; /* Hot unplug */
- if (status & error)
- do_some_error_handling()
-
- do {
- acknowledge_ints_ASAP();
-
- if (status & link_interrupt) {
- spin_lock(&tp->link_lock);
- do_some_link_stat_stuff();
- spin_lock(&tp->link_lock);
- }
-
- if (status & rx_interrupt) {
- receive_packets(dev);
- }
-
- if (status & rx_nobufs) {
- make_rx_buffs_avail();
- }
-
- if (status & tx_related) {
- spin_lock(&tp->lock);
- tx_ring_free(dev);
- if (tx_died)
- restart_tx();
- spin_unlock(&tp->lock);
- }
-
- status = read_interrupt_status_reg();
-
- } while (!(status & error) || more_work_to_be_done);
- return IRQ_HANDLED;
-}
-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-We now change this to what is shown below to NAPI-enable it:
-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-static irqreturn_t
-netdevice_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
- struct net_device *dev = (struct net_device *)dev_instance;
- struct my_private *tp = (struct my_private *)dev->priv;
-
- status = read_interrupt_status_reg();
- if (status == 0)
- return IRQ_NONE; /* Shared IRQ: not us */
- if (status == 0xffff)
- return IRQ_HANDLED; /* Hot unplug */
- if (status & error)
- do_some_error_handling();
-
- do {
-/************************ start note *********************************/
- acknowledge_ints_ASAP(); // dont ack rx and rxnobuff here
-/************************ end note *********************************/
-
- if (status & link_interrupt) {
- spin_lock(&tp->link_lock);
- do_some_link_stat_stuff();
- spin_unlock(&tp->link_lock);
- }
-/************************ start note *********************************/
- if (status & rx_interrupt || (status & rx_nobuffs)) {
- if (netif_rx_schedule_prep(dev)) {
-
- /* disable interrupts caused
- * by arriving packets */
- disable_rx_and_rxnobuff_ints();
- /* tell system we have work to be done. */
- __netif_rx_schedule(dev);
- } else {
- printk("driver bug! interrupt while in poll\n");
- /* FIX by disabling interrupts */
- disable_rx_and_rxnobuff_ints();
- }
- }
-/************************ end note note *********************************/
-
- if (status & tx_related) {
- spin_lock(&tp->lock);
- tx_ring_free(dev);
-
- if (tx_died)
- restart_tx();
- spin_unlock(&tp->lock);
- }
-
- status = read_interrupt_status_reg();
-
-/************************ start note *********************************/
- } while (!(status & error) || more_work_to_be_done(status));
-/************************ end note note *********************************/
- return IRQ_HANDLED;
-}
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-We note several things from above:
-
-I) Any interrupt source which is caused by arriving packets is now
-turned off when it occurs. Depending on the hardware, there could be
-several reasons that arriving packets would cause interrupts; these are the
-interrupt sources we wish to avoid. The two common ones are a) a packet
-arriving (rxint) b) a packet arriving and finding no DMA buffers available
-(rxnobuff) .
-This means also acknowledge_ints_ASAP() will not clear the status
-register for those two items above; clearing is done in the place where
-proper work is done within NAPI; at the poll() and refill_rx_ring()
-discussed further below.
-netif_rx_schedule_prep() returns 1 if device is in running state and
-gets successfully added to the core poll list. If we get a zero value
-we can _almost_ assume are already added to the list (instead of not running.
-Logic based on the fact that you shouldn't get interrupt if not running)
-We rectify this by disabling rx and rxnobuf interrupts.
-
-II) that receive_packets(dev) and make_rx_buffs_avail() may have disappeared.
-These functionalities are still around actually......
