[PATCH] ext4: initial copy of files from ext3

Start of the ext4 patch series.  See Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt for
details.

This is a simple copy of the files in fs/ext3 to fs/ext4 and
/usr/incude/linux/ext3* to /usr/include/ex4*

Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

1 files changed, 3219 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03ba5bcab18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3219 @@
+/*
+ *  linux/fs/ext3/inode.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
+ * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
+ * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
+ * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
+ *
+ *  from
+ *
+ *  linux/fs/minix/inode.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ *  Goal-directed block allocation by Stephen Tweedie
+ *	(sct@redhat.com), 1993, 1998
+ *  Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
+ *        David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
+ *  64-bit file support on 64-bit platforms by Jakub Jelinek
+ *	(jj@sunsite.ms.mff.cuni.cz)
+ *
+ *  Assorted race fixes, rewrite of ext3_get_block() by Al Viro, 2000
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/ext3_jbd.h>
+#include <linux/jbd.h>
+#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
+#include <linux/highuid.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/quotaops.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/mpage.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include "xattr.h"
+#include "acl.h"
+
+static int ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *inode);
+
+/*
+ * Test whether an inode is a fast symlink.
+ */
+static int ext3_inode_is_fast_symlink(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int ea_blocks = EXT3_I(inode)->i_file_acl ?
+		(inode->i_sb->s_blocksize >> 9) : 0;
+
+	return (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_blocks - ea_blocks == 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The ext3 forget function must perform a revoke if we are freeing data
+ * which has been journaled.  Metadata (eg. indirect blocks) must be
+ * revoked in all cases.
+ *
+ * "bh" may be NULL: a metadata block may have been freed from memory
+ * but there may still be a record of it in the journal, and that record
+ * still needs to be revoked.
+ */
+int ext3_forget(handle_t *handle, int is_metadata, struct inode *inode,
+			struct buffer_head *bh, ext3_fsblk_t blocknr)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	might_sleep();
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "enter");
+
+	jbd_debug(4, "forgetting bh %p: is_metadata = %d, mode %o, "
+		  "data mode %lx\n",
+		  bh, is_metadata, inode->i_mode,
+		  test_opt(inode->i_sb, DATA_FLAGS));
+
+	/* Never use the revoke function if we are doing full data
+	 * journaling: there is no need to, and a V1 superblock won't
+	 * support it.  Otherwise, only skip the revoke on un-journaled
+	 * data blocks. */
+
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DATA_FLAGS) == EXT3_MOUNT_JOURNAL_DATA ||
+	    (!is_metadata && !ext3_should_journal_data(inode))) {
+		if (bh) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call journal_forget");
+			return ext3_journal_forget(handle, bh);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * data!=journal && (is_metadata || should_journal_data(inode))
+	 */
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call ext3_journal_revoke");
+	err = ext3_journal_revoke(handle, blocknr, bh);
+	if (err)
+		ext3_abort(inode->i_sb, __FUNCTION__,
+			   "error %d when attempting revoke", err);
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "exit");
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Work out how many blocks we need to proceed with the next chunk of a
+ * truncate transaction.
+ */
+static unsigned long blocks_for_truncate(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	unsigned long needed;
+
+	needed = inode->i_blocks >> (inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits - 9);
+
+	/* Give ourselves just enough room to cope with inodes in which
+	 * i_blocks is corrupt: we've seen disk corruptions in the past
+	 * which resulted in random data in an inode which looked enough
+	 * like a regular file for ext3 to try to delete it.  Things
+	 * will go a bit crazy if that happens, but at least we should
+	 * try not to panic the whole kernel. */
+	if (needed < 2)
+		needed = 2;
+
+	/* But we need to bound the transaction so we don't overflow the
+	 * journal. */
+	if (needed > EXT3_MAX_TRANS_DATA)
+		needed = EXT3_MAX_TRANS_DATA;
+
+	return EXT3_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb) + needed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Truncate transactions can be complex and absolutely huge.  So we need to
+ * be able to restart the transaction at a conventient checkpoint to make
+ * sure we don't overflow the journal.
+ *
+ * start_transaction gets us a new handle for a truncate transaction,
+ * and extend_transaction tries to extend the existing one a bit.  If
+ * extend fails, we need to propagate the failure up and restart the
+ * transaction in the top-level truncate loop. --sct
+ */
+static handle_t *start_transaction(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	handle_t *result;
+
+	result = ext3_journal_start(inode, blocks_for_truncate(inode));
+	if (!IS_ERR(result))
+		return result;
+
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, PTR_ERR(result));
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to extend this transaction for the purposes of truncation.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if we managed to create more room.  If we can't create more
+ * room, and the transaction must be restarted we return 1.
+ */
+static int try_to_extend_transaction(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (handle->h_buffer_credits > EXT3_RESERVE_TRANS_BLOCKS)
+		return 0;
+	if (!ext3_journal_extend(handle, blocks_for_truncate(inode)))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Restart the transaction associated with *handle.  This does a commit,
+ * so before we call here everything must be consistently dirtied against
+ * this transaction.
+ */
+static int ext3_journal_test_restart(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	jbd_debug(2, "restarting handle %p\n", handle);
+	return ext3_journal_restart(handle, blocks_for_truncate(inode));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called at the last iput() if i_nlink is zero.
+ */
+void ext3_delete_inode (struct inode * inode)
+{
+	handle_t *handle;
+
+	truncate_inode_pages(&inode->i_data, 0);
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode))
+		goto no_delete;
+
+	handle = start_transaction(inode);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		/*
+		 * If we're going to skip the normal cleanup, we still need to
+		 * make sure that the in-core orphan linked list is properly
+		 * cleaned up.
+		 */
+		ext3_orphan_del(NULL, inode);
+		goto no_delete;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_SYNC(inode))
+		handle->h_sync = 1;
+	inode->i_size = 0;
+	if (inode->i_blocks)
+		ext3_truncate(inode);
+	/*
+	 * Kill off the orphan record which ext3_truncate created.
+	 * AKPM: I think this can be inside the above `if'.
+	 * Note that ext3_orphan_del() has to be able to cope with the
+	 * deletion of a non-existent orphan - this is because we don't
+	 * know if ext3_truncate() actually created an orphan record.
+	 * (Well, we could do this if we need to, but heck - it works)
+	 */
+	ext3_orphan_del(handle, inode);
+	EXT3_I(inode)->i_dtime	= get_seconds();
+
+	/*
+	 * One subtle ordering requirement: if anything has gone wrong
+	 * (transaction abort, IO errors, whatever), then we can still
+	 * do these next steps (the fs will already have been marked as
+	 * having errors), but we can't free the inode if the mark_dirty
+	 * fails.
+	 */
+	if (ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode))
+		/* If that failed, just do the required in-core inode clear. */
+		clear_inode(inode);
+	else
+		ext3_free_inode(handle, inode);
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	return;
+no_delete:
+	clear_inode(inode);	/* We must guarantee clearing of inode... */
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	__le32	*p;
+	__le32	key;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+} Indirect;
+
+static inline void add_chain(Indirect *p, struct buffer_head *bh, __le32 *v)
+{
+	p->key = *(p->p = v);
+	p->bh = bh;
+}
+
+static int verify_chain(Indirect *from, Indirect *to)
+{
+	while (from <= to && from->key == *from->p)
+		from++;
+	return (from > to);
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_block_to_path - parse the block number into array of offsets
+ *	@inode: inode in question (we are only interested in its superblock)
+ *	@i_block: block number to be parsed
+ *	@offsets: array to store the offsets in
+ *      @boundary: set this non-zero if the referred-to block is likely to be
+ *             followed (on disk) by an indirect block.
+ *
+ *	To store the locations of file's data ext3 uses a data structure common
+ *	for UNIX filesystems - tree of pointers anchored in the inode, with
+ *	data blocks at leaves and indirect blocks in intermediate nodes.
+ *	This function translates the block number into path in that tree -
+ *	return value is the path length and @offsets[n] is the offset of
+ *	pointer to (n+1)th node in the nth one. If @block is out of range
+ *	(negative or too large) warning is printed and zero returned.
+ *
+ *	Note: function doesn't find node addresses, so no IO is needed. All
+ *	we need to know is the capacity of indirect blocks (taken from the
+ *	inode->i_sb).
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portability note: the last comparison (check that we fit into triple
+ * indirect block) is spelled differently, because otherwise on an
+ * architecture with 32-bit longs and 8Kb pages we might get into trouble
+ * if our filesystem had 8Kb blocks. We might use long long, but that would
+ * kill us on x86. Oh, well, at least the sign propagation does not matter -
+ * i_block would have to be negative in the very beginning, so we would not
+ * get there at all.
+ */
+
+static int ext3_block_to_path(struct inode *inode,
+			long i_block, int offsets[4], int *boundary)
+{
+	int ptrs = EXT3_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode->i_sb);
+	int ptrs_bits = EXT3_ADDR_PER_BLOCK_BITS(inode->i_sb);
+	const long direct_blocks = EXT3_NDIR_BLOCKS,
+		indirect_blocks = ptrs,
+		double_blocks = (1 << (ptrs_bits * 2));
+	int n = 0;
+	int final = 0;
+
+	if (i_block < 0) {
+		ext3_warning (inode->i_sb, "ext3_block_to_path", "block < 0");
+	} else if (i_block < direct_blocks) {
+		offsets[n++] = i_block;
+		final = direct_blocks;
+	} else if ( (i_block -= direct_blocks) < indirect_blocks) {
+		offsets[n++] = EXT3_IND_BLOCK;
+		offsets[n++] = i_block;
+		final = ptrs;
+	} else if ((i_block -= indirect_blocks) < double_blocks) {
+		offsets[n++] = EXT3_DIND_BLOCK;
+		offsets[n++] = i_block >> ptrs_bits;
+		offsets[n++] = i_block & (ptrs - 1);
+		final = ptrs;
+	} else if (((i_block -= double_blocks) >> (ptrs_bits * 2)) < ptrs) {
+		offsets[n++] = EXT3_TIND_BLOCK;
+		offsets[n++] = i_block >> (ptrs_bits * 2);
+		offsets[n++] = (i_block >> ptrs_bits) & (ptrs - 1);
+		offsets[n++] = i_block & (ptrs - 1);
+		final = ptrs;
+	} else {
+		ext3_warning(inode->i_sb, "ext3_block_to_path", "block > big");
+	}
+	if (boundary)
+		*boundary = final - 1 - (i_block & (ptrs - 1));
+	return n;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_get_branch - read the chain of indirect blocks leading to data
+ *	@inode: inode in question
+ *	@depth: depth of the chain (1 - direct pointer, etc.)
