Merge branch 'master' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6

17 files changed, 466 insertions, 406 deletions

diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index 636b3b52ef8..4b20fa2b7e6 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -1373,12 +1373,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl_compat);
 static int snd_ctl_fasync(int fd, struct file * file, int on)
 {
 	struct snd_ctl_file *ctl;
-	int err;
+
 	ctl = file->private_data;
-	err = fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &ctl->fasync);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &ctl->fasync);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/core/hwdep.c b/sound/core/hwdep.c
index 195cafc5a55..a70ee7f1ed9 100644
--- a/sound/core/hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/core/hwdep.c
@@ -99,9 +99,6 @@ static int snd_hwdep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
 	if (hw == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	if (!hw->ops.open)
-		return -ENXIO;
-
 	if (!try_module_get(hw->card->module))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
@@ -113,6 +110,10 @@ static int snd_hwdep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
 			err = -EBUSY;
 			break;
 		}
+		if (!hw->ops.open) {
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		}
 		err = hw->ops.open(hw, file);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ static int snd_hwdep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
 
 static int snd_hwdep_release(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
 {
-	int err = -ENXIO;
+	int err = 0;
 	struct snd_hwdep *hw = file->private_data;
 	struct module *mod = hw->card->module;
 
diff --git a/sound/core/info.c b/sound/core/info.c
index 70fa87189f3..35df614f6c5 100644
--- a/sound/core/info.c
+++ b/sound/core/info.c
@@ -154,11 +154,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_root);
 struct snd_info_entry *snd_oss_root;
 #endif
 
-static inline void snd_info_entry_prepare(struct proc_dir_entry *de)
-{
-	de->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-}
-
 static void snd_remove_proc_entry(struct proc_dir_entry *parent,
 				  struct proc_dir_entry *de)
 {
@@ -522,32 +517,11 @@ static const struct file_operations snd_info_entry_operations =
 	.release =		snd_info_entry_release,
 };
 
-/**
- * snd_create_proc_entry - create a procfs entry
- * @name: the name of the proc file
- * @mode: the file permission bits, S_Ixxx
- * @parent: the parent proc-directory entry
- *
- * Creates a new proc file entry with the given name and permission
- * on the given directory.
- *
- * Returns the pointer of new instance or NULL on failure.
- */
-static struct proc_dir_entry *snd_create_proc_entry(const char *name, mode_t mode,
-						    struct proc_dir_entry *parent)
-{
-	struct proc_dir_entry *p;
-	p = create_proc_entry(name, mode, parent);
-	if (p)
-		snd_info_entry_prepare(p);
-	return p;
-}
-
 int __init snd_info_init(void)
 {
 	struct proc_dir_entry *p;
 
-	p = snd_create_proc_entry("asound", S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO, NULL);
+	p = create_proc_entry("asound", S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO, NULL);
 	if (p == NULL)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	snd_proc_root = p;
@@ -974,12 +948,11 @@ int snd_info_register(struct snd_info_entry * entry)
 		return -ENXIO;
 	root = entry->parent == NULL ? snd_proc_root : entry->parent->p;
 	mutex_lock(&info_mutex);
-	p = snd_create_proc_entry(entry->name, entry->mode, root);
+	p = create_proc_entry(entry->name, entry->mode, root);
 	if (!p) {
 		mutex_unlock(&info_mutex);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
-	p->owner = entry->module;
 	if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode))
 		p->proc_fops = &snd_info_entry_operations;
 	p->size = entry->size;
diff --git a/sound/core/init.c b/sound/core/init.c
index 0d5520c415d..fd56afe846e 100644
--- a/sound/core/init.c
+++ b/sound/core/init.c
@@ -121,31 +121,44 @@ static inline int init_info_for_card(struct snd_card *card)
 #endif
 
 /**
- *  snd_card_new - create and initialize a soundcard structure
+ *  snd_card_create - create and initialize a soundcard structure
  *  @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
  *  @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
  *  @module: top level module for locking
  *  @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
+ *  @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
  *
  *  Creates and initializes a soundcard structure.
  *
- *  Returns kmallocated snd_card structure. Creates the ALSA control interface
- *  (which is blocked until snd_card_register function is called).
+ *  The function allocates snd_card instance via kzalloc with the given
+ *  space for the driver to use freely.  The allocated struct is stored
+ *  in the given card_ret pointer.
+ *
+ *  Returns zero if successful or a negative error code.
  */
-struct snd_card *snd_card_new(int idx, const char *xid,
-			 struct module *module, int extra_size)
+int snd_card_create(int idx, const char *xid,
+		    struct module *module, int extra_size,
+		    struct snd_card **card_ret)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err, idx2;
 
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card_ret))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	*card_ret = NULL;
+
 	if (extra_size < 0)
 		extra_size = 0;
 	card = kzalloc(sizeof(*card) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	if (!card)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 	if (xid) {
-		if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(xid))
+		if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(xid)) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR
+				   "given id string '%s' is reserved.\n", xid);
+			err = -EBUSY;
 			goto __error;
+		}
 		strlcpy(card->id, xid, sizeof(card->id));
 	}
 	err = 0;
@@ -195,6 +208,7 @@ struct snd_card *snd_card_new(int idx, const char *xid,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->controls);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->ctl_files);
 	spin_lock_init(&card->files_lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->files_list);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&card->shutdown_sleep);
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
 	mutex_init(&card->power_lock);
@@ -202,26 +216,28 @@ struct snd_card *snd_card_new(int idx, const char *xid,
 #endif
 	/* the control interface cannot be accessed from the user space until */
 	/* snd_cards_bitmask and snd_cards are set with snd_card_register */
-	if ((err = snd_ctl_create(card)) < 0) {
-		snd_printd("unable to register control minors\n");
+	err = snd_ctl_create(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register control minors\n");
 		goto __error;
 	}
-	if ((err = snd_info_card_create(card)) < 0) {
-		snd_printd("unable to create card info\n");
+	err = snd_info_card_create(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to create card info\n");
 		goto __error_ctl;
 	}
 	if (extra_size > 0)
 		card->private_data = (char *)card + sizeof(struct snd_card);
-	return card;
+	*card_ret = card;
+	return 0;
 