-
-infact, receive_packets(dev) is very close to my_poll() and
-make_rx_buffs_avail() is invoked from my_poll()
-
-4) converting receive_packets() to dev->poll()
-===============================================
-
-We need to convert the classical D Becker receive_packets(dev) to my_poll()
-
-First the typical receive_packets() below:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/* this is called by interrupt handler */
-static void receive_packets (struct net_device *dev)
-{
-
- struct my_private *tp = (struct my_private *)dev->priv;
- rx_ring = tp->rx_ring;
- cur_rx = tp->cur_rx;
- int entry = cur_rx % RX_RING_SIZE;
- int received = 0;
- int rx_work_limit = tp->dirty_rx + RX_RING_SIZE - tp->cur_rx;
-
- while (rx_ring_not_empty) {
- u32 rx_status;
- unsigned int rx_size;
- unsigned int pkt_size;
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- /* read size+status of next frame from DMA ring buffer */
- /* the number 16 and 4 are just examples */
- rx_status = le32_to_cpu (*(u32 *) (rx_ring + ring_offset));
- rx_size = rx_status >> 16;
- pkt_size = rx_size - 4;
-
- /* process errors */
- if ((rx_size > (MAX_ETH_FRAME_SIZE+4)) ||
- (!(rx_status & RxStatusOK))) {
- netdrv_rx_err (rx_status, dev, tp, ioaddr);
- return;
- }
-
- if (--rx_work_limit < 0)
- break;
-
- /* grab a skb */
- skb = dev_alloc_skb (pkt_size + 2);
- if (skb) {
- .
- .
- netif_rx (skb);
- .
- .
- } else { /* OOM */
- /*seems very driver specific ... some just pass
- whatever is on the ring already. */
- }
-
- /* move to the next skb on the ring */
- entry = (++tp->cur_rx) % RX_RING_SIZE;
- received++ ;
-
- }
-
- /* store current ring pointer state */
- tp->cur_rx = cur_rx;
-
- /* Refill the Rx ring buffers if they are needed */
- refill_rx_ring();
- .
- .
-
-}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-We change it to a new one below; note the additional parameter in
-the call.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/* this is called by the network core */
-static int my_poll (struct net_device *dev, int *budget)
-{
-
- struct my_private *tp = (struct my_private *)dev->priv;
- rx_ring = tp->rx_ring;
- cur_rx = tp->cur_rx;
- int entry = cur_rx % RX_BUF_LEN;
- /* maximum packets to send to the stack */
-/************************ note note *********************************/
- int rx_work_limit = dev->quota;
-
-/************************ end note note *********************************/
- do { // outer beginning loop starts here
-
- clear_rx_status_register_bit();
-
- while (rx_ring_not_empty) {
- u32 rx_status;
- unsigned int rx_size;
- unsigned int pkt_size;
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- /* read size+status of next frame from DMA ring buffer */
- /* the number 16 and 4 are just examples */
- rx_status = le32_to_cpu (*(u32 *) (rx_ring + ring_offset));
- rx_size = rx_status >> 16;
- pkt_size = rx_size - 4;
-
- /* process errors */
- if ((rx_size > (MAX_ETH_FRAME_SIZE+4)) ||
- (!(rx_status & RxStatusOK))) {
- netdrv_rx_err (rx_status, dev, tp, ioaddr);
- return 1;
- }
-
-/************************ note note *********************************/
- if (--rx_work_limit < 0) { /* we got packets, but no quota */
- /* store current ring pointer state */
- tp->cur_rx = cur_rx;
-
- /* Refill the Rx ring buffers if they are needed */
- refill_rx_ring(dev);
- goto not_done;
- }
-/********************** end note **********************************/
-
- /* grab a skb */
- skb = dev_alloc_skb (pkt_size + 2);
- if (skb) {
- .
- .
-/************************ note note *********************************/
- netif_receive_skb (skb);
-/********************** end note **********************************/
- .
- .