+ *	@offsets: offsets of pointers in inode/indirect blocks
+ *	@chain: place to store the result
+ *	@err: here we store the error value
+ *
+ *	Function fills the array of triples <key, p, bh> and returns %NULL
+ *	if everything went OK or the pointer to the last filled triple
+ *	(incomplete one) otherwise. Upon the return chain[i].key contains
+ *	the number of (i+1)-th block in the chain (as it is stored in memory,
+ *	i.e. little-endian 32-bit), chain[i].p contains the address of that
+ *	number (it points into struct inode for i==0 and into the bh->b_data
+ *	for i>0) and chain[i].bh points to the buffer_head of i-th indirect
+ *	block for i>0 and NULL for i==0. In other words, it holds the block
+ *	numbers of the chain, addresses they were taken from (and where we can
+ *	verify that chain did not change) and buffer_heads hosting these
+ *	numbers.
+ *
+ *	Function stops when it stumbles upon zero pointer (absent block)
+ *		(pointer to last triple returned, *@err == 0)
+ *	or when it gets an IO error reading an indirect block
+ *		(ditto, *@err == -EIO)
+ *	or when it notices that chain had been changed while it was reading
+ *		(ditto, *@err == -EAGAIN)
+ *	or when it reads all @depth-1 indirect blocks successfully and finds
+ *	the whole chain, all way to the data (returns %NULL, *err == 0).
+ */
+static Indirect *ext3_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, int *offsets,
+				 Indirect chain[4], int *err)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	Indirect *p = chain;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	*err = 0;
+	/* i_data is not going away, no lock needed */
+	add_chain (chain, NULL, EXT3_I(inode)->i_data + *offsets);
+	if (!p->key)
+		goto no_block;
+	while (--depth) {
+		bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(p->key));
+		if (!bh)
+			goto failure;
+		/* Reader: pointers */
+		if (!verify_chain(chain, p))
+			goto changed;
+		add_chain(++p, bh, (__le32*)bh->b_data + *++offsets);
+		/* Reader: end */
+		if (!p->key)
+			goto no_block;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+
+changed:
+	brelse(bh);
+	*err = -EAGAIN;
+	goto no_block;
+failure:
+	*err = -EIO;
+no_block:
+	return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_find_near - find a place for allocation with sufficient locality
+ *	@inode: owner
+ *	@ind: descriptor of indirect block.
+ *
+ *	This function returns the prefered place for block allocation.
+ *	It is used when heuristic for sequential allocation fails.
+ *	Rules are:
+ *	  + if there is a block to the left of our position - allocate near it.
+ *	  + if pointer will live in indirect block - allocate near that block.
+ *	  + if pointer will live in inode - allocate in the same
+ *	    cylinder group.
+ *
+ * In the latter case we colour the starting block by the callers PID to
+ * prevent it from clashing with concurrent allocations for a different inode
+ * in the same block group.   The PID is used here so that functionally related
+ * files will be close-by on-disk.
+ *
+ *	Caller must make sure that @ind is valid and will stay that way.
+ */
+static ext3_fsblk_t ext3_find_near(struct inode *inode, Indirect *ind)
+{
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	__le32 *start = ind->bh ? (__le32*) ind->bh->b_data : ei->i_data;
+	__le32 *p;
+	ext3_fsblk_t bg_start;
+	ext3_grpblk_t colour;
+
+	/* Try to find previous block */
+	for (p = ind->p - 1; p >= start; p--) {
+		if (*p)
+			return le32_to_cpu(*p);
+	}
+
+	/* No such thing, so let's try location of indirect block */
+	if (ind->bh)
+		return ind->bh->b_blocknr;
+
+	/*
+	 * It is going to be referred to from the inode itself? OK, just put it
+	 * into the same cylinder group then.
+	 */
+	bg_start = ext3_group_first_block_no(inode->i_sb, ei->i_block_group);
+	colour = (current->pid % 16) *
+			(EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb) / 16);
+	return bg_start + colour;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_find_goal - find a prefered place for allocation.
+ *	@inode: owner
+ *	@block:  block we want
+ *	@chain:  chain of indirect blocks
+ *	@partial: pointer to the last triple within a chain
+ *	@goal:	place to store the result.
+ *
+ *	Normally this function find the prefered place for block allocation,
+ *	stores it in *@goal and returns zero.
+ */
+
+static ext3_fsblk_t ext3_find_goal(struct inode *inode, long block,
+		Indirect chain[4], Indirect *partial)
+{
+	struct ext3_block_alloc_info *block_i;
+
+	block_i =  EXT3_I(inode)->i_block_alloc_info;
+
+	/*
+	 * try the heuristic for sequential allocation,
+	 * failing that at least try to get decent locality.
+	 */
+	if (block_i && (block == block_i->last_alloc_logical_block + 1)
+		&& (block_i->last_alloc_physical_block != 0)) {
+		return block_i->last_alloc_physical_block + 1;
+	}
+
+	return ext3_find_near(inode, partial);
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_blks_to_allocate: Look up the block map and count the number
+ *	of direct blocks need to be allocated for the given branch.
+ *
+ *	@branch: chain of indirect blocks
+ *	@k: number of blocks need for indirect blocks
+ *	@blks: number of data blocks to be mapped.
+ *	@blocks_to_boundary:  the offset in the indirect block
+ *
+ *	return the total number of blocks to be allocate, including the
+ *	direct and indirect blocks.
+ */
+static int ext3_blks_to_allocate(Indirect *branch, int k, unsigned long blks,
+		int blocks_to_boundary)
+{
+	unsigned long count = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Simple case, [t,d]Indirect block(s) has not allocated yet
+	 * then it's clear blocks on that path have not allocated
+	 */
+	if (k > 0) {
+		/* right now we don't handle cross boundary allocation */
+		if (blks < blocks_to_boundary + 1)
+			count += blks;
+		else
+			count += blocks_to_boundary + 1;
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	count++;
+	while (count < blks && count <= blocks_to_boundary &&
+		le32_to_cpu(*(branch[0].p + count)) == 0) {
+		count++;
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_alloc_blocks: multiple allocate blocks needed for a branch
+ *	@indirect_blks: the number of blocks need to allocate for indirect
+ *			blocks
+ *
+ *	@new_blocks: on return it will store the new block numbers for
+ *	the indirect blocks(if needed) and the first direct block,
+ *	@blks:	on return it will store the total number of allocated
+ *		direct blocks
+ */
+static int ext3_alloc_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			ext3_fsblk_t goal, int indirect_blks, int blks,
+			ext3_fsblk_t new_blocks[4], int *err)
+{
+	int target, i;
+	unsigned long count = 0;
+	int index = 0;
+	ext3_fsblk_t current_block = 0;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Here we try to allocate the requested multiple blocks at once,
+	 * on a best-effort basis.
+	 * To build a branch, we should allocate blocks for
+	 * the indirect blocks(if not allocated yet), and at least
+	 * the first direct block of this branch.  That's the
+	 * minimum number of blocks need to allocate(required)
+	 */
+	target = blks + indirect_blks;
+
+	while (1) {
+		count = target;
+		/* allocating blocks for indirect blocks and direct blocks */
+		current_block = ext3_new_blocks(handle,inode,goal,&count,err);
+		if (*err)
+			goto failed_out;
+
+		target -= count;
+		/* allocate blocks for indirect blocks */
+		while (index < indirect_blks && count) {
+			new_blocks[index++] = current_block++;
+			count--;
+		}
+
+		if (count > 0)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/* save the new block number for the first direct block */
+	new_blocks[index] = current_block;
+
+	/* total number of blocks allocated for direct blocks */
+	ret = count;
+	*err = 0;
+	return ret;
+failed_out:
+	for (i = 0; i <index; i++)
+		ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, new_blocks[i], 1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_alloc_branch - allocate and set up a chain of blocks.
+ *	@inode: owner
+ *	@indirect_blks: number of allocated indirect blocks
+ *	@blks: number of allocated direct blocks
+ *	@offsets: offsets (in the blocks) to store the pointers to next.
+ *	@branch: place to store the chain in.
+ *
+ *	This function allocates blocks, zeroes out all but the last one,
+ *	links them into chain and (if we are synchronous) writes them to disk.
+ *	In other words, it prepares a branch that can be spliced onto the
+ *	inode. It stores the information about that chain in the branch[], in
+ *	the same format as ext3_get_branch() would do. We are calling it after
+ *	we had read the existing part of chain and partial points to the last
+ *	triple of that (one with zero ->key). Upon the exit we have the same
+ *	picture as after the successful ext3_get_block(), except that in one
+ *	place chain is disconnected - *branch->p is still zero (we did not
+ *	set the last link), but branch->key contains the number that should
+ *	be placed into *branch->p to fill that gap.
+ *
+ *	If allocation fails we free all blocks we've allocated (and forget
+ *	their buffer_heads) and return the error value the from failed
+ *	ext3_alloc_block() (normally -ENOSPC). Otherwise we set the chain
+ *	as described above and return 0.
+ */
+static int ext3_alloc_branch(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			int indirect_blks, int *blks, ext3_fsblk_t goal,
+			int *offsets, Indirect *branch)
+{
+	int blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	int i, n = 0;
+	int err = 0;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int num;
+	ext3_fsblk_t new_blocks[4];
+	ext3_fsblk_t current_block;
+
+	num = ext3_alloc_blocks(handle, inode, goal, indirect_blks,
+				*blks, new_blocks, &err);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	branch[0].key = cpu_to_le32(new_blocks[0]);
+	/*
+	 * metadata blocks and data blocks are allocated.
+	 */
+	for (n = 1; n <= indirect_blks;  n++) {
+		/*
+		 * Get buffer_head for parent block, zero it out
+		 * and set the pointer to new one, then send
+		 * parent to disk.