       __error_ctl:
 	snd_device_free_all(card, SNDRV_DEV_CMD_PRE);
       __error:
 	kfree(card);
-      	return NULL;
+  	return err;
 }
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_new);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_create);
 
 /* return non-zero if a card is already locked */
 int snd_card_locked(int card)
@@ -259,6 +275,7 @@ static int snd_disconnect_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	list_for_each_entry(_df, &shutdown_files, shutdown_list) {
 		if (_df->file == file) {
 			df = _df;
+			list_del_init(&df->shutdown_list);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -347,8 +364,7 @@ int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card)
 	/* phase 2: replace file->f_op with special dummy operations */
 	
 	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
-	mfile = card->files;
-	while (mfile) {
+	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
 		file = mfile->file;
 
 		/* it's critical part, use endless loop */
@@ -361,8 +377,6 @@ int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card)
 
 		mfile->file->f_op = &snd_shutdown_f_ops;
 		fops_get(mfile->file->f_op);
-		
-		mfile = mfile->next;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);	
 
@@ -442,7 +456,7 @@ int snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card)
 		return ret;
 
 	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
-	if (card->files == NULL)
+	if (list_empty(&card->files_list))
 		free_now = 1;
 	else
 		card->free_on_last_close = 1;
@@ -462,7 +476,7 @@ int snd_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 		return ret;
 
 	/* wait, until all devices are ready for the free operation */
-	wait_event(card->shutdown_sleep, card->files == NULL);
+	wait_event(card->shutdown_sleep, list_empty(&card->files_list));
 	snd_card_do_free(card);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -809,15 +823,13 @@ int snd_card_file_add(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	mfile->file = file;
 	mfile->disconnected_f_op = NULL;
-	mfile->next = NULL;
 	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
 	if (card->shutdown) {
 		spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
 		kfree(mfile);
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
-	mfile->next = card->files;
-	card->files = mfile;
+	list_add(&mfile->list, &card->files_list);
 	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -839,29 +851,20 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_file_add);
  */
 int snd_card_file_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
 {
-	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile, *pfile = NULL;
+	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile, *found = NULL;
 	int last_close = 0;
 
 	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
-	mfile = card->files;
-	while (mfile) {
+	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
 		if (mfile->file == file) {
-			if (pfile)
-				pfile->next = mfile->next;
-			else
-				card->files = mfile->next;
+			list_del(&mfile->list);
+			if (mfile->disconnected_f_op)
+				fops_put(mfile->disconnected_f_op);
+			found = mfile;
 			break;
 		}
-		pfile = mfile;
-		mfile = mfile->next;
-	}
-	if (mfile && mfile->disconnected_f_op) {
-		fops_put(mfile->disconnected_f_op);
-		spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
-		list_del(&mfile->shutdown_list);
-		spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
 	}
-	if (card->files == NULL)
+	if (list_empty(&card->files_list))
 		last_close = 1;
 	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
 	if (last_close) {
@@ -869,11 +872,11 @@ int snd_card_file_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
 		if (card->free_on_last_close)
 			snd_card_do_free(card);
 	}
-	if (!mfile) {
+	if (!found) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "ALSA card file remove problem (%p)\n", file);
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-	kfree(mfile);
+	kfree(found);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/core/jack.c b/sound/core/jack.c
index 077a85262c1..c8254c667c6 100644
--- a/sound/core/jack.c
+++ b/sound/core/jack.c
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@
 #include <sound/jack.h>
 #include <sound/core.h>
 
+static int jack_types[] = {
+	SW_HEADPHONE_INSERT,
+	SW_MICROPHONE_INSERT,
+	SW_LINEOUT_INSERT,
+	SW_JACK_PHYSICAL_INSERT,
+	SW_VIDEOOUT_INSERT,
+};
+
 static int snd_jack_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_jack *jack = device->device_data;
@@ -79,6 +87,7 @@ int snd_jack_new(struct snd_card *card, const char *id, int type,
 {
 	struct snd_jack *jack;
 	int err;
+	int i;
 	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
 		.dev_free = snd_jack_dev_free,
 		.dev_register = snd_jack_dev_register,
@@ -100,18 +109,10 @@ int snd_jack_new(struct snd_card *card, const char *id, int type,
 
 	jack->type = type;
 
-	if (type & SND_JACK_HEADPHONE)
-		input_set_capability(jack->input_dev, EV_SW,
-				     SW_HEADPHONE_INSERT);
-	if (type & SND_JACK_LINEOUT)
-		input_set_capability(jack->input_dev, EV_SW,
-				     SW_LINEOUT_INSERT);
-	if (type & SND_JACK_MICROPHONE)
-		input_set_capability(jack->input_dev, EV_SW,
-				     SW_MICROPHONE_INSERT);
-	if (type & SND_JACK_MECHANICAL)
-		input_set_capability(jack->input_dev, EV_SW,
-				     SW_JACK_PHYSICAL_INSERT);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(jack_types); i++)
+		if (type & (1 << i))
+			input_set_capability(jack->input_dev, EV_SW,
+					     jack_types[i]);
 
 	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_JACK, jack, &ops);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -154,21 +155,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_jack_set_parent);
  */
 void snd_jack_report(struct snd_jack *jack, int status)
 {
+	int i;
+
 	if (!jack)
 		return;
 
-	if (jack->type & SND_JACK_HEADPHONE)
-		input_report_switch(jack->input_dev, SW_HEADPHONE_INSERT,
-				    status & SND_JACK_HEADPHONE);
-	if (jack->type & SND_JACK_LINEOUT)
-		input_report_switch(jack->input_dev, SW_LINEOUT_INSERT,
-				    status & SND_JACK_LINEOUT);
-	if (jack->type & SND_JACK_MICROPHONE)
-		input_report_switch(jack->input_dev, SW_MICROPHONE_INSERT,
-				    status & SND_JACK_MICROPHONE);
-	if (jack->type & SND_JACK_MECHANICAL)
-		input_report_switch(jack->input_dev, SW_JACK_PHYSICAL_INSERT,
-				    status & SND_JACK_MECHANICAL);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(jack_types); i++) {
+		int testbit = 1 << i;
+		if (jack->type & testbit)
+			input_report_switch(jack->input_dev, jack_types[i],
+					    status & testbit);
+	}
 
 	input_sync(jack->input_dev);
 }
diff --git a/sound/core/misc.c b/sound/core/misc.c
index 38524f615d9..a9710e0c97a 100644
--- a/sound/core/misc.c
+++ b/sound/core/misc.c
@@ -95,12 +95,14 @@ snd_pci_quirk_lookup(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct snd_pci_quirk *list)
 {
 	const struct snd_pci_quirk *q;
 