- } else { /* OOM */
- /*seems very driver specific ... common is just pass
- whatever is on the ring already. */
- }
-
- /* move to the next skb on the ring */
- entry = (++tp->cur_rx) % RX_RING_SIZE;
- received++ ;
-
- }
-
- /* store current ring pointer state */
- tp->cur_rx = cur_rx;
-
- /* Refill the Rx ring buffers if they are needed */
- refill_rx_ring(dev);
-
- /* no packets on ring; but new ones can arrive since we last
- checked */
- status = read_interrupt_status_reg();
- if (rx status is not set) {
- /* If something arrives in this narrow window,
- an interrupt will be generated */
- goto done;
- }
- /* done! at least that's what it looks like ;->
- if new packets came in after our last check on status bits
- they'll be caught by the while check and we go back and clear them
- since we havent exceeded our quota */
- } while (rx_status_is_set);
-
-done:
-
-/************************ note note *********************************/
- dev->quota -= received;
- *budget -= received;
-
- /* If RX ring is not full we are out of memory. */
- if (tp->rx_buffers[tp->dirty_rx % RX_RING_SIZE].skb == NULL)
- goto oom;
-
- /* we are happy/done, no more packets on ring; put us back
- to where we can start processing interrupts again */
- netif_rx_complete(dev);
- enable_rx_and_rxnobuf_ints();
-
- /* The last op happens after poll completion. Which means the following:
- * 1. it can race with disabling irqs in irq handler (which are done to
- * schedule polls)
- * 2. it can race with dis/enabling irqs in other poll threads
- * 3. if an irq raised after the beginning of the outer beginning
- * loop (marked in the code above), it will be immediately
- * triggered here.
- *
- * Summarizing: the logic may result in some redundant irqs both
- * due to races in masking and due to too late acking of already
- * processed irqs. The good news: no events are ever lost.
- */
-
- return 0; /* done */
-
-not_done:
- if (tp->cur_rx - tp->dirty_rx > RX_RING_SIZE/2 ||
- tp->rx_buffers[tp->dirty_rx % RX_RING_SIZE].skb == NULL)
- refill_rx_ring(dev);
-
- if (!received) {
- printk("received==0\n");
- received = 1;
- }
- dev->quota -= received;
- *budget -= received;
- return 1; /* not_done */
-
-oom:
- /* Start timer, stop polling, but do not enable rx interrupts. */
- start_poll_timer(dev);
- return 0; /* we'll take it from here so tell core "done"*/
-
-/************************ End note note *********************************/
-}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-From above we note that:
-0) rx_work_limit = dev->quota
-1) refill_rx_ring() is in charge of clearing the bit for rxnobuff when
-it does the work.
-2) We have a done and not_done state.
-3) instead of netif_rx() we call netif_receive_skb() to pass the skb.
-4) we have a new way of handling oom condition
-5) A new outer for (;;) loop has been added. This serves the purpose of
-ensuring that if a new packet has come in, after we are all set and done,
-and we have not exceeded our quota that we continue sending packets up.
-
-
------------------------------------------------------------
-Poll timer code will need to do the following:
-
-a)
-
- if (tp->cur_rx - tp->dirty_rx > RX_RING_SIZE/2 ||
- tp->rx_buffers[tp->dirty_rx % RX_RING_SIZE].skb == NULL)
- refill_rx_ring(dev);
-
- /* If RX ring is not full we are still out of memory.
- Restart the timer again. Else we re-add ourselves
- to the master poll list.
- */
-
- if (tp->rx_buffers[tp->dirty_rx % RX_RING_SIZE].skb == NULL)
- restart_timer();
-
- else netif_rx_schedule(dev); /* we are back on the poll list */
-
-5) dev->close() and dev->suspend() issues
-==========================================
-The driver writer needn't worry about this; the top net layer takes
-care of it.
-
-6) Adding new Stats to /proc
-=============================
-In order to debug some of the new features, we introduce new stats
-that need to be collected.
-TODO: Fill this later.
-
-APPENDIX 1: discussion on using ethernet HW FC
-==============================================
-Most chips with FC only send a pause packet when they run out of Rx buffers.