+		 */
+		bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, new_blocks[n-1]);
+		branch[n].bh = bh;
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call get_create_access");
+		err = ext3_journal_get_create_access(handle, bh);
+		if (err) {
+			unlock_buffer(bh);
+			brelse(bh);
+			goto failed;
+		}
+
+		memset(bh->b_data, 0, blocksize);
+		branch[n].p = (__le32 *) bh->b_data + offsets[n];
+		branch[n].key = cpu_to_le32(new_blocks[n]);
+		*branch[n].p = branch[n].key;
+		if ( n == indirect_blks) {
+			current_block = new_blocks[n];
+			/*
+			 * End of chain, update the last new metablock of
+			 * the chain to point to the new allocated
+			 * data blocks numbers
+			 */
+			for (i=1; i < num; i++)
+				*(branch[n].p + i) = cpu_to_le32(++current_block);
+		}
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "marking uptodate");
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+		err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+		if (err)
+			goto failed;
+	}
+	*blks = num;
+	return err;
+failed:
+	/* Allocation failed, free what we already allocated */
+	for (i = 1; i <= n ; i++) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(branch[i].bh, "call journal_forget");
+		ext3_journal_forget(handle, branch[i].bh);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i <indirect_blks; i++)
+		ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, new_blocks[i], 1);
+
+	ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, new_blocks[i], num);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ext3_splice_branch - splice the allocated branch onto inode.
+ * @inode: owner
+ * @block: (logical) number of block we are adding
+ * @chain: chain of indirect blocks (with a missing link - see
+ *	ext3_alloc_branch)
+ * @where: location of missing link
+ * @num:   number of indirect blocks we are adding
+ * @blks:  number of direct blocks we are adding
+ *
+ * This function fills the missing link and does all housekeeping needed in
+ * inode (->i_blocks, etc.). In case of success we end up with the full
+ * chain to new block and return 0.
+ */
+static int ext3_splice_branch(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			long block, Indirect *where, int num, int blks)
+{
+	int i;
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ext3_block_alloc_info *block_i;
+	ext3_fsblk_t current_block;
+
+	block_i = EXT3_I(inode)->i_block_alloc_info;
+	/*
+	 * If we're splicing into a [td]indirect block (as opposed to the
+	 * inode) then we need to get write access to the [td]indirect block
+	 * before the splice.
+	 */
+	if (where->bh) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(where->bh, "get_write_access");
+		err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, where->bh);
+		if (err)
+			goto err_out;
+	}
+	/* That's it */
+
+	*where->p = where->key;
+
+	/*
+	 * Update the host buffer_head or inode to point to more just allocated
+	 * direct blocks blocks
+	 */
+	if (num == 0 && blks > 1) {
+		current_block = le32_to_cpu(where->key) + 1;
+		for (i = 1; i < blks; i++)
+			*(where->p + i ) = cpu_to_le32(current_block++);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * update the most recently allocated logical & physical block
+	 * in i_block_alloc_info, to assist find the proper goal block for next
+	 * allocation
+	 */
+	if (block_i) {
+		block_i->last_alloc_logical_block = block + blks - 1;
+		block_i->last_alloc_physical_block =
+				le32_to_cpu(where[num].key) + blks - 1;
+	}
+
+	/* We are done with atomic stuff, now do the rest of housekeeping */
+
+	inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+
+	/* had we spliced it onto indirect block? */
+	if (where->bh) {
+		/*
+		 * If we spliced it onto an indirect block, we haven't
+		 * altered the inode.  Note however that if it is being spliced
+		 * onto an indirect block at the very end of the file (the
+		 * file is growing) then we *will* alter the inode to reflect
+		 * the new i_size.  But that is not done here - it is done in
+		 * generic_commit_write->__mark_inode_dirty->ext3_dirty_inode.
+		 */
+		jbd_debug(5, "splicing indirect only\n");
+		BUFFER_TRACE(where->bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+		err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, where->bh);
+		if (err)
+			goto err_out;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * OK, we spliced it into the inode itself on a direct block.
+		 * Inode was dirtied above.
+		 */
+		jbd_debug(5, "splicing direct\n");
+	}
+	return err;
+
+err_out:
+	for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(where[i].bh, "call journal_forget");
+		ext3_journal_forget(handle, where[i].bh);
+		ext3_free_blocks(handle,inode,le32_to_cpu(where[i-1].key),1);
+	}
+	ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, le32_to_cpu(where[num].key), blks);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocation strategy is simple: if we have to allocate something, we will
+ * have to go the whole way to leaf. So let's do it before attaching anything
+ * to tree, set linkage between the newborn blocks, write them if sync is
+ * required, recheck the path, free and repeat if check fails, otherwise
+ * set the last missing link (that will protect us from any truncate-generated
+ * removals - all blocks on the path are immune now) and possibly force the
+ * write on the parent block.
+ * That has a nice additional property: no special recovery from the failed
+ * allocations is needed - we simply release blocks and do not touch anything
+ * reachable from inode.
+ *
+ * `handle' can be NULL if create == 0.
+ *
+ * The BKL may not be held on entry here.  Be sure to take it early.
+ * return > 0, # of blocks mapped or allocated.
+ * return = 0, if plain lookup failed.
+ * return < 0, error case.
+ */
+int ext3_get_blocks_handle(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+		sector_t iblock, unsigned long maxblocks,
+		struct buffer_head *bh_result,
+		int create, int extend_disksize)
+{
+	int err = -EIO;
+	int offsets[4];
+	Indirect chain[4];
+	Indirect *partial;
+	ext3_fsblk_t goal;
+	int indirect_blks;
+	int blocks_to_boundary = 0;
+	int depth;
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	int count = 0;
+	ext3_fsblk_t first_block = 0;
+
+
+	J_ASSERT(handle != NULL || create == 0);
+	depth = ext3_block_to_path(inode,iblock,offsets,&blocks_to_boundary);
+
+	if (depth == 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	partial = ext3_get_branch(inode, depth, offsets, chain, &err);
+
+	/* Simplest case - block found, no allocation needed */
+	if (!partial) {
+		first_block = le32_to_cpu(chain[depth - 1].key);
+		clear_buffer_new(bh_result);
+		count++;
+		/*map more blocks*/
+		while (count < maxblocks && count <= blocks_to_boundary) {
+			ext3_fsblk_t blk;
+
+			if (!verify_chain(chain, partial)) {
+				/*
+				 * Indirect block might be removed by
+				 * truncate while we were reading it.
+				 * Handling of that case: forget what we've
+				 * got now. Flag the err as EAGAIN, so it
+				 * will reread.
+				 */
+				err = -EAGAIN;
+				count = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+			blk = le32_to_cpu(*(chain[depth-1].p + count));
+
+			if (blk == first_block + count)
+				count++;
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+		if (err != -EAGAIN)
+			goto got_it;
+	}
+
+	/* Next simple case - plain lookup or failed read of indirect block */
+	if (!create || err == -EIO)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	mutex_lock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the indirect block is missing while we are reading
+	 * the chain(ext3_get_branch() returns -EAGAIN err), or
+	 * if the chain has been changed after we grab the semaphore,
+	 * (either because another process truncated this branch, or
+	 * another get_block allocated this branch) re-grab the chain to see if
+	 * the request block has been allocated or not.
+	 *
+	 * Since we already block the truncate/other get_block
+	 * at this point, we will have the current copy of the chain when we
+	 * splice the branch into the tree.
+	 */
+	if (err == -EAGAIN || !verify_chain(chain, partial)) {
+		while (partial > chain) {
+			brelse(partial->bh);
+			partial--;
+		}
+		partial = ext3_get_branch(inode, depth, offsets, chain, &err);
+		if (!partial) {
+			count++;
+			mutex_unlock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
+			if (err)
+				goto cleanup;
+			clear_buffer_new(bh_result);
+			goto got_it;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Okay, we need to do block allocation.  Lazily initialize the block
+	 * allocation info here if necessary
+	*/
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (!ei->i_block_alloc_info))
+		ext3_init_block_alloc_info(inode);
+
+	goal = ext3_find_goal(inode, iblock, chain, partial);
+
+	/* the number of blocks need to allocate for [d,t]indirect blocks */
+	indirect_blks = (chain + depth) - partial - 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Next look up the indirect map to count the totoal number of
+	 * direct blocks to allocate for this branch.
+	 */
+	count = ext3_blks_to_allocate(partial, indirect_blks,
+					maxblocks, blocks_to_boundary);
+	/*
+	 * Block out ext3_truncate while we alter the tree
+	 */
+	err = ext3_alloc_branch(handle, inode, indirect_blks, &count, goal,
+				offsets + (partial - chain), partial);
+
+	/*
+	 * The ext3_splice_branch call will free and forget any buffers
+	 * on the new chain if there is a failure, but that risks using
+	 * up transaction credits, especially for bitmaps where the
+	 * credits cannot be returned.  Can we handle this somehow?  We
+	 * may need to return -EAGAIN upwards in the worst case.  --sct
+	 */
+	if (!err)
+		err = ext3_splice_branch(handle, inode, iblock,
+					partial, indirect_blks, count);
+	/*
+	 * i_disksize growing is protected by truncate_mutex.  Don't forget to
+	 * protect it if you're about to implement concurrent
+	 * ext3_get_block() -bzzz
+	*/
+	if (!err && extend_disksize && inode->i_size > ei->i_disksize)
+		ei->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+	mutex_unlock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
+	if (err)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	set_buffer_new(bh_result);
+got_it:
+	map_bh(bh_result, inode->i_sb, le32_to_cpu(chain[depth-1].key));
+	if (count > blocks_to_boundary)
+		set_buffer_boundary(bh_result);
+	err = count;
+	/* Clean up and exit */
+	partial = chain + depth - 1;	/* the whole chain */
+cleanup:
+	while (partial > chain) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(partial->bh, "call brelse");
+		brelse(partial->bh);
+		partial--;
+	}
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh_result, "returned");
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+#define DIO_CREDITS (EXT3_RESERVE_TRANS_BLOCKS + 32)
+
+static int ext3_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
+			struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
+{
+	handle_t *handle = journal_current_handle();
+	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned max_blocks = bh_result->b_size >> inode->i_blkbits;
+
+	if (!create)
+		goto get_block;		/* A read */
+
+	if (max_blocks == 1)
+		goto get_block;		/* A single block get */
+
+	if (handle->h_transaction->t_state == T_LOCKED) {
+		/*
+		 * Huge direct-io writes can hold off commits for long
+		 * periods of time.  Let this commit run.