-	for (q = list; q->subvendor; q++)
-		if (q->subvendor == pci->subsystem_vendor &&
-		    (!q->subdevice || q->subdevice == pci->subsystem_device))
+	for (q = list; q->subvendor; q++) {
+		if (q->subvendor != pci->subsystem_vendor)
+			continue;
+		if (!q->subdevice ||
+		    (pci->subsystem_device & q->subdevice_mask) == q->subdevice)
 			return q;
+	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pci_quirk_lookup);
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
index 699d2890535..dda000b9684 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
@@ -1160,9 +1160,11 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_write3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, const
 		    runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
 			if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN)
-				printk("pcm_oss: write: recovering from XRUN\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: write: "
+				       "recovering from XRUN\n");
 			else
-				printk("pcm_oss: write: recovering from SUSPEND\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: write: "
+				       "recovering from SUSPEND\n");
 #endif
 			ret = snd_pcm_oss_prepare(substream);
 			if (ret < 0)
@@ -1196,9 +1198,11 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_read3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, char *p
 		    runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
 			if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN)
-				printk("pcm_oss: read: recovering from XRUN\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: read: "
+				       "recovering from XRUN\n");
 			else
-				printk("pcm_oss: read: recovering from SUSPEND\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: read: "
+				       "recovering from SUSPEND\n");
 #endif
 			ret = snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DRAIN, NULL);
 			if (ret < 0)
@@ -1242,9 +1246,11 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_writev3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, void
 		    runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
 			if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN)
-				printk("pcm_oss: writev: recovering from XRUN\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: writev: "
+				       "recovering from XRUN\n");
 			else
-				printk("pcm_oss: writev: recovering from SUSPEND\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: writev: "
+				       "recovering from SUSPEND\n");
 #endif
 			ret = snd_pcm_oss_prepare(substream);
 			if (ret < 0)
@@ -1278,9 +1284,11 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_readv3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, void *
 		    runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
 			if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN)
-				printk("pcm_oss: readv: recovering from XRUN\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: readv: "
+				       "recovering from XRUN\n");
 			else
-				printk("pcm_oss: readv: recovering from SUSPEND\n");
+				printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: readv: "
+				       "recovering from SUSPEND\n");
 #endif
 			ret = snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DRAIN, NULL);
 			if (ret < 0)
@@ -1533,7 +1541,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_sync1(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, size_t size)
 	init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
 	add_wait_queue(&runtime->sleep, &wait);
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("sync1: size = %li\n", size);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "sync1: size = %li\n", size);
 #endif
 	while (1) {
 		result = snd_pcm_oss_write2(substream, runtime->oss.buffer, size, 1);
@@ -1590,7 +1598,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_sync(struct snd_pcm_oss_file *pcm_oss_file)
 		mutex_lock(&runtime->oss.params_lock);
 		if (runtime->oss.buffer_used > 0) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-			printk("sync: buffer_used\n");
+			printk(KERN_DEBUG "sync: buffer_used\n");
 #endif
 			size = (8 * (runtime->oss.period_bytes - runtime->oss.buffer_used) + 7) / width;
 			snd_pcm_format_set_silence(format,
@@ -1603,7 +1611,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_sync(struct snd_pcm_oss_file *pcm_oss_file)
 			}
 		} else if (runtime->oss.period_ptr > 0) {
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-			printk("sync: period_ptr\n");
+			printk(KERN_DEBUG "sync: period_ptr\n");
 #endif
 			size = runtime->oss.period_bytes - runtime->oss.period_ptr;
 			snd_pcm_format_set_silence(format,
@@ -1895,7 +1903,9 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_set_fragment(struct snd_pcm_oss_file *pcm_oss_file, unsig
 
 static int snd_pcm_oss_nonblock(struct file * file)
 {
+	spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
 	file->f_flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
+	spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1952,7 +1962,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_set_trigger(struct snd_pcm_oss_file *pcm_oss_file, int tr
 	int err, cmd;
 
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: trigger = 0x%x\n", trigger);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: trigger = 0x%x\n", trigger);
 #endif
 	
 	psubstream = pcm_oss_file->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK];
@@ -2170,7 +2180,9 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_get_space(struct snd_pcm_oss_file *pcm_oss_file, int stre
 	}
 
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: space: bytes = %i, fragments = %i, fragstotal = %i, fragsize = %i\n", info.bytes, info.fragments, info.fragstotal, info.fragsize);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: space: bytes = %i, fragments = %i, "
+	       "fragstotal = %i, fragsize = %i\n",
+	       info.bytes, info.fragments, info.fragstotal, info.fragsize);
 #endif
 	if (copy_to_user(_info, &info, sizeof(info)))
 		return -EFAULT;
@@ -2473,7 +2485,7 @@ static long snd_pcm_oss_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long
 	if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'P')
 		return -EINVAL;
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: ioctl = 0x%x\n", cmd);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: ioctl = 0x%x\n", cmd);
 #endif
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDCTL_DSP_RESET:
@@ -2627,7 +2639,8 @@ static ssize_t snd_pcm_oss_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t coun
 #else
 	{
 		ssize_t res = snd_pcm_oss_read1(substream, buf, count);
-		printk("pcm_oss: read %li bytes (returned %li bytes)\n", (long)count, (long)res);
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: read %li bytes "
+		       "(returned %li bytes)\n", (long)count, (long)res);
 		return res;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -2646,7 +2659,8 @@ static ssize_t snd_pcm_oss_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size
 	substream->f_flags = file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK;
 	result = snd_pcm_oss_write1(substream, buf, count);
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: write %li bytes (wrote %li bytes)\n", (long)count, (long)result);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: write %li bytes (wrote %li bytes)\n",
+	       (long)count, (long)result);
 #endif
 	return result;
 }
@@ -2720,7 +2734,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *area)
 	int err;
 