-Since packets are pulled off the DMA ring by a softirq in NAPI,
-if the system is slow in grabbing them and we have a high input
-rate (faster than the system's capacity to remove packets), then theoretically
-there will only be one rx interrupt for all packets during a given packetstorm.
-Under low load, we might have a single interrupt per packet.
-FC should be programmed to apply in the case when the system cant pull out
-packets fast enough i.e send a pause only when you run out of rx buffers.
-Note FC in itself is a good solution but we have found it to not be
-much of a commodity feature (both in NICs and switches) and hence falls
-under the same category as using NIC based mitigation. Also, experiments
-indicate that it's much harder to resolve the resource allocation
-issue (aka lazy receiving that NAPI offers) and hence quantify its usefulness
-proved harder. In any case, FC works even better with NAPI but is not
-necessary.
-
-
-APPENDIX 2: the "rotting packet" race-window avoidance scheme
-=============================================================
-
-There are two types of associations seen here
-
-1) status/int which honors level triggered IRQ
-
-If a status bit for receive or rxnobuff is set and the corresponding
-interrupt-enable bit is not on, then no interrupts will be generated. However,
-as soon as the "interrupt-enable" bit is unmasked, an immediate interrupt is
-generated. [assuming the status bit was not turned off].
-Generally the concept of level triggered IRQs in association with a status and
-interrupt-enable CSR register set is used to avoid the race.
-
-If we take the example of the tulip:
-"pending work" is indicated by the status bit(CSR5 in tulip).
-the corresponding interrupt bit (CSR7 in tulip) might be turned off (but
-the CSR5 will continue to be turned on with new packet arrivals even if
-we clear it the first time)
-Very important is the fact that if we turn on the interrupt bit on when
-status is set that an immediate irq is triggered.
-
-If we cleared the rx ring and proclaimed there was "no more work
-to be done" and then went on to do a few other things; then when we enable
-interrupts, there is a possibility that a new packet might sneak in during
-this phase. It helps to look at the pseudo code for the tulip poll
-routine:
-
---------------------------
- do {
- ACK;
- while (ring_is_not_empty()) {
- work-work-work
- if quota is exceeded: exit, no touching irq status/mask
- }
- /* No packets, but new can arrive while we are doing this*/
- CSR5 := read
- if (CSR5 is not set) {
- /* If something arrives in this narrow window here,
- * where the comments are ;-> irq will be generated */
- unmask irqs;
- exit poll;
- }
- } while (rx_status_is_set);
-------------------------
-
-CSR5 bit of interest is only the rx status.
-If you look at the last if statement:
-you just finished grabbing all the packets from the rx ring .. you check if
-status bit says there are more packets just in ... it says none; you then
-enable rx interrupts again; if a new packet just came in during this check,
-we are counting that CSR5 will be set in that small window of opportunity
-and that by re-enabling interrupts, we would actually trigger an interrupt
-to register the new packet for processing.
-
-[The above description nay be very verbose, if you have better wording
-that will make this more understandable, please suggest it.]
-
-2) non-capable hardware
-
-These do not generally respect level triggered IRQs. Normally,
-irqs may be lost while being masked and the only way to leave poll is to do
-a double check for new input after netif_rx_complete() is invoked
-and re-enable polling (after seeing this new input).
-
-Sample code:
-
----------
- .
- .
-restart_poll:
- while (ring_is_not_empty()) {
- work-work-work
- if quota is exceeded: exit, not touching irq status/mask
- }
- .
- .
- .
- enable_rx_interrupts()
- netif_rx_complete(dev);
- if (ring_has_new_packet() && netif_rx_reschedule(dev, received)) {
- disable_rx_and_rxnobufs()
- goto restart_poll
- } while (rx_status_is_set);
----------
-
-Basically netif_rx_complete() removes us from the poll list, but because a
-new packet which will never be caught due to the possibility of a race
-might come in, we attempt to re-add ourselves to the poll list.