+		 */
+		ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+		handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, DIO_CREDITS);
+		if (IS_ERR(handle))
+			ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		goto get_block;
+	}
+
+	if (handle->h_buffer_credits <= EXT3_RESERVE_TRANS_BLOCKS) {
+		/*
+		 * Getting low on buffer credits...
+		 */
+		ret = ext3_journal_extend(handle, DIO_CREDITS);
+		if (ret > 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Couldn't extend the transaction.  Start a new one.
+			 */
+			ret = ext3_journal_restart(handle, DIO_CREDITS);
+		}
+	}
+
+get_block:
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		ret = ext3_get_blocks_handle(handle, inode, iblock,
+					max_blocks, bh_result, create, 0);
+		if (ret > 0) {
+			bh_result->b_size = (ret << inode->i_blkbits);
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * `handle' can be NULL if create is zero
+ */
+struct buffer_head *ext3_getblk(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+				long block, int create, int *errp)
+{
+	struct buffer_head dummy;
+	int fatal = 0, err;
+
+	J_ASSERT(handle != NULL || create == 0);
+
+	dummy.b_state = 0;
+	dummy.b_blocknr = -1000;
+	buffer_trace_init(&dummy.b_history);
+	err = ext3_get_blocks_handle(handle, inode, block, 1,
+					&dummy, create, 1);
+	/*
+	 * ext3_get_blocks_handle() returns number of blocks
+	 * mapped. 0 in case of a HOLE.
+	 */
+	if (err > 0) {
+		if (err > 1)
+			WARN_ON(1);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+	*errp = err;
+	if (!err && buffer_mapped(&dummy)) {
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+		bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, dummy.b_blocknr);
+		if (!bh) {
+			*errp = -EIO;
+			goto err;
+		}
+		if (buffer_new(&dummy)) {
+			J_ASSERT(create != 0);
+			J_ASSERT(handle != 0);
+
+			/*
+			 * Now that we do not always journal data, we should
+			 * keep in mind whether this should always journal the
+			 * new buffer as metadata.  For now, regular file
+			 * writes use ext3_get_block instead, so it's not a
+			 * problem.
+			 */
+			lock_buffer(bh);
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call get_create_access");
+			fatal = ext3_journal_get_create_access(handle, bh);
+			if (!fatal && !buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+				memset(bh->b_data,0,inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
+				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+			}
+			unlock_buffer(bh);
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+			err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+			if (!fatal)
+				fatal = err;
+		} else {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "not a new buffer");
+		}
+		if (fatal) {
+			*errp = fatal;
+			brelse(bh);
+			bh = NULL;
+		}
+		return bh;
+	}
+err:
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct buffer_head *ext3_bread(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			       int block, int create, int *err)
+{
+	struct buffer_head * bh;
+
+	bh = ext3_getblk(handle, inode, block, create, err);
+	if (!bh)
+		return bh;
+	if (buffer_uptodate(bh))
+		return bh;
+	ll_rw_block(READ_META, 1, &bh);
+	wait_on_buffer(bh);
+	if (buffer_uptodate(bh))
+		return bh;
+	put_bh(bh);
+	*err = -EIO;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int walk_page_buffers(	handle_t *handle,
+				struct buffer_head *head,
+				unsigned from,
+				unsigned to,
+				int *partial,
+				int (*fn)(	handle_t *handle,
+						struct buffer_head *bh))
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	unsigned block_start, block_end;
+	unsigned blocksize = head->b_size;
+	int err, ret = 0;
+	struct buffer_head *next;
+
+	for (	bh = head, block_start = 0;
+		ret == 0 && (bh != head || !block_start);
+		block_start = block_end, bh = next)
+	{
+		next = bh->b_this_page;
+		block_end = block_start + blocksize;
+		if (block_end <= from || block_start >= to) {
+			if (partial && !buffer_uptodate(bh))
+				*partial = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		err = (*fn)(handle, bh);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = err;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * To preserve ordering, it is essential that the hole instantiation and
+ * the data write be encapsulated in a single transaction.  We cannot
+ * close off a transaction and start a new one between the ext3_get_block()
+ * and the commit_write().  So doing the journal_start at the start of
+ * prepare_write() is the right place.
+ *
+ * Also, this function can nest inside ext3_writepage() ->
+ * block_write_full_page(). In that case, we *know* that ext3_writepage()
+ * has generated enough buffer credits to do the whole page.  So we won't
+ * block on the journal in that case, which is good, because the caller may
+ * be PF_MEMALLOC.
+ *
+ * By accident, ext3 can be reentered when a transaction is open via
+ * quota file writes.  If we were to commit the transaction while thus
+ * reentered, there can be a deadlock - we would be holding a quota
+ * lock, and the commit would never complete if another thread had a
+ * transaction open and was blocking on the quota lock - a ranking
+ * violation.
+ *
+ * So what we do is to rely on the fact that journal_stop/journal_start
+ * will _not_ run commit under these circumstances because handle->h_ref
+ * is elevated.  We'll still have enough credits for the tiny quotafile
+ * write.
+ */
+static int do_journal_get_write_access(handle_t *handle,
+					struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	if (!buffer_mapped(bh) || buffer_freed(bh))
+		return 0;
+	return ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
+}
+
+static int ext3_prepare_write(struct file *file, struct page *page,
+			      unsigned from, unsigned to)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	int ret, needed_blocks = ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(inode);
+	handle_t *handle;
+	int retries = 0;
+
+retry:
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, needed_blocks);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, NOBH) && ext3_should_writeback_data(inode))
+		ret = nobh_prepare_write(page, from, to, ext3_get_block);
+	else
+		ret = block_prepare_write(page, from, to, ext3_get_block);
+	if (ret)
+		goto prepare_write_failed;
+
+	if (ext3_should_journal_data(inode)) {
+		ret = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_buffers(page),
+				from, to, NULL, do_journal_get_write_access);
+	}
+prepare_write_failed:
+	if (ret)
+		ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (ret == -ENOSPC && ext3_should_retry_alloc(inode->i_sb, &retries))
+		goto retry;
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int ext3_journal_dirty_data(handle_t *handle, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	int err = journal_dirty_data(handle, bh);
+	if (err)
+		ext3_journal_abort_handle(__FUNCTION__, __FUNCTION__,
+						bh, handle,err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* For commit_write() in data=journal mode */
+static int commit_write_fn(handle_t *handle, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	if (!buffer_mapped(bh) || buffer_freed(bh))
+		return 0;
+	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	return ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We need to pick up the new inode size which generic_commit_write gave us
+ * `file' can be NULL - eg, when called from page_symlink().
+ *
+ * ext3 never places buffers on inode->i_mapping->private_list.  metadata
+ * buffers are managed internally.
+ */
+static int ext3_ordered_commit_write(struct file *file, struct page *page,
+			     unsigned from, unsigned to)
+{
+	handle_t *handle = ext3_journal_current_handle();
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	int ret = 0, ret2;
+
+	ret = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_buffers(page),
+		from, to, NULL, ext3_journal_dirty_data);
+
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * generic_commit_write() will run mark_inode_dirty() if i_size
+		 * changes.  So let's piggyback the i_disksize mark_inode_dirty
+		 * into that.
+		 */
+		loff_t new_i_size;
+
+		new_i_size = ((loff_t)page->index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + to;
+		if (new_i_size > EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize)
+			EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = new_i_size;
+		ret = generic_commit_write(file, page, from, to);
+	}
+	ret2 = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = ret2;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ext3_writeback_commit_write(struct file *file, struct page *page,
+			     unsigned from, unsigned to)
+{
+	handle_t *handle = ext3_journal_current_handle();
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	int ret = 0, ret2;
+	loff_t new_i_size;
+
+	new_i_size = ((loff_t)page->index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + to;
+	if (new_i_size > EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize)
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = new_i_size;
+
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, NOBH) && ext3_should_writeback_data(inode))
+		ret = nobh_commit_write(file, page, from, to);
+	else
+		ret = generic_commit_write(file, page, from, to);
+
+	ret2 = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = ret2;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ext3_journalled_commit_write(struct file *file,
+			struct page *page, unsigned from, unsigned to)
+{
+	handle_t *handle = ext3_journal_current_handle();
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	int ret = 0, ret2;
+	int partial = 0;
+	loff_t pos;
+
+	/*
+	 * Here we duplicate the generic_commit_write() functionality
+	 */
+	pos = ((loff_t)page->index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + to;
+
+	ret = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_buffers(page), from,
+				to, &partial, commit_write_fn);
+	if (!partial)
+		SetPageUptodate(page);
+	if (pos > inode->i_size)
+		i_size_write(inode, pos);
+	EXT3_I(inode)->i_state |= EXT3_STATE_JDATA;
+	if (inode->i_size > EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize) {
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+		ret2 = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = ret2;
+	}
+	ret2 = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = ret2;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * bmap() is special.  It gets used by applications such as lilo and by
+ * the swapper to find the on-disk block of a specific piece of data.
+ *
+ * Naturally, this is dangerous if the block concerned is still in the
+ * journal.  If somebody makes a swapfile on an ext3 data-journaling
+ * filesystem and enables swap, then they may get a nasty shock when the
+ * data getting swapped to that swapfile suddenly gets overwritten by
+ * the original zero's written out previously to the journal and
+ * awaiting writeback in the kernel's buffer cache.
+ *
+ * So, if we see any bmap calls here on a modified, data-journaled file,
+ * take extra steps to flush any blocks which might be in the cache.
+ */
+static sector_t ext3_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t block)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	journal_t *journal;
+	int err;
+
+	if (EXT3_I(inode)->i_state & EXT3_STATE_JDATA) {
+		/*
+		 * This is a REALLY heavyweight approach, but the use of
+		 * bmap on dirty files is expected to be extremely rare:
+		 * only if we run lilo or swapon on a freshly made file
+		 * do we expect this to happen.
+		 *
+		 * (bmap requires CAP_SYS_RAWIO so this does not
+		 * represent an unprivileged user DOS attack --- we'd be
+		 * in trouble if mortal users could trigger this path at
+		 * will.)
+		 *
+		 * NB. EXT3_STATE_JDATA is not set on files other than
+		 * regular files.  If somebody wants to bmap a directory
+		 * or symlink and gets confused because the buffer
+		 * hasn't yet been flushed to disk, they deserve
+		 * everything they get.