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: mmap begin\n");
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: mmap begin\n");
 #endif
 	pcm_oss_file = file->private_data;
 	switch ((area->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_WRITE))) {
@@ -2770,7 +2784,8 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *area)
 	runtime->silence_threshold = 0;
 	runtime->silence_size = 0;
 #ifdef OSS_DEBUG
-	printk("pcm_oss: mmap ok, bytes = 0x%x\n", runtime->oss.mmap_bytes);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "pcm_oss: mmap ok, bytes = 0x%x\n",
+	       runtime->oss.mmap_bytes);
 #endif
 	/* In mmap mode we never stop */
 	runtime->stop_threshold = runtime->boundary;
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
index ca2f4c39be4..b9afab60371 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ static inline int snd_pcm_plug_slave_format(int format, struct snd_mask *format_
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PLUGIN_DEBUG
-#define pdprintf( fmt, args... ) printk( "plugin: " fmt, ##args)
+#define pdprintf(fmt, args...) printk(KERN_DEBUG "plugin: " fmt, ##args)
 #else
-#define pdprintf( fmt, args... ) 
+#define pdprintf(fmt, args...)
 #endif
 
 #endif				/* __PCM_PLUGIN_H */
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index 192a433a240..145931a9ff3 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -667,7 +667,6 @@ int snd_pcm_new_stream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream, int substream_count)
 		spin_lock_init(&substream->self_group.lock);
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->self_group.substreams);
 		list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->self_group.substreams);
-		spin_lock_init(&substream->timer_lock);
 		atomic_set(&substream->mmap_count, 0);
 		prev = substream;
 	}
@@ -692,7 +691,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_new_stream);
  *
  * Returns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
  */
-int snd_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card, char *id, int device,
+int snd_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card, const char *id, int device,
 		int playback_count, int capture_count,
 	        struct snd_pcm ** rpcm)
 {
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
index 921691080f3..fbb2e391591 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
@@ -125,23 +125,32 @@ void snd_pcm_playback_silence(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, snd_pcm_ufram
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
+#define xrun_debug(substream)	((substream)->pstr->xrun_debug)
+#else
+#define xrun_debug(substream)	0
+#endif
+
+#define dump_stack_on_xrun(substream) do {	\
+		if (xrun_debug(substream) > 1)	\
+			dump_stack();		\
+	} while (0)
+
 static void xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
-	if (substream->pstr->xrun_debug) {
+	if (xrun_debug(substream)) {
 		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "XRUN: pcmC%dD%d%c\n",
 			   substream->pcm->card->number,
 			   substream->pcm->device,
 			   substream->stream ? 'c' : 'p');
-		if (substream->pstr->xrun_debug > 1)
-			dump_stack();
+		dump_stack_on_xrun(substream);
 	}
-#endif
 }
 
-static inline snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_pos(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-							  struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t
+snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_pos(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			  struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
 {
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t pos;
 
@@ -150,17 +159,21 @@ static inline snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_pos(struct snd_pcm_substre
 	pos = substream->ops->pointer(substream);
 	if (pos == SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN)
 		return pos; /* XRUN */
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 	if (pos >= runtime->buffer_size) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR  "BUG: stream = %i, pos = 0x%lx, buffer size = 0x%lx, period size = 0x%lx\n", substream->stream, pos, runtime->buffer_size, runtime->period_size);
+		if (printk_ratelimit()) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_ERR  "BUG: stream = %i, pos = 0x%lx, "
+				   "buffer size = 0x%lx, period size = 0x%lx\n",
+				   substream->stream, pos, runtime->buffer_size,
+				   runtime->period_size);
+		}
+		pos = 0;
 	}
-#endif
 	pos -= pos % runtime->min_align;
 	return pos;
 }
 
-static inline int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-					     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
 {
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
 
@@ -182,11 +195,21 @@ static inline int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_interrupt(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+#define hw_ptr_error(substream, fmt, args...)				\
+	do {								\
+		if (xrun_debug(substream)) {				\
+			if (printk_ratelimit()) {			\
+				snd_printd("PCM: " fmt, ##args);	\
+			}						\
+			dump_stack_on_xrun(substream);			\
+		}							\
+	} while (0)
+
+static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_interrupt(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t pos;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t new_hw_ptr, hw_ptr_interrupt;
+	snd_pcm_uframes_t new_hw_ptr, hw_ptr_interrupt, hw_base;
 	snd_pcm_sframes_t delta;
 
 	pos = snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_pos(substream, runtime);
@@ -194,36 +217,53 @@ static inline int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_interrupt(struct snd_pcm_substream *subs
 		xrun(substream);
 		return -EPIPE;
 	}
-	if (runtime->period_size == runtime->buffer_size)
-		goto __next_buf;
-	new_hw_ptr = runtime->hw_ptr_base + pos;
+	hw_base = runtime->hw_ptr_base;
+	new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
 	hw_ptr_interrupt = runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt + runtime->period_size;
-
-	delta = hw_ptr_interrupt - new_hw_ptr;
-	if (delta > 0) {
-		if ((snd_pcm_uframes_t)delta < runtime->buffer_size / 2) {
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
-			if (runtime->periods > 1 && substream->pstr->xrun_debug) {
-				snd_printd(KERN_ERR "Unexpected hw_pointer value [1] (stream = %i, delta: -%ld, max jitter = %ld): wrong interrupt acknowledge?\n", substream->stream, (long) delta, runtime->buffer_size / 2);
-				if (substream->pstr->xrun_debug > 1)
-					dump_stack();
-			}
-#endif
-			return 0;
+	delta = new_hw_ptr - hw_ptr_interrupt;
+	if (hw_ptr_interrupt >= runtime->boundary) {
+		hw_ptr_interrupt -= runtime->boundary;
+		if (hw_base < runtime->boundary / 2)
+			/* hw_base was already lapped; recalc delta */
+			delta = new_hw_ptr - hw_ptr_interrupt;
+	}
+	if (delta < 0) {
+		delta += runtime->buffer_size;
+		if (delta < 0) {
+			hw_ptr_error(substream, 
+				     "Unexpected hw_pointer value "
+				     "(stream=%i, pos=%ld, intr_ptr=%ld)\n",
+				     substream->stream, (long)pos,
+				     (long)hw_ptr_interrupt);
+			/* rebase to interrupt position */
+			hw_base = new_hw_ptr = hw_ptr_interrupt;
+			/* align hw_base to buffer_size */
+			hw_base -= hw_base % runtime->buffer_size;
+			delta = 0;
+		} else {
+			hw_base += runtime->buffer_size;
+			if (hw_base >= runtime->boundary)
+				hw_base = 0;
+			new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
 		}
-	      __next_buf:
-		runtime->hw_ptr_base += runtime->buffer_size;
-		if (runtime->hw_ptr_base == runtime->boundary)
-			runtime->hw_ptr_base = 0;
-		new_hw_ptr = runtime->hw_ptr_base + pos;
 	}
-
+	if (delta > runtime->period_size) {
+		hw_ptr_error(substream,
+			     "Lost interrupts? "
+			     "(stream=%i, delta=%ld, intr_ptr=%ld)\n",
+			     substream->stream, (long)delta,
+			     (long)hw_ptr_interrupt);
+		/* rebase hw_ptr_interrupt */
+		hw_ptr_interrupt =
+			new_hw_ptr - new_hw_ptr % runtime->period_size;
+	}
 	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
 	    runtime->silence_size > 0)
 		snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, new_hw_ptr);
 