-
-
-
-
-APPENDIX 3: Scheduling issues.
-==============================
-As seen NAPI moves processing to softirq level. Linux uses the ksoftirqd as the
-general solution to schedule softirq's to run before next interrupt and by putting
-them under scheduler control. Also this prevents consecutive softirq's from
-monopolize the CPU. This also have the effect that the priority of ksoftirq needs
-to be considered when running very CPU-intensive applications and networking to
-get the proper balance of softirq/user balance. Increasing ksoftirq priority to 0
-(eventually more) is reported cure problems with low network performance at high
-CPU load.
-
-Most used processes in a GIGE router:
-USER PID %CPU %MEM SIZE RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
-root 3 0.2 0.0 0 0 ? RWN Aug 15 602:00 (ksoftirqd_CPU0)
-root 232 0.0 7.9 41400 40884 ? S Aug 15 74:12 gated
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-relevant sites:
-==================
-ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/NAPI/
-
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-TODO: Write net-skeleton.c driver.
--------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Authors:
-========
-Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
-Jamal Hadi Salim <hadi@cyberus.ca>
-Robert Olsson <Robert.Olsson@data.slu.se>
-
-Acknowledgements:
-================
-People who made this document better:
-
-Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@gnu.org>
-Andrew Morton <akpm@zip.com.au>
-Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
-Donald Becker <becker@scyld.com>
-Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dccp.txt b/Documentation/networking/dccp.txt
index 4504cc59e40..afb66f9a8af 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/dccp.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/dccp.txt
@@ -38,8 +38,13 @@ Socket options
DCCP_SOCKOPT_SERVICE sets the service. The specification mandates use of
service codes (RFC 4340, sec. 8.1.2); if this socket option is not set,
the socket will fall back to 0 (which means that no meaningful service code
-is present). Connecting sockets set at most one service option; for
-listening sockets, multiple service codes can be specified.
+is present). On active sockets this is set before connect(); specifying more
+than one code has no effect (all subsequent service codes are ignored). The
+case is different for passive sockets, where multiple service codes (up to 32)
+can be set before calling bind().
+
+DCCP_SOCKOPT_GET_CUR_MPS is read-only and retrieves the current maximum packet
+size (application payload size) in bytes, see RFC 4340, section 14.
DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV and DCCP_SOCKOPT_RECV_CSCOV are used for setting the
partial checksum coverage (RFC 4340, sec. 9.2). The default is that checksums
@@ -50,12 +55,13 @@ be enabled at the receiver, too with suitable choice of CsCov.
DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV sets the sender checksum coverage. Values in the
range 0..15 are acceptable. The default setting is 0 (full coverage),
values between 1..15 indicate partial coverage.
-DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV is for the receiver and has a different meaning: it
+DCCP_SOCKOPT_RECV_CSCOV is for the receiver and has a different meaning: it
sets a threshold, where again values 0..15 are acceptable. The default
of 0 means that all packets with a partial coverage will be discarded.
Values in the range 1..15 indicate that packets with minimally such a
coverage value are also acceptable. The higher the number, the more
- restrictive this setting (see [RFC 4340, sec. 9.2.1]).
+ restrictive this setting (see [RFC 4340, sec. 9.2.1]). Partial coverage
+ settings are inherited to the child socket after accept().
The following two options apply to CCID 3 exclusively and are getsockopt()-only.
In either case, a TFRC info struct (defined in <linux/tfrc.h>) is returned.
@@ -112,9 +118,14 @@ tx_qlen = 5
The size of the transmit buffer in packets. A value of 0 corresponds
to an unbounded transmit buffer.
+sync_ratelimit = 125 ms
+ The timeout between subsequent DCCP-Sync packets sent in response to
+ sequence-invalid packets on the same socket (RFC 4340, 7.5.4). The unit
+ of this parameter is milliseconds; a value of 0 disables rate-limiting.