+		 */
+
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_state &= ~EXT3_STATE_JDATA;
+		journal = EXT3_JOURNAL(inode);
+		journal_lock_updates(journal);
+		err = journal_flush(journal);
+		journal_unlock_updates(journal);
+
+		if (err)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return generic_block_bmap(mapping,block,ext3_get_block);
+}
+
+static int bget_one(handle_t *handle, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	get_bh(bh);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int bput_one(handle_t *handle, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	put_bh(bh);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_dirty_data_fn(handle_t *handle, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	if (buffer_mapped(bh))
+		return ext3_journal_dirty_data(handle, bh);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note that we always start a transaction even if we're not journalling
+ * data.  This is to preserve ordering: any hole instantiation within
+ * __block_write_full_page -> ext3_get_block() should be journalled
+ * along with the data so we don't crash and then get metadata which
+ * refers to old data.
+ *
+ * In all journalling modes block_write_full_page() will start the I/O.
+ *
+ * Problem:
+ *
+ *	ext3_writepage() -> kmalloc() -> __alloc_pages() -> page_launder() ->
+ *		ext3_writepage()
+ *
+ * Similar for:
+ *
+ *	ext3_file_write() -> generic_file_write() -> __alloc_pages() -> ...
+ *
+ * Same applies to ext3_get_block().  We will deadlock on various things like
+ * lock_journal and i_truncate_mutex.
+ *
+ * Setting PF_MEMALLOC here doesn't work - too many internal memory
+ * allocations fail.
+ *
+ * 16May01: If we're reentered then journal_current_handle() will be
+ *	    non-zero. We simply *return*.
+ *
+ * 1 July 2001: @@@ FIXME:
+ *   In journalled data mode, a data buffer may be metadata against the
+ *   current transaction.  But the same file is part of a shared mapping
+ *   and someone does a writepage() on it.
+ *
+ *   We will move the buffer onto the async_data list, but *after* it has
+ *   been dirtied. So there's a small window where we have dirty data on
+ *   BJ_Metadata.
+ *
+ *   Note that this only applies to the last partial page in the file.  The
+ *   bit which block_write_full_page() uses prepare/commit for.  (That's
+ *   broken code anyway: it's wrong for msync()).
+ *
+ *   It's a rare case: affects the final partial page, for journalled data
+ *   where the file is subject to bith write() and writepage() in the same
+ *   transction.  To fix it we'll need a custom block_write_full_page().
+ *   We'll probably need that anyway for journalling writepage() output.
+ *
+ * We don't honour synchronous mounts for writepage().  That would be
+ * disastrous.  Any write() or metadata operation will sync the fs for
+ * us.
+ *
+ * AKPM2: if all the page's buffers are mapped to disk and !data=journal,
+ * we don't need to open a transaction here.
+ */
+static int ext3_ordered_writepage(struct page *page,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	struct buffer_head *page_bufs;
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	J_ASSERT(PageLocked(page));
+
+	/*
+	 * We give up here if we're reentered, because it might be for a
+	 * different filesystem.
+	 */
+	if (ext3_journal_current_handle())
+		goto out_fail;
+
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(inode));
+
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		goto out_fail;
+	}
+
+	if (!page_has_buffers(page)) {
+		create_empty_buffers(page, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize,
+				(1 << BH_Dirty)|(1 << BH_Uptodate));
+	}
+	page_bufs = page_buffers(page);
+	walk_page_buffers(handle, page_bufs, 0,
+			PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, NULL, bget_one);
+
+	ret = block_write_full_page(page, ext3_get_block, wbc);
+
+	/*
+	 * The page can become unlocked at any point now, and
+	 * truncate can then come in and change things.  So we
+	 * can't touch *page from now on.  But *page_bufs is
+	 * safe due to elevated refcount.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * And attach them to the current transaction.  But only if
+	 * block_write_full_page() succeeded.  Otherwise they are unmapped,
+	 * and generally junk.
+	 */
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		err = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_bufs, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE,
+					NULL, journal_dirty_data_fn);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = err;
+	}
+	walk_page_buffers(handle, page_bufs, 0,
+			PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, NULL, bput_one);
+	err = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = err;
+	return ret;
+
+out_fail:
+	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
+	unlock_page(page);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ext3_writeback_writepage(struct page *page,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	if (ext3_journal_current_handle())
+		goto out_fail;
+
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(inode));
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		goto out_fail;
+	}
+
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, NOBH) && ext3_should_writeback_data(inode))
+		ret = nobh_writepage(page, ext3_get_block, wbc);
+	else
+		ret = block_write_full_page(page, ext3_get_block, wbc);
+
+	err = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = err;
+	return ret;
+
+out_fail:
+	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
+	unlock_page(page);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ext3_journalled_writepage(struct page *page,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	if (ext3_journal_current_handle())
+		goto no_write;
+
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(inode));
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		goto no_write;
+	}
+
+	if (!page_has_buffers(page) || PageChecked(page)) {
+		/*
+		 * It's mmapped pagecache.  Add buffers and journal it.  There
+		 * doesn't seem much point in redirtying the page here.
+		 */
+		ClearPageChecked(page);
+		ret = block_prepare_write(page, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE,
+					ext3_get_block);
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+		ret = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_buffers(page), 0,
+			PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, NULL, do_journal_get_write_access);
+
+		err = walk_page_buffers(handle, page_buffers(page), 0,
+				PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, NULL, commit_write_fn);
+		if (ret == 0)
+			ret = err;
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_state |= EXT3_STATE_JDATA;
+		unlock_page(page);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * It may be a page full of checkpoint-mode buffers.  We don't
+		 * really know unless we go poke around in the buffer_heads.
+		 * But block_write_full_page will do the right thing.
+		 */
+		ret = block_write_full_page(page, ext3_get_block, wbc);
+	}
+	err = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = err;
+out:
+	return ret;
+
+no_write:
+	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
+out_unlock:
+	unlock_page(page);
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int ext3_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page)
+{
+	return mpage_readpage(page, ext3_get_block);
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
+{
+	return mpage_readpages(mapping, pages, nr_pages, ext3_get_block);
+}
+
+static void ext3_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned long offset)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = EXT3_JOURNAL(page->mapping->host);
+
+	/*
+	 * If it's a full truncate we just forget about the pending dirtying
+	 */
+	if (offset == 0)
+		ClearPageChecked(page);
+
+	journal_invalidatepage(journal, page, offset);
+}
+
+static int ext3_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t wait)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = EXT3_JOURNAL(page->mapping->host);
+
+	WARN_ON(PageChecked(page));
+	if (!page_has_buffers(page))
+		return 0;
+	return journal_try_to_free_buffers(journal, page, wait);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the O_DIRECT write will extend the file then add this inode to the
+ * orphan list.  So recovery will truncate it back to the original size
+ * if the machine crashes during the write.
+ *
+ * If the O_DIRECT write is intantiating holes inside i_size and the machine
+ * crashes then stale disk data _may_ be exposed inside the file.
+ */
+static ssize_t ext3_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb,
+			const struct iovec *iov, loff_t offset,
+			unsigned long nr_segs)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
+	ssize_t ret;
+	int orphan = 0;
+	size_t count = iov_length(iov, nr_segs);
+
+	if (rw == WRITE) {
+		loff_t final_size = offset + count;
+
+		handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, DIO_CREDITS);
+		if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (final_size > inode->i_size) {
+			ret = ext3_orphan_add(handle, inode);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out_stop;
+			orphan = 1;
+			ei->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = blockdev_direct_IO(rw, iocb, inode, inode->i_sb->s_bdev, iov,
+				 offset, nr_segs,
+				 ext3_get_block, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Reacquire the handle: ext3_get_block() can restart the transaction
+	 */
+	handle = journal_current_handle();
+
+out_stop:
+	if (handle) {
+		int err;
+
+		if (orphan && inode->i_nlink)
+			ext3_orphan_del(handle, inode);
+		if (orphan && ret > 0) {
+			loff_t end = offset + ret;
+			if (end > inode->i_size) {
+				ei->i_disksize = end;
+				i_size_write(inode, end);
+				/*
+				 * We're going to return a positive `ret'
+				 * here due to non-zero-length I/O, so there's
+				 * no way of reporting error returns from
+				 * ext3_mark_inode_dirty() to userspace.  So
+				 * ignore it.
+				 */
+				ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+			}
+		}
+		err = ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+		if (ret == 0)
+			ret = err;
+	}
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pages can be marked dirty completely asynchronously from ext3's journalling
+ * activity.  By filemap_sync_pte(), try_to_unmap_one(), etc.  We cannot do
+ * much here because ->set_page_dirty is called under VFS locks.  The page is
+ * not necessarily locked.
+ *
+ * We cannot just dirty the page and leave attached buffers clean, because the
+ * buffers' dirty state is "definitive".  We cannot just set the buffers dirty
+ * or jbddirty because all the journalling code will explode.
+ *
+ * So what we do is to mark the page "pending dirty" and next time writepage
+ * is called, propagate that into the buffers appropriately.
+ */
+static int ext3_journalled_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
+{
+	SetPageChecked(page);
+	return __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(page);
+}
+
+static const struct address_space_operations ext3_ordered_aops = {
+	.readpage	= ext3_readpage,
+	.readpages	= ext3_readpages,
+	.writepage	= ext3_ordered_writepage,
+	.sync_page	= block_sync_page,
+	.prepare_write	= ext3_prepare_write,
+	.commit_write	= ext3_ordered_commit_write,
+	.bmap		= ext3_bmap,
+	.invalidatepage	= ext3_invalidatepage,
+	.releasepage	= ext3_releasepage,
+	.direct_IO	= ext3_direct_IO,
+	.migratepage	= buffer_migrate_page,
+};
+
+static const struct address_space_operations ext3_writeback_aops = {
+	.readpage	= ext3_readpage,
+	.readpages	= ext3_readpages,
+	.writepage	= ext3_writeback_writepage,
+	.sync_page	= block_sync_page,
+	.prepare_write	= ext3_prepare_write,
+	.commit_write	= ext3_writeback_commit_write,
+	.bmap		= ext3_bmap,
+	.invalidatepage	= ext3_invalidatepage,
+	.releasepage	= ext3_releasepage,
+	.direct_IO	= ext3_direct_IO,
+	.migratepage	= buffer_migrate_page,
+};
+
+static const struct address_space_operations ext3_journalled_aops = {
+	.readpage	= ext3_readpage,
+	.readpages	= ext3_readpages,
+	.writepage	= ext3_journalled_writepage,
+	.sync_page	= block_sync_page,
+	.prepare_write	= ext3_prepare_write,
+	.commit_write	= ext3_journalled_commit_write,
+	.set_page_dirty	= ext3_journalled_set_page_dirty,
+	.bmap		= ext3_bmap,
+	.invalidatepage	= ext3_invalidatepage,
+	.releasepage	= ext3_releasepage,
+};
+
+void ext3_set_aops(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (ext3_should_order_data(inode))
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ext3_ordered_aops;
+	else if (ext3_should_writeback_data(inode))
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ext3_writeback_aops;
+	else
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ext3_journalled_aops;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_block_truncate_page() zeroes out a mapping from file offset `from'
+ * up to the end of the block which corresponds to `from'.