+	runtime->hw_ptr_base = hw_base;
 	runtime->status->hw_ptr = new_hw_ptr;
-	runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt = new_hw_ptr - new_hw_ptr % runtime->period_size;
+	runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt = hw_ptr_interrupt;
 
 	return snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post(substream, runtime);
 }
@@ -233,7 +273,7 @@ int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t pos;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t old_hw_ptr, new_hw_ptr;
+	snd_pcm_uframes_t old_hw_ptr, new_hw_ptr, hw_base;
 	snd_pcm_sframes_t delta;
 
 	old_hw_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
@@ -242,29 +282,38 @@ int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		xrun(substream);
 		return -EPIPE;
 	}
-	new_hw_ptr = runtime->hw_ptr_base + pos;
-
-	delta = old_hw_ptr - new_hw_ptr;
-	if (delta > 0) {
-		if ((snd_pcm_uframes_t)delta < runtime->buffer_size / 2) {
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
-			if (runtime->periods > 2 && substream->pstr->xrun_debug) {
-				snd_printd(KERN_ERR "Unexpected hw_pointer value [2] (stream = %i, delta: -%ld, max jitter = %ld): wrong interrupt acknowledge?\n", substream->stream, (long) delta, runtime->buffer_size / 2);
-				if (substream->pstr->xrun_debug > 1)
-					dump_stack();
-			}
-#endif
+	hw_base = runtime->hw_ptr_base;
+	new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
+
+	delta = new_hw_ptr - old_hw_ptr;
+	if (delta < 0) {
+		delta += runtime->buffer_size;
+		if (delta < 0) {
+			hw_ptr_error(substream, 
+				     "Unexpected hw_pointer value [2] "
+				     "(stream=%i, pos=%ld, old_ptr=%ld)\n",
+				     substream->stream, (long)pos,
+				     (long)old_hw_ptr);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		runtime->hw_ptr_base += runtime->buffer_size;
-		if (runtime->hw_ptr_base == runtime->boundary)
-			runtime->hw_ptr_base = 0;
-		new_hw_ptr = runtime->hw_ptr_base + pos;
+		hw_base += runtime->buffer_size;
+		if (hw_base >= runtime->boundary)
+			hw_base = 0;
+		new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
+	}
+	if (delta > runtime->period_size && runtime->periods > 1) {
+		hw_ptr_error(substream,
+			     "hw_ptr skipping! "
+			     "(pos=%ld, delta=%ld, period=%ld)\n",
+			     (long)pos, (long)delta,
+			     (long)runtime->period_size);
+		return 0;
 	}
 	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
 	    runtime->silence_size > 0)
 		snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, new_hw_ptr);
 
+	runtime->hw_ptr_base = hw_base;
 	runtime->status->hw_ptr = new_hw_ptr;
 
 	return snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post(substream, runtime);
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
index a789efc9df3..a151fb01ba8 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_native.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
 			continue;
 #ifdef RULES_DEBUG
-		printk("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
 		printk("%04x%04x%04x%04x -> ", m->bits[3], m->bits[2], m->bits[1], m->bits[0]);
 #endif
 		changed = snd_mask_refine(m, constrs_mask(constrs, k));
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
 			continue;
 #ifdef RULES_DEBUG
-		printk("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
 		if (i->empty)
 			printk("empty");
 		else
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			if (!doit)
 				continue;
 #ifdef RULES_DEBUG
-			printk("Rule %d [%p]: ", k, r->func);
+			printk(KERN_DEBUG "Rule %d [%p]: ", k, r->func);
 			if (r->var >= 0) {
 				printk("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[r->var]);
 				if (hw_is_mask(r->var)) {
@@ -3246,9 +3246,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_fasync(int fd, struct file * file, int on)
 	err = fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &runtime->fasync);
 out:
 	unlock_kernel();
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_timer.c b/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
index 2c89c04f291..ca8068b63d6 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
@@ -85,25 +85,19 @@ static unsigned long snd_pcm_timer_resolution(struct snd_timer * timer)
 