+
Notes
=====
DCCP does not travel through NAT successfully at present on many boxes. This is
-because the checksum covers the psuedo-header as per TCP and UDP. Linux NAT
+because the checksum covers the pseudo-header as per TCP and UDP. Linux NAT
support for DCCP has been added.
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dgrs.txt b/Documentation/networking/dgrs.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1aa1bb3f94a..00000000000
--- a/Documentation/networking/dgrs.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
- The Digi International RightSwitch SE-X (dgrs) Device Driver
-
-This is a Linux driver for the Digi International RightSwitch SE-X
-EISA and PCI boards. These are 4 (EISA) or 6 (PCI) port Ethernet
-switches and a NIC combined into a single board. This driver can
-be compiled into the kernel statically or as a loadable module.
-
-There is also a companion management tool, called "xrightswitch".
-The management tool lets you watch the performance graphically,
-as well as set the SNMP agent IP and IPX addresses, IEEE Spanning
-Tree, and Aging time. These can also be set from the command line
-when the driver is loaded. The driver command line options are:
-
- debug=NNN Debug printing level
- dma=0/1 Disable/Enable DMA on PCI card
- spantree=0/1 Disable/Enable IEEE spanning tree
- hashexpire=NNN Change address aging time (default 300 seconds)
- ipaddr=A,B,C,D Set SNMP agent IP address i.e. 199,86,8,221
- iptrap=A,B,C,D Set SNMP agent IP trap address i.e. 199,86,8,221
- ipxnet=NNN Set SNMP agent IPX network number
- nicmode=0/1 Disable/Enable multiple NIC mode
-
-There is also a tool for setting up input and output packet filters
-on each port, called "dgrsfilt".
-
-Both the management tool and the filtering tool are available
-separately from the following FTP site:
-
- ftp://ftp.dgii.com/drivers/rightswitch/linux/
-
-When nicmode=1, the board and driver operate as 4 or 6 individual
-NIC ports (eth0...eth5) instead of as a switch. All switching
-functions are disabled. In the future, the board firmware may include
-a routing cache when in this mode.
-
-Copyright 1995-1996 Digi International Inc.
-
-This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
-of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
-
-For information on purchasing a RightSwitch SE-4 or SE-6
-board, please contact Digi's sales department at 1-612-912-3444
-or 1-800-DIGIBRD. Outside the U.S., please check our Web page at:
-
- http://www.dgii.com
-
-for sales offices worldwide. Tech support is also available through
-the channels listed on the Web site, although as long as I am
-employed on networking products at Digi I will be happy to provide
-any bug fixes that may be needed.
-
--Rick Richardson, rick@dgii.com
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
index 32c2e9da5f3..6ae2feff308 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
@@ -180,13 +180,20 @@ tcp_fin_timeout - INTEGER
to live longer. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
tcp_frto - INTEGER
- Enables F-RTO, an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
+ Enables Forward RTO-Recovery (F-RTO) defined in RFC4138.
+ F-RTO is an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
timeouts. It is particularly beneficial in wireless environments
where packet loss is typically due to random radio interference
- rather than intermediate router congestion. If set to 1, basic
- version is enabled. 2 enables SACK enhanced F-RTO, which is
- EXPERIMENTAL. The basic version can be used also when SACK is
- enabled for a flow through tcp_sack sysctl.
+ rather than intermediate router congestion. FRTO is sender-side
+ only modification. Therefore it does not require any support from
+ the peer, but in a typical case, however, where wireless link is
+ the local access link and most of the data flows downlink, the
+ faraway servers should have FRTO enabled to take advantage of it.