+ * This required during truncate. We need to physically zero the tail end
+ * of that block so it doesn't yield old data if the file is later grown.
+ */
+static int ext3_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle, struct page *page,
+		struct address_space *mapping, loff_t from)
+{
+	ext3_fsblk_t index = from >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	unsigned offset = from & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-1);
+	unsigned blocksize, iblock, length, pos;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int err = 0;
+	void *kaddr;
+
+	blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	length = blocksize - (offset & (blocksize - 1));
+	iblock = index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+
+	/*
+	 * For "nobh" option,  we can only work if we don't need to
+	 * read-in the page - otherwise we create buffers to do the IO.
+	 */
+	if (!page_has_buffers(page) && test_opt(inode->i_sb, NOBH) &&
+	     ext3_should_writeback_data(inode) && PageUptodate(page)) {
+		kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
+		memset(kaddr + offset, 0, length);
+		flush_dcache_page(page);
+		kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
+		set_page_dirty(page);
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (!page_has_buffers(page))
+		create_empty_buffers(page, blocksize, 0);
+
+	/* Find the buffer that contains "offset" */
+	bh = page_buffers(page);
+	pos = blocksize;
+	while (offset >= pos) {
+		bh = bh->b_this_page;
+		iblock++;
+		pos += blocksize;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (buffer_freed(bh)) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "freed: skip");
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "unmapped");
+		ext3_get_block(inode, iblock, bh, 0);
+		/* unmapped? It's a hole - nothing to do */
+		if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "still unmapped");
+			goto unlock;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Ok, it's mapped. Make sure it's up-to-date */
+	if (PageUptodate(page))
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+
+	if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		ll_rw_block(READ, 1, &bh);
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		/* Uhhuh. Read error. Complain and punt. */
+		if (!buffer_uptodate(bh))
+			goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (ext3_should_journal_data(inode)) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "get write access");
+		err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
+		if (err)
+			goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
+	memset(kaddr + offset, 0, length);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "zeroed end of block");
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (ext3_should_journal_data(inode)) {
+		err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+	} else {
+		if (ext3_should_order_data(inode))
+			err = ext3_journal_dirty_data(handle, bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+	}
+
+unlock:
+	unlock_page(page);
+	page_cache_release(page);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probably it should be a library function... search for first non-zero word
+ * or memcmp with zero_page, whatever is better for particular architecture.
+ * Linus?
+ */
+static inline int all_zeroes(__le32 *p, __le32 *q)
+{
+	while (p < q)
+		if (*p++)
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_find_shared - find the indirect blocks for partial truncation.
+ *	@inode:	  inode in question
+ *	@depth:	  depth of the affected branch
+ *	@offsets: offsets of pointers in that branch (see ext3_block_to_path)
+ *	@chain:	  place to store the pointers to partial indirect blocks
+ *	@top:	  place to the (detached) top of branch
+ *
+ *	This is a helper function used by ext3_truncate().
+ *
+ *	When we do truncate() we may have to clean the ends of several
+ *	indirect blocks but leave the blocks themselves alive. Block is
+ *	partially truncated if some data below the new i_size is refered
+ *	from it (and it is on the path to the first completely truncated
+ *	data block, indeed).  We have to free the top of that path along
+ *	with everything to the right of the path. Since no allocation
+ *	past the truncation point is possible until ext3_truncate()
+ *	finishes, we may safely do the latter, but top of branch may
+ *	require special attention - pageout below the truncation point
+ *	might try to populate it.
+ *
+ *	We atomically detach the top of branch from the tree, store the
+ *	block number of its root in *@top, pointers to buffer_heads of
+ *	partially truncated blocks - in @chain[].bh and pointers to
+ *	their last elements that should not be removed - in
+ *	@chain[].p. Return value is the pointer to last filled element
+ *	of @chain.
+ *
+ *	The work left to caller to do the actual freeing of subtrees:
+ *		a) free the subtree starting from *@top
+ *		b) free the subtrees whose roots are stored in
+ *			(@chain[i].p+1 .. end of @chain[i].bh->b_data)
+ *		c) free the subtrees growing from the inode past the @chain[0].
+ *			(no partially truncated stuff there).  */
+
+static Indirect *ext3_find_shared(struct inode *inode, int depth,
+			int offsets[4], Indirect chain[4], __le32 *top)
+{
+	Indirect *partial, *p;
+	int k, err;
+
+	*top = 0;
+	/* Make k index the deepest non-null offest + 1 */
+	for (k = depth; k > 1 && !offsets[k-1]; k--)
+		;
+	partial = ext3_get_branch(inode, k, offsets, chain, &err);
+	/* Writer: pointers */
+	if (!partial)
+		partial = chain + k-1;
+	/*
+	 * If the branch acquired continuation since we've looked at it -
+	 * fine, it should all survive and (new) top doesn't belong to us.
+	 */
+	if (!partial->key && *partial->p)
+		/* Writer: end */
+		goto no_top;
+	for (p=partial; p>chain && all_zeroes((__le32*)p->bh->b_data,p->p); p--)
+		;
+	/*
+	 * OK, we've found the last block that must survive. The rest of our
+	 * branch should be detached before unlocking. However, if that rest
+	 * of branch is all ours and does not grow immediately from the inode
+	 * it's easier to cheat and just decrement partial->p.
+	 */
+	if (p == chain + k - 1 && p > chain) {
+		p->p--;
+	} else {
+		*top = *p->p;
+		/* Nope, don't do this in ext3.  Must leave the tree intact */
+#if 0
+		*p->p = 0;
+#endif
+	}
+	/* Writer: end */
+
+	while(partial > p) {
+		brelse(partial->bh);
+		partial--;
+	}
+no_top:
+	return partial;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Zero a number of block pointers in either an inode or an indirect block.
+ * If we restart the transaction we must again get write access to the
+ * indirect block for further modification.
+ *
+ * We release `count' blocks on disk, but (last - first) may be greater
+ * than `count' because there can be holes in there.
+ */
+static void ext3_clear_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+		struct buffer_head *bh, ext3_fsblk_t block_to_free,
+		unsigned long count, __le32 *first, __le32 *last)
+{
+	__le32 *p;
+	if (try_to_extend_transaction(handle, inode)) {
+		if (bh) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+			ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+		}
+		ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+		ext3_journal_test_restart(handle, inode);
+		if (bh) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "retaking write access");
+			ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Any buffers which are on the journal will be in memory. We find
+	 * them on the hash table so journal_revoke() will run journal_forget()
+	 * on them.  We've already detached each block from the file, so
+	 * bforget() in journal_forget() should be safe.
+	 *
+	 * AKPM: turn on bforget in journal_forget()!!!
+	 */
+	for (p = first; p < last; p++) {
+		u32 nr = le32_to_cpu(*p);
+		if (nr) {
+			struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+			*p = 0;
+			bh = sb_find_get_block(inode->i_sb, nr);
+			ext3_forget(handle, 0, inode, bh, nr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, block_to_free, count);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ext3_free_data - free a list of data blocks
+ * @handle:	handle for this transaction
+ * @inode:	inode we are dealing with
+ * @this_bh:	indirect buffer_head which contains *@first and *@last
+ * @first:	array of block numbers
+ * @last:	points immediately past the end of array
+ *
+ * We are freeing all blocks refered from that array (numbers are stored as
+ * little-endian 32-bit) and updating @inode->i_blocks appropriately.
+ *
+ * We accumulate contiguous runs of blocks to free.  Conveniently, if these
+ * blocks are contiguous then releasing them at one time will only affect one
+ * or two bitmap blocks (+ group descriptor(s) and superblock) and we won't
+ * actually use a lot of journal space.
+ *
+ * @this_bh will be %NULL if @first and @last point into the inode's direct
+ * block pointers.
+ */
+static void ext3_free_data(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			   struct buffer_head *this_bh,
+			   __le32 *first, __le32 *last)
+{
+	ext3_fsblk_t block_to_free = 0;    /* Starting block # of a run */
+	unsigned long count = 0;	    /* Number of blocks in the run */
+	__le32 *block_to_free_p = NULL;	    /* Pointer into inode/ind
+					       corresponding to
+					       block_to_free */
+	ext3_fsblk_t nr;		    /* Current block # */
+	__le32 *p;			    /* Pointer into inode/ind
+					       for current block */
+	int err;
+
+	if (this_bh) {				/* For indirect block */
+		BUFFER_TRACE(this_bh, "get_write_access");
+		err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, this_bh);
+		/* Important: if we can't update the indirect pointers
+		 * to the blocks, we can't free them. */
+		if (err)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	for (p = first; p < last; p++) {
+		nr = le32_to_cpu(*p);
+		if (nr) {
+			/* accumulate blocks to free if they're contiguous */
+			if (count == 0) {
+				block_to_free = nr;
+				block_to_free_p = p;
+				count = 1;
+			} else if (nr == block_to_free + count) {
+				count++;
+			} else {
+				ext3_clear_blocks(handle, inode, this_bh,
+						  block_to_free,
+						  count, block_to_free_p, p);
+				block_to_free = nr;
+				block_to_free_p = p;
+				count = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (count > 0)
+		ext3_clear_blocks(handle, inode, this_bh, block_to_free,
+				  count, block_to_free_p, p);
+
+	if (this_bh) {
+		BUFFER_TRACE(this_bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+		ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, this_bh);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ *	ext3_free_branches - free an array of branches
+ *	@handle: JBD handle for this transaction
+ *	@inode:	inode we are dealing with
+ *	@parent_bh: the buffer_head which contains *@first and *@last
+ *	@first:	array of block numbers
+ *	@last:	pointer immediately past the end of array
+ *	@depth:	depth of the branches to free
+ *
+ *	We are freeing all blocks refered from these branches (numbers are
+ *	stored as little-endian 32-bit) and updating @inode->i_blocks
+ *	appropriately.