 static int snd_pcm_timer_start(struct snd_timer * timer)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	
 	substream = snd_timer_chip(timer);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&substream->timer_lock, flags);
 	substream->timer_running = 1;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&substream->timer_lock, flags);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int snd_pcm_timer_stop(struct snd_timer * timer)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	
 	substream = snd_timer_chip(timer);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&substream->timer_lock, flags);
 	substream->timer_running = 0;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&substream->timer_lock, flags);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi.c b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
index 002777ba336..473247c8e6d 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
@@ -224,156 +224,143 @@ int snd_rawmidi_drain_input(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(struct snd_card *card, int device, int subdevice,
-			    int mode, struct snd_rawmidi_file * rfile)
+/* look for an available substream for the given stream direction;
+ * if a specific subdevice is given, try to assign it
+ */
+static int assign_substream(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi, int subdevice,
+			    int stream, int mode,
+			    struct snd_rawmidi_substream **sub_ret)
+{
+	struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream;
+	struct snd_rawmidi_str *s = &rmidi->streams[stream];
+	static unsigned int info_flags[2] = {
+		[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT] = SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_OUTPUT,
+		[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT] = SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_INPUT,
+	};
+
+	if (!(rmidi->info_flags & info_flags[stream]))
+		return -ENXIO;
+	if (subdevice >= 0 && subdevice >= s->substream_count)
+		return -ENODEV;
+	if (s->substream_opened >= s->substream_count)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(substream, &s->substreams, list) {
+		if (substream->opened) {
+			if (stream == SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT ||
+			    !(mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_APPEND))
+				continue;
+		}
+		if (subdevice < 0 || subdevice == substream->number) {
+			*sub_ret = substream;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -EAGAIN;
+}
+
+/* open and do ref-counting for the given substream */
+static int open_substream(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi,
+			  struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
+			  int mode)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_rawmidi_runtime_create(substream);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = substream->ops->open(substream);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	substream->opened = 1;
+	if (substream->use_count++ == 0)
+		substream->active_sensing = 1;
+	if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_APPEND)
+		substream->append = 1;
+	rmidi->streams[substream->stream].substream_opened++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void close_substream(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi,
+			    struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
+			    int cleanup);
+
+static int rawmidi_open_priv(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi, int subdevice, int mode,
+			     struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile)
 {
-	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
-	struct list_head *list1, *list2;
 	struct snd_rawmidi_substream *sinput = NULL, *soutput = NULL;
-	struct snd_rawmidi_runtime *input = NULL, *output = NULL;
 	int err;
 
-	if (rfile)
-		rfile->input = rfile->output = NULL;
-	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
-	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_search(card, device);
-	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
-	if (rmidi == NULL) {
-		err = -ENODEV;
-		goto __error1;
-	}
-	if (!try_module_get(rmidi->card->module)) {
-		err = -EFAULT;
-		goto __error1;
-	}
-	if (!(mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_NOOPENLOCK))
-		mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	rfile->input = rfile->output = NULL;
 	if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT) {
-		if (!(rmidi->info_flags & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_INPUT)) {
-			err = -ENXIO;
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		if (subdevice >= 0 && (unsigned int)subdevice >= rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substream_count) {
-			err = -ENODEV;
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		if (rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substream_opened >=
-		    rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substream_count) {
-			err = -EAGAIN;
+		err = assign_substream(rmidi, subdevice,
+				       SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT,
+				       mode, &sinput);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __error;
-		}
 	}
 	if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT) {
-		if (!(rmidi->info_flags & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_OUTPUT)) {
-			err = -ENXIO;
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		if (subdevice >= 0 && (unsigned int)subdevice >= rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substream_count) {
-			err = -ENODEV;
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		if (rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substream_opened >=
-		    rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substream_count) {
-			err = -EAGAIN;
+		err = assign_substream(rmidi, subdevice,
+				       SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT,
+				       mode, &soutput);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __error;
-		}
-	}
-	list1 = rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substreams.next;
-	while (1) {
-		if (list1 == &rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substreams) {
-			sinput = NULL;
-			if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT) {
-				err = -EAGAIN;
-				goto __error;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		sinput = list_entry(list1, struct snd_rawmidi_substream, list);
-		if ((mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT) && sinput->opened)
-			goto __nexti;
-		if (subdevice < 0 || (subdevice >= 0 && subdevice == sinput->number))
-			break;
-	      __nexti:
-		list1 = list1->next;
 	}
-	list2 = rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substreams.next;
-	while (1) {
-		if (list2 == &rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substreams) {
-			soutput = NULL;
-			if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT) {
-				err = -EAGAIN;
-				goto __error;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		soutput = list_entry(list2, struct snd_rawmidi_substream, list);
-		if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT) {
-			if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_APPEND) {
-				if (soutput->opened && !soutput->append)
-					goto __nexto;
-			} else {
-				if (soutput->opened)
-					goto __nexto;
-			}
-		}
-		if (subdevice < 0 || (subdevice >= 0 && subdevice == soutput->number))
-			break;
-	      __nexto:
-		list2 = list2->next;
-	}
-	if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT) {
-		if ((err = snd_rawmidi_runtime_create(sinput)) < 0)
-			goto __error;
-		input = sinput->runtime;
-		if ((err = sinput->ops->open(sinput)) < 0)
+
+	if (sinput) {
+		err = open_substream(rmidi, sinput, mode);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __error;
-		sinput->opened = 1;
-		rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substream_opened++;
-	} else {
-		sinput = NULL;
 	}
-	if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT) {
-		if (soutput->opened)
-			goto __skip_output;
-		if ((err = snd_rawmidi_runtime_create(soutput)) < 0) {
-			if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT)
-				sinput->ops->close(sinput);
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		output = soutput->runtime;
-		if ((err = soutput->ops->open(soutput)) < 0) {
-			if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT)
-				sinput->ops->close(sinput);
+	if (soutput) {
+		err = open_substream(rmidi, soutput, mode);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			if (sinput)
+				close_substream(rmidi, sinput, 0);
 			goto __error;
 		}
-	      __skip_output:
-		soutput->opened = 1;
-		if (mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_APPEND)
-			soutput->append = 1;
-	      	if (soutput->use_count++ == 0)
-			soutput->active_sensing = 1;
-		rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substream_opened++;
-	} else {
-		soutput = NULL;
-	}
-	if (!(mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_NOOPENLOCK))
-		mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
-	if (rfile) {
-		rfile->rmidi = rmidi;
-		rfile->input = sinput;
-		rfile->output = soutput;
 	}
+
+	rfile->rmidi = rmidi;
+	rfile->input = sinput;
+	rfile->output = soutput;
 	return 0;
 