+ If set to 1, basic version is enabled. 2 enables SACK enhanced
+ F-RTO if flow uses SACK. The basic version can be used also when
+ SACK is in use though scenario(s) with it exists where FRTO
+ interacts badly with the packet counting of the SACK enabled TCP
+ flow.
tcp_frto_response - INTEGER
When F-RTO has detected that a TCP retransmission timeout was
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt b/Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt
index 53ef7a06f49..84906ef3ed6 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt
@@ -13,15 +13,35 @@ The radiotap format is discussed in
./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.txt.
Despite 13 radiotap argument types are currently defined, most only make sense
-to appear on received packets. Currently three kinds of argument are used by
-the injection code, although it knows to skip any other arguments that are
-present (facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly):
+to appear on received packets. The following information is parsed from the
+radiotap headers and used to control injection:
- - IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE - u8 arg in 500kbps units (0x02 --> 1Mbps)
+ * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
- - IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA - u8 arg, 0x00 = ant1, 0x01 = ant2
+ rate in 500kbps units, automatic if invalid or not present
- - IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER - u8 arg, dBm
+
+ * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA
+
+ antenna to use, automatic if not present
+
+
+ * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER
+
+ transmit power in dBm, automatic if not present
+
+
+ * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
+
+ IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS: FCS will be removed and recalculated
+ IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP: frame will be encrypted if key available
+ IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG: frame will be fragmented if longer than the
+ current fragmentation threshold. Note that
+ this flag is only reliable when software
+ fragmentation is enabled)
+
+The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields
+facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly.
Here is an example valid radiotap header defining these three parameters
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt
index 1caa6c73469..3c2f2b32863 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, 2001.09.17
2.6 port and netpoll api by Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>, Sep 9 2003
Please send bug reports to Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
+and Satyam Sharma <satyam.sharma@gmail.com>
+
+Introduction:
+=============
This module logs kernel printk messages over UDP allowing debugging of
problem where disk logging fails and serial consoles are impractical.
@@ -13,6 +17,9 @@ the specified interface as soon as possible. While this doesn't allow
capture of early kernel panics, it does capture most of the boot
process.
+Sender and receiver configuration:
+==================================
+
It takes a string configuration parameter "netconsole" in the
following format:
@@ -34,21 +41,113 @@ Examples:
insmod netconsole netconsole=@/,@10.0.0.2/
+It also supports logging to multiple remote agents by specifying
+parameters for the multiple agents separated by semicolons and the
+complete string enclosed in "quotes", thusly:
+
+ modprobe netconsole netconsole="@/,@10.0.0.2/;@/eth1,6892@10.0.0.3/"
+
Built-in netconsole starts immediately after the TCP stack is
initialized and attempts to bring up the supplied dev at the supplied
address.
The remote host can run either 'netcat -u -l -p <port>' or syslogd.
+Dynamic reconfiguration:
+========================
+
+Dynamic reconfigurability is a useful addition to netconsole that enables
+remote logging targets to be dynamically added, removed, or have their
+parameters reconfigured at runtime from a configfs-based userspace interface.
+[ Note that the parameters of netconsole targets that were specified/created
+from the boot/module option are not exposed via this interface, and hence
+cannot be modified dynamically. ]
+
+To include this feature, select CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC when building the
+netconsole module (or kernel, if netconsole is built-in).
+
+Some examples follow (where configfs is mounted at the /sys/kernel/config
+mountpoint).
+
+To add a remote logging target (target names can be arbitrary):
+
+ cd /sys/kernel/config/netconsole/
+ mkdir target1
+
+Note that newly created targets have default parameter values (as mentioned
+above) and are disabled by default -- they must first be enabled by writing
+"1" to the "enabled" attribute (usually after setting parameters accordingly)
+as described below.