+ */
+static void ext3_free_branches(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			       struct buffer_head *parent_bh,
+			       __le32 *first, __le32 *last, int depth)
+{
+	ext3_fsblk_t nr;
+	__le32 *p;
+
+	if (is_handle_aborted(handle))
+		return;
+
+	if (depth--) {
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+		int addr_per_block = EXT3_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode->i_sb);
+		p = last;
+		while (--p >= first) {
+			nr = le32_to_cpu(*p);
+			if (!nr)
+				continue;		/* A hole */
+
+			/* Go read the buffer for the next level down */
+			bh = sb_bread(inode->i_sb, nr);
+
+			/*
+			 * A read failure? Report error and clear slot
+			 * (should be rare).
+			 */
+			if (!bh) {
+				ext3_error(inode->i_sb, "ext3_free_branches",
+					   "Read failure, inode=%lu, block="E3FSBLK,
+					   inode->i_ino, nr);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* This zaps the entire block.  Bottom up. */
+			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "free child branches");
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, bh,
+					   (__le32*)bh->b_data,
+					   (__le32*)bh->b_data + addr_per_block,
+					   depth);
+
+			/*
+			 * We've probably journalled the indirect block several
+			 * times during the truncate.  But it's no longer
+			 * needed and we now drop it from the transaction via
+			 * journal_revoke().
+			 *
+			 * That's easy if it's exclusively part of this
+			 * transaction.  But if it's part of the committing
+			 * transaction then journal_forget() will simply
+			 * brelse() it.  That means that if the underlying
+			 * block is reallocated in ext3_get_block(),
+			 * unmap_underlying_metadata() will find this block
+			 * and will try to get rid of it.  damn, damn.
+			 *
+			 * If this block has already been committed to the
+			 * journal, a revoke record will be written.  And
+			 * revoke records must be emitted *before* clearing
+			 * this block's bit in the bitmaps.
+			 */
+			ext3_forget(handle, 1, inode, bh, bh->b_blocknr);
+
+			/*
+			 * Everything below this this pointer has been
+			 * released.  Now let this top-of-subtree go.
+			 *
+			 * We want the freeing of this indirect block to be
+			 * atomic in the journal with the updating of the
+			 * bitmap block which owns it.  So make some room in
+			 * the journal.
+			 *
+			 * We zero the parent pointer *after* freeing its
+			 * pointee in the bitmaps, so if extend_transaction()
+			 * for some reason fails to put the bitmap changes and
+			 * the release into the same transaction, recovery
+			 * will merely complain about releasing a free block,
+			 * rather than leaking blocks.
+			 */
+			if (is_handle_aborted(handle))
+				return;
+			if (try_to_extend_transaction(handle, inode)) {
+				ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+				ext3_journal_test_restart(handle, inode);
+			}
+
+			ext3_free_blocks(handle, inode, nr, 1);
+
+			if (parent_bh) {
+				/*
+				 * The block which we have just freed is
+				 * pointed to by an indirect block: journal it
+				 */
+				BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh, "get_write_access");
+				if (!ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle,
+								   parent_bh)){
+					*p = 0;
+					BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh,
+					"call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+					ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle,
+								    parent_bh);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* We have reached the bottom of the tree. */
+		BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh, "free data blocks");
+		ext3_free_data(handle, inode, parent_bh, first, last);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_truncate()
+ *
+ * We block out ext3_get_block() block instantiations across the entire
+ * transaction, and VFS/VM ensures that ext3_truncate() cannot run
+ * simultaneously on behalf of the same inode.
+ *
+ * As we work through the truncate and commmit bits of it to the journal there
+ * is one core, guiding principle: the file's tree must always be consistent on
+ * disk.  We must be able to restart the truncate after a crash.
+ *
+ * The file's tree may be transiently inconsistent in memory (although it
+ * probably isn't), but whenever we close off and commit a journal transaction,
+ * the contents of (the filesystem + the journal) must be consistent and
+ * restartable.  It's pretty simple, really: bottom up, right to left (although
+ * left-to-right works OK too).
+ *
+ * Note that at recovery time, journal replay occurs *before* the restart of
+ * truncate against the orphan inode list.
+ *
+ * The committed inode has the new, desired i_size (which is the same as
+ * i_disksize in this case).  After a crash, ext3_orphan_cleanup() will see
+ * that this inode's truncate did not complete and it will again call
+ * ext3_truncate() to have another go.  So there will be instantiated blocks
+ * to the right of the truncation point in a crashed ext3 filesystem.  But
+ * that's fine - as long as they are linked from the inode, the post-crash
+ * ext3_truncate() run will find them and release them.
+ */
+void ext3_truncate(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	handle_t *handle;
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	__le32 *i_data = ei->i_data;
+	int addr_per_block = EXT3_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode->i_sb);
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	int offsets[4];
+	Indirect chain[4];
+	Indirect *partial;
+	__le32 nr = 0;
+	int n;
+	long last_block;
+	unsigned blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	struct page *page;
+
+	if (!(S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ||
+	    S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)))
+		return;
+	if (ext3_inode_is_fast_symlink(inode))
+		return;
+	if (IS_APPEND(inode) || IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * We have to lock the EOF page here, because lock_page() nests
+	 * outside journal_start().
+	 */
+	if ((inode->i_size & (blocksize - 1)) == 0) {
+		/* Block boundary? Nothing to do */
+		page = NULL;
+	} else {
+		page = grab_cache_page(mapping,
+				inode->i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
+		if (!page)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	handle = start_transaction(inode);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		if (page) {
+			clear_highpage(page);
+			flush_dcache_page(page);
+			unlock_page(page);
+			page_cache_release(page);
+		}
+		return;		/* AKPM: return what? */
+	}
+
+	last_block = (inode->i_size + blocksize-1)
+					>> EXT3_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode->i_sb);
+
+	if (page)
+		ext3_block_truncate_page(handle, page, mapping, inode->i_size);
+
+	n = ext3_block_to_path(inode, last_block, offsets, NULL);
+	if (n == 0)
+		goto out_stop;	/* error */
+
+	/*
+	 * OK.  This truncate is going to happen.  We add the inode to the
+	 * orphan list, so that if this truncate spans multiple transactions,
+	 * and we crash, we will resume the truncate when the filesystem
+	 * recovers.  It also marks the inode dirty, to catch the new size.
+	 *
+	 * Implication: the file must always be in a sane, consistent
+	 * truncatable state while each transaction commits.
+	 */
+	if (ext3_orphan_add(handle, inode))
+		goto out_stop;
+
+	/*
+	 * The orphan list entry will now protect us from any crash which
+	 * occurs before the truncate completes, so it is now safe to propagate
+	 * the new, shorter inode size (held for now in i_size) into the
+	 * on-disk inode. We do this via i_disksize, which is the value which
+	 * ext3 *really* writes onto the disk inode.
+	 */
+	ei->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+
+	/*
+	 * From here we block out all ext3_get_block() callers who want to
+	 * modify the block allocation tree.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
+
+	if (n == 1) {		/* direct blocks */
+		ext3_free_data(handle, inode, NULL, i_data+offsets[0],
+			       i_data + EXT3_NDIR_BLOCKS);
+		goto do_indirects;
+	}
+
+	partial = ext3_find_shared(inode, n, offsets, chain, &nr);
+	/* Kill the top of shared branch (not detached) */
+	if (nr) {
+		if (partial == chain) {
+			/* Shared branch grows from the inode */
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, NULL,
+					   &nr, &nr+1, (chain+n-1) - partial);
+			*partial->p = 0;
+			/*
+			 * We mark the inode dirty prior to restart,
+			 * and prior to stop.  No need for it here.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			/* Shared branch grows from an indirect block */
+			BUFFER_TRACE(partial->bh, "get_write_access");
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, partial->bh,
+					partial->p,
+					partial->p+1, (chain+n-1) - partial);
+		}
+	}
+	/* Clear the ends of indirect blocks on the shared branch */
+	while (partial > chain) {
+		ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, partial->bh, partial->p + 1,
+				   (__le32*)partial->bh->b_data+addr_per_block,
+				   (chain+n-1) - partial);
+		BUFFER_TRACE(partial->bh, "call brelse");
+		brelse (partial->bh);
+		partial--;
+	}
+do_indirects:
+	/* Kill the remaining (whole) subtrees */
+	switch (offsets[0]) {
+	default:
+		nr = i_data[EXT3_IND_BLOCK];
+		if (nr) {
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, NULL, &nr, &nr+1, 1);
+			i_data[EXT3_IND_BLOCK] = 0;
+		}
+	case EXT3_IND_BLOCK:
+		nr = i_data[EXT3_DIND_BLOCK];
+		if (nr) {
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, NULL, &nr, &nr+1, 2);
+			i_data[EXT3_DIND_BLOCK] = 0;
+		}
+	case EXT3_DIND_BLOCK:
+		nr = i_data[EXT3_TIND_BLOCK];
+		if (nr) {
+			ext3_free_branches(handle, inode, NULL, &nr, &nr+1, 3);
+			i_data[EXT3_TIND_BLOCK] = 0;
+		}
+	case EXT3_TIND_BLOCK:
+		;
+	}
+
+	ext3_discard_reservation(inode);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
+	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * In a multi-transaction truncate, we only make the final transaction
+	 * synchronous
+	 */
+	if (IS_SYNC(inode))
+		handle->h_sync = 1;
+out_stop:
+	/*
+	 * If this was a simple ftruncate(), and the file will remain alive
+	 * then we need to clear up the orphan record which we created above.
+	 * However, if this was a real unlink then we were called by
+	 * ext3_delete_inode(), and we allow that function to clean up the
+	 * orphan info for us.