       __error:
-	if (input != NULL)
+	if (sinput && sinput->runtime)
 		snd_rawmidi_runtime_free(sinput);
-	if (output != NULL)
+	if (soutput && soutput->runtime)
 		snd_rawmidi_runtime_free(soutput);
-	module_put(rmidi->card->module);
-	if (!(mode & SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_NOOPENLOCK))
-		mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
-      __error1:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* called from sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c */
+int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(struct snd_card *card, int device, int subdevice,
+			    int mode, struct snd_rawmidi_file * rfile)
+{
+	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
+	int err;
+
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!rfile))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
+	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_search(card, device);
+	if (rmidi == NULL) {
+		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+	if (!try_module_get(rmidi->card->module)) {
+		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+
+	mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	err = rawmidi_open_priv(rmidi, subdevice, mode, rfile);
+	mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	if (err < 0)
+		module_put(rmidi->card->module);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -385,10 +372,13 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	unsigned short fflags;
 	int err;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
-	struct snd_rawmidi_file *rawmidi_file;
+	struct snd_rawmidi_file *rawmidi_file = NULL;
 	wait_queue_t wait;
 	struct snd_ctl_file *kctl;
 
+	if ((file->f_flags & O_APPEND) && !(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) 
+		return -EINVAL;		/* invalid combination */
+
 	if (maj == snd_major) {
 		rmidi = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
 					      SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI);
@@ -402,24 +392,25 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 
 	if (rmidi == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
-	if ((file->f_flags & O_APPEND) && !(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) 
-		return -EINVAL;		/* invalid combination */
+
+	if (!try_module_get(rmidi->card->module))
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
 	card = rmidi->card;
 	err = snd_card_file_add(card, file);
 	if (err < 0)
-		return -ENODEV;
+		goto __error_card;
 	fflags = snd_rawmidi_file_flags(file);
 	if ((file->f_flags & O_APPEND) || maj == SOUND_MAJOR) /* OSS emul? */
 		fflags |= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_APPEND;
-	fflags |= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_NOOPENLOCK;
 	rawmidi_file = kmalloc(sizeof(*rawmidi_file), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (rawmidi_file == NULL) {
-		snd_card_file_remove(card, file);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto __error;
 	}
 	init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
 	add_wait_queue(&rmidi->open_wait, &wait);
-	mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
 	while (1) {
 		subdevice = -1;
 		read_lock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
@@ -431,8 +422,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 			}
 		}
 		read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
-		err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(rmidi->card, rmidi->device,
-					      subdevice, fflags, rawmidi_file);
+		err = rawmidi_open_priv(rmidi, subdevice, fflags, rawmidi_file);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
 		if (err == -EAGAIN) {
@@ -451,67 +441,89 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+	remove_wait_queue(&rmidi->open_wait, &wait);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(rawmidi_file);
+		goto __error;
+	}
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 	if (rawmidi_file->input && rawmidi_file->input->runtime)
 		rawmidi_file->input->runtime->oss = (maj == SOUND_MAJOR);
 	if (rawmidi_file->output && rawmidi_file->output->runtime)
 		rawmidi_file->output->runtime->oss = (maj == SOUND_MAJOR);
 #endif
-	remove_wait_queue(&rmidi->open_wait, &wait);
-	if (err >= 0) {
-		file->private_data = rawmidi_file;
-	} else {
-		snd_card_file_remove(card, file);
-		kfree(rawmidi_file);
-	}
+	file->private_data = rawmidi_file;
+	mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	return 0;
+
+ __error:
+	snd_card_file_remove(card, file);
+ __error_card:
 	mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	module_put(rmidi->card->module);
 	return err;
 }
 
-int snd_rawmidi_kernel_release(struct snd_rawmidi_file * rfile)
+static void close_substream(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi,
+			    struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
+			    int cleanup)
 {
-	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
-	struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream;
-	struct snd_rawmidi_runtime *runtime;
+	rmidi->streams[substream->stream].substream_opened--;
+	if (--substream->use_count)
+		return;
 
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!rfile))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	rmidi = rfile->rmidi;
-	mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
-	if (rfile->input != NULL) {
-		substream = rfile->input;
-		rfile->input = NULL;
-		runtime = substream->runtime;
-		snd_rawmidi_input_trigger(substream, 0);
-		substream->ops->close(substream);
-		if (runtime->private_free != NULL)
-			runtime->private_free(substream);
-		snd_rawmidi_runtime_free(substream);
-		substream->opened = 0;
-		rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT].substream_opened--;
-	}
-	if (rfile->output != NULL) {
-		substream = rfile->output;
-		rfile->output = NULL;
-		if (--substream->use_count == 0) {
-			runtime = substream->runtime;
+	if (cleanup) {
+		if (substream->stream == SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT)
+			snd_rawmidi_input_trigger(substream, 0);
+		else {
 			if (substream->active_sensing) {
 				unsigned char buf = 0xfe;
-				/* sending single active sensing message to shut the device up */
+				/* sending single active sensing message
+				 * to shut the device up
+				 */
 				snd_rawmidi_kernel_write(substream, &buf, 1);
 			}
 			if (snd_rawmidi_drain_output(substream) == -ERESTARTSYS)
 				snd_rawmidi_output_trigger(substream, 0);
-			substream->ops->close(substream);
-			if (runtime->private_free != NULL)
-				runtime->private_free(substream);
-			snd_rawmidi_runtime_free(substream);
-			substream->opened = 0;
-			substream->append = 0;
 		}
-		rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT].substream_opened--;
 	}
+	substream->ops->close(substream);
+	if (substream->runtime->private_free)
+		substream->runtime->private_free(substream);
+	snd_rawmidi_runtime_free(substream);
+	substream->opened = 0;
+	substream->append = 0;
+}
+
+static void rawmidi_release_priv(struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile)
+{
+	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
+
+	rmidi = rfile->rmidi;
+	mutex_lock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	if (rfile->input) {
+		close_substream(rmidi, rfile->input, 1);
+		rfile->input = NULL;
+	}
+	if (rfile->output) {
+		close_substream(rmidi, rfile->output, 1);
+		rfile->output = NULL;
+	}
+	rfile->rmidi = NULL;
 	mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
+	wake_up(&rmidi->open_wait);
+}
+
+/* called from sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c */
+int snd_rawmidi_kernel_release(struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile)
+{
+	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
+
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!rfile))
+		return -ENXIO;
+	
+	rmidi = rfile->rmidi;
+	rawmidi_release_priv(rfile);
 	module_put(rmidi->card->module);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -520,15 +532,14 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
-	int err;
 