+
+To remove a target:
+
+ rmdir /sys/kernel/config/netconsole/othertarget/
+
+The interface exposes these parameters of a netconsole target to userspace:
+
+ enabled Is this target currently enabled? (read-write)
+ dev_name Local network interface name (read-write)
+ local_port Source UDP port to use (read-write)
+ remote_port Remote agent's UDP port (read-write)
+ local_ip Source IP address to use (read-write)
+ remote_ip Remote agent's IP address (read-write)
+ local_mac Local interface's MAC address (read-only)
+ remote_mac Remote agent's MAC address (read-write)
+
+The "enabled" attribute is also used to control whether the parameters of
+a target can be updated or not -- you can modify the parameters of only
+disabled targets (i.e. if "enabled" is 0).
+
+To update a target's parameters:
+
+ cat enabled # check if enabled is 1
+ echo 0 > enabled # disable the target (if required)
+ echo eth2 > dev_name # set local interface
+ echo 10.0.0.4 > remote_ip # update some parameter
+ echo cb:a9:87:65:43:21 > remote_mac # update more parameters
+ echo 1 > enabled # enable target again
+
+You can also update the local interface dynamically. This is especially
+useful if you want to use interfaces that have newly come up (and may not
+have existed when netconsole was loaded / initialized).
+
+Miscellaneous notes:
+====================
+
WARNING: the default target ethernet setting uses the broadcast
ethernet address to send packets, which can cause increased load on
other systems on the same ethernet segment.
+TIP: some LAN switches may be configured to suppress ethernet broadcasts
+so it is advised to explicitly specify the remote agents' MAC addresses
+from the config parameters passed to netconsole.
+
+TIP: to find out the MAC address of, say, 10.0.0.2, you may try using:
+
+ ping -c 1 10.0.0.2 ; /sbin/arp -n | grep 10.0.0.2
+
+TIP: in case the remote logging agent is on a separate LAN subnet than
+the sender, it is suggested to try specifying the MAC address of the
+default gateway (you may use /sbin/route -n to find it out) as the
+remote MAC address instead.
+
NOTE: the network device (eth1 in the above case) can run any kind
of other network traffic, netconsole is not intrusive. Netconsole
might cause slight delays in other traffic if the volume of kernel
messages is high, but should have no other impact.
+NOTE: if you find that the remote logging agent is not receiving or
+printing all messages from the sender, it is likely that you have set
+the "console_loglevel" parameter (on the sender) to only send high
+priority messages to the console. You can change this at runtime using:
+
+ dmesg -n 8
+
+or by specifying "debug" on the kernel command line at boot, to send
+all kernel messages to the console. A specific value for this parameter
+can also be set using the "loglevel" kernel boot option. See the
+dmesg(8) man page and Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt for details.
+
Netconsole was designed to be as instantaneous as possible, to
enable the logging of even the most critical kernel bugs. It works
from IRQ contexts as well, and does not enable interrupts while
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt b/Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
index 37869295fc7..d0f71fc7f78 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ dev->hard_start_xmit:
has to lock by itself when needed. It is recommended to use a try lock
for this and return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED when the spin lock fails.
The locking there should also properly protect against
- set_multicast_list.
+ set_multicast_list. Note that the use of NETIF_F_LLTX is deprecated.
+ Dont use it for new drivers.
Context: Process with BHs disabled or BH (timer),
will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.
@@ -95,9 +96,13 @@ dev->set_multicast_list:
Synchronization: netif_tx_lock spinlock.
Context: BHs disabled
-dev->poll:
- Synchronization: __LINK_STATE_RX_SCHED bit in dev->state. See
- dev_close code and comments in net/core/dev.c for more info.
+struct napi_struct synchronization rules
+========================================
+napi->poll:
+ Synchronization: NAPI_STATE_SCHED bit in napi->state. Device
+ driver's dev->close method will invoke napi_disable() on
+ all NAPI instances which will do a sleeping poll on the
+ NAPI_STATE_SCHED napi->state bit, waiting for all pending
+ NAPI activity to cease.
Context: softirq
will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.
-
generated by cgit v1.2.3-18-g5258 (git 2.32.0) at 2024-12-13 12:45:38 +0000