 	rfile = file->private_data;
-	err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_release(rfile);
 	rmidi = rfile->rmidi;
-	wake_up(&rmidi->open_wait);
+	rawmidi_release_priv(rfile);
 	kfree(rfile);
 	snd_card_file_remove(rmidi->card, file);
-	return err;
+	module_put(rmidi->card->module);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int snd_rawmidi_info(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
index bf8d2b4cb15..c0154a959d5 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ char *enabled_str(int bool);
 /* for debug */
 #ifdef SNDRV_SEQ_OSS_DEBUG
 extern int seq_oss_debug;
-#define debug_printk(x)	do { if (seq_oss_debug > 0) snd_printk x; } while (0)
+#define debug_printk(x)	do { if (seq_oss_debug > 0) snd_printd x; } while (0)
 #else
 #define debug_printk(x)	/**/
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
index 0101a8b99b7..29896ab2340 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
@@ -321,7 +321,8 @@ void snd_seq_prioq_leave(struct snd_seq_prioq * f, int client, int timestamp)
 			freeprev = cell;
 		} else {
 #if 0
-			printk("type = %i, source = %i, dest = %i, client = %i\n",
+			printk(KERN_DEBUG "type = %i, source = %i, dest = %i, "
+			       "client = %i\n",
 				cell->event.type,
 				cell->event.source.client,
 				cell->event.dest.client,
diff --git a/sound/core/timer.c b/sound/core/timer.c
index 796532081e8..3f0050d0b71 100644
--- a/sound/core/timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/timer.c
@@ -1825,13 +1825,9 @@ static long snd_timer_user_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
 static int snd_timer_user_fasync(int fd, struct file * file, int on)
 {
 	struct snd_timer_user *tu;
-	int err;
 
 	tu = file->private_data;
-	err = fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &tu->fasync);
-        if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &tu->fasync);
 }
 
 static ssize_t snd_timer_user_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer,
diff --git a/sound/core/vmaster.c b/sound/core/vmaster.c
index 4cc57f902e2..257624bd199 100644
--- a/sound/core/vmaster.c
+++ b/sound/core/vmaster.c
@@ -50,18 +50,38 @@ struct link_slave {
 	struct link_master *master;
 	struct link_ctl_info info;
 	int vals[2];		/* current values */
+	unsigned int flags;
 	struct snd_kcontrol slave; /* the copy of original control entry */
 };
 
+static int slave_update(struct link_slave *slave)
+{
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *uctl;
+	int err, ch;
+
+	uctl = kmalloc(sizeof(*uctl), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!uctl)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	uctl->id = slave->slave.id;
+	err = slave->slave.get(&slave->slave, uctl);
+	for (ch = 0; ch < slave->info.count; ch++)
+		slave->vals[ch] = uctl->value.integer.value[ch];
+	kfree(uctl);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* get the slave ctl info and save the initial values */
 static int slave_init(struct link_slave *slave)
 {
 	struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo;
-	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *uctl;
-	int err, ch;
+	int err;
 
-	if (slave->info.count)
-		return 0; /* already initialized */
+	if (slave->info.count) {
+		/* already initialized */
+		if (slave->flags & SND_CTL_SLAVE_NEED_UPDATE)
+			return slave_update(slave);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	uinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*uinfo), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!uinfo)
@@ -85,15 +105,7 @@ static int slave_init(struct link_slave *slave)
 	slave->info.max_val = uinfo->value.integer.max;
 	kfree(uinfo);
 
-	uctl = kmalloc(sizeof(*uctl), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!uctl)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	uctl->id = slave->slave.id;
-	err = slave->slave.get(&slave->slave, uctl);
-	for (ch = 0; ch < slave->info.count; ch++)
-		slave->vals[ch] = uctl->value.integer.value[ch];
-	kfree(uctl);
-	return 0;
+	return slave_update(slave);
 }
 
 /* initialize master volume */
@@ -229,7 +241,8 @@ static void slave_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
  * - logarithmic volume control (dB level), no linear volume
  * - master can only attenuate the volume, no gain
  */
-int snd_ctl_add_slave(struct snd_kcontrol *master, struct snd_kcontrol *slave)
+int _snd_ctl_add_slave(struct snd_kcontrol *master, struct snd_kcontrol *slave,
+		       unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct link_master *master_link = snd_kcontrol_chip(master);
 	struct link_slave *srec;
@@ -241,6 +254,7 @@ int snd_ctl_add_slave(struct snd_kcontrol *master, struct snd_kcontrol *slave)
 	srec->slave = *slave;
 	memcpy(srec->slave.vd, slave->vd, slave->count * sizeof(*slave->vd));
 	srec->master = master_link;
+	srec->flags = flags;
 
 	/* override callbacks */
 	slave->info = slave_info;
@@ -254,8 +268,7 @@ int snd_ctl_add_slave(struct snd_kcontrol *master, struct snd_kcontrol *slave)
 	list_add_tail(&srec->list, &master_link->slaves);
 	return 0;
 }
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_add_slave);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(_snd_ctl_add_slave);
 
 /*
  * ctl callbacks for master controls
@@ -327,8 +340,20 @@ static void master_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 }
 
 
-/*
- * Create a virtual master control with the given name
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_make_virtual_master - Create a virtual master control
+ * @name: name string of the control element to create
+ * @tlv: optional TLV int array for dB information
+ *
+ * Creates a virtual matster control with the given name string.
+ * Returns the created control element, or NULL for errors (ENOMEM).
+ *
+ * After creating a vmaster element, you can add the slave controls
+ * via snd_ctl_add_slave() or snd_ctl_add_slave_uncached().
+ *
+ * The optional argument @tlv can be used to specify the TLV information
+ * for dB scale of the master control.  It should be a single element
+ * with #SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_DB_SCALE type, and should be the max 0dB.
  */
 struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_make_virtual_master(char *name,
 						 const unsigned int *tlv)
@@ -367,5 +392,4 @@ struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_make_virtual_master(char *name,
 
 	return kctl;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_make_virtual_master);