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_nlink)
+		ext3_orphan_del(handle, inode);
+
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+}
+
+static ext3_fsblk_t ext3_get_inode_block(struct super_block *sb,
+		unsigned long ino, struct ext3_iloc *iloc)
+{
+	unsigned long desc, group_desc, block_group;
+	unsigned long offset;
+	ext3_fsblk_t block;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct ext3_group_desc * gdp;
+
+	if (!ext3_valid_inum(sb, ino)) {
+		/*
+		 * This error is already checked for in namei.c unless we are
+		 * looking at an NFS filehandle, in which case no error
+		 * report is needed
+		 */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
+	if (block_group >= EXT3_SB(sb)->s_groups_count) {
+		ext3_error(sb,"ext3_get_inode_block","group >= groups count");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	smp_rmb();
+	group_desc = block_group >> EXT3_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb);
+	desc = block_group & (EXT3_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1);
+	bh = EXT3_SB(sb)->s_group_desc[group_desc];
+	if (!bh) {
+		ext3_error (sb, "ext3_get_inode_block",
+			    "Descriptor not loaded");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	gdp = (struct ext3_group_desc *)bh->b_data;
+	/*
+	 * Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
+	 */
+	offset = ((ino - 1) % EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) *
+		EXT3_INODE_SIZE(sb);
+	block = le32_to_cpu(gdp[desc].bg_inode_table) +
+		(offset >> EXT3_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb));
+
+	iloc->block_group = block_group;
+	iloc->offset = offset & (EXT3_BLOCK_SIZE(sb) - 1);
+	return block;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_get_inode_loc returns with an extra refcount against the inode's
+ * underlying buffer_head on success. If 'in_mem' is true, we have all
+ * data in memory that is needed to recreate the on-disk version of this
+ * inode.
+ */
+static int __ext3_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode,
+				struct ext3_iloc *iloc, int in_mem)
+{
+	ext3_fsblk_t block;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	block = ext3_get_inode_block(inode->i_sb, inode->i_ino, iloc);
+	if (!block)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, block);
+	if (!bh) {
+		ext3_error (inode->i_sb, "ext3_get_inode_loc",
+				"unable to read inode block - "
+				"inode=%lu, block="E3FSBLK,
+				 inode->i_ino, block);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+		if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+			/* someone brought it uptodate while we waited */
+			unlock_buffer(bh);
+			goto has_buffer;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have all information of the inode in memory and this
+		 * is the only valid inode in the block, we need not read the
+		 * block.
+		 */
+		if (in_mem) {
+			struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
+			struct ext3_group_desc *desc;
+			int inodes_per_buffer;
+			int inode_offset, i;
+			int block_group;
+			int start;
+
+			block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) /
+					EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb);
+			inodes_per_buffer = bh->b_size /
+				EXT3_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb);
+			inode_offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) %
+					EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb));
+			start = inode_offset & ~(inodes_per_buffer - 1);
+
+			/* Is the inode bitmap in cache? */
+			desc = ext3_get_group_desc(inode->i_sb,
+						block_group, NULL);
+			if (!desc)
+				goto make_io;
+
+			bitmap_bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb,
+					le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
+			if (!bitmap_bh)
+				goto make_io;
+
+			/*
+			 * If the inode bitmap isn't in cache then the
+			 * optimisation may end up performing two reads instead
+			 * of one, so skip it.
+			 */
+			if (!buffer_uptodate(bitmap_bh)) {
+				brelse(bitmap_bh);
+				goto make_io;
+			}
+			for (i = start; i < start + inodes_per_buffer; i++) {
+				if (i == inode_offset)
+					continue;
+				if (ext3_test_bit(i, bitmap_bh->b_data))
+					break;
+			}
+			brelse(bitmap_bh);
+			if (i == start + inodes_per_buffer) {
+				/* all other inodes are free, so skip I/O */
+				memset(bh->b_data, 0, bh->b_size);
+				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+				unlock_buffer(bh);
+				goto has_buffer;
+			}
+		}
+
+make_io:
+		/*
+		 * There are other valid inodes in the buffer, this inode
+		 * has in-inode xattrs, or we don't have this inode in memory.
+		 * Read the block from disk.
+		 */
+		get_bh(bh);
+		bh->b_end_io = end_buffer_read_sync;
+		submit_bh(READ_META, bh);
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+			ext3_error(inode->i_sb, "ext3_get_inode_loc",
+					"unable to read inode block - "
+					"inode=%lu, block="E3FSBLK,
+					inode->i_ino, block);
+			brelse(bh);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+has_buffer:
+	iloc->bh = bh;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ext3_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode, struct ext3_iloc *iloc)
+{
+	/* We have all inode data except xattrs in memory here. */
+	return __ext3_get_inode_loc(inode, iloc,
+		!(EXT3_I(inode)->i_state & EXT3_STATE_XATTR));
+}
+
+void ext3_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags;
+
+	inode->i_flags &= ~(S_SYNC|S_APPEND|S_IMMUTABLE|S_NOATIME|S_DIRSYNC);
+	if (flags & EXT3_SYNC_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_SYNC;
+	if (flags & EXT3_APPEND_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_APPEND;
+	if (flags & EXT3_IMMUTABLE_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
+	if (flags & EXT3_NOATIME_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_NOATIME;
+	if (flags & EXT3_DIRSYNC_FL)
+		inode->i_flags |= S_DIRSYNC;
+}
+
+void ext3_read_inode(struct inode * inode)
+{
+	struct ext3_iloc iloc;
+	struct ext3_inode *raw_inode;
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int block;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	ei->i_acl = EXT3_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
+	ei->i_default_acl = EXT3_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
+#endif
+	ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
+
+	if (__ext3_get_inode_loc(inode, &iloc, 0))
+		goto bad_inode;
+	bh = iloc.bh;
+	raw_inode = ext3_raw_inode(&iloc);
+	inode->i_mode = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mode);
+	inode->i_uid = (uid_t)le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_uid_low);
+	inode->i_gid = (gid_t)le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_gid_low);
+	if(!(test_opt (inode->i_sb, NO_UID32))) {
+		inode->i_uid |= le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_uid_high) << 16;
+		inode->i_gid |= le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_gid_high) << 16;
+	}
+	inode->i_nlink = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_links_count);
+	inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_size);
+	inode->i_atime.tv_sec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_atime);
+	inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime);
+	inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime);
+	inode->i_atime.tv_nsec = inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec = inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+	ei->i_state = 0;
+	ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
+	ei->i_dtime = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_dtime);
+	/* We now have enough fields to check if the inode was active or not.
+	 * This is needed because nfsd might try to access dead inodes
+	 * the test is that same one that e2fsck uses
+	 * NeilBrown 1999oct15
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_nlink == 0) {
+		if (inode->i_mode == 0 ||
+		    !(EXT3_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_mount_state & EXT3_ORPHAN_FS)) {
+			/* this inode is deleted */
+			brelse (bh);
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+		/* The only unlinked inodes we let through here have
+		 * valid i_mode and are being read by the orphan
+		 * recovery code: that's fine, we're about to complete
+		 * the process of deleting those. */
+	}
+	inode->i_blocks = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_blocks);
+	ei->i_flags = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_flags);
+#ifdef EXT3_FRAGMENTS
+	ei->i_faddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_faddr);
+	ei->i_frag_no = raw_inode->i_frag;
+	ei->i_frag_size = raw_inode->i_fsize;
+#endif
+	ei->i_file_acl = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_file_acl);
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		ei->i_dir_acl = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_dir_acl);
+	} else {
+		inode->i_size |=
+			((__u64)le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_size_high)) << 32;
+	}
+	ei->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+	inode->i_generation = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_generation);
+	ei->i_block_group = iloc.block_group;
+	/*
+	 * NOTE! The in-memory inode i_data array is in little-endian order
+	 * even on big-endian machines: we do NOT byteswap the block numbers!
+	 */
+	for (block = 0; block < EXT3_N_BLOCKS; block++)
+		ei->i_data[block] = raw_inode->i_block[block];
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->i_orphan);
+
+	if (inode->i_ino >= EXT3_FIRST_INO(inode->i_sb) + 1 &&
+	    EXT3_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb) > EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
+		/*
+		 * When mke2fs creates big inodes it does not zero out
+		 * the unused bytes above EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE,
+		 * so ignore those first few inodes.
+		 */
+		ei->i_extra_isize = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_extra_isize);
+		if (EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + ei->i_extra_isize >
+		    EXT3_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb))
+			goto bad_inode;
+		if (ei->i_extra_isize == 0) {
+			/* The extra space is currently unused. Use it. */
+			ei->i_extra_isize = sizeof(struct ext3_inode) -
+					    EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE;
+		} else {
+			__le32 *magic = (void *)raw_inode +
+					EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE +
+					ei->i_extra_isize;
+			if (*magic == cpu_to_le32(EXT3_XATTR_MAGIC))
+				 ei->i_state |= EXT3_STATE_XATTR;
+		}
+	} else
+		ei->i_extra_isize = 0;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ext3_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ext3_file_operations;
+		ext3_set_aops(inode);
+	} else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ext3_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ext3_dir_operations;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
+		if (ext3_inode_is_fast_symlink(inode))
+			inode->i_op = &ext3_fast_symlink_inode_operations;
+		else {
+			inode->i_op = &ext3_symlink_inode_operations;
+			ext3_set_aops(inode);
+		}
+	} else {
+		inode->i_op = &ext3_special_inode_operations;
+		if (raw_inode->i_block[0])
+			init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode,
+			   old_decode_dev(le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_block[0])));
+		else
+			init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode,
+			   new_decode_dev(le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_block[1])));
+	}
+	brelse (iloc.bh);
+	ext3_set_inode_flags(inode);
+	return;
+
+bad_inode:
+	make_bad_inode(inode);
+	return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Post the struct inode info into an on-disk inode location in the
+ * buffer-cache.  This gobbles the caller's reference to the
+ * buffer_head in the inode location struct.
+ *
+ * The caller must have write access to iloc->bh.
+ */
+static int ext3_do_update_inode(handle_t *handle,
+				struct inode *inode,
+				struct ext3_iloc *iloc)
+{
+	struct ext3_inode *raw_inode = ext3_raw_inode(iloc);
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	struct buffer_head *bh = iloc->bh;
+	int err = 0, rc, block;
+
+	/* For fields not not tracking in the in-memory inode,
+	 * initialise them to zero for new inodes. */
+	if (ei->i_state & EXT3_STATE_NEW)
+		memset(raw_inode, 0, EXT3_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_inode_size);
+
+	raw_inode->i_mode = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_mode);
+	if(!(test_opt(inode->i_sb, NO_UID32))) {
+		raw_inode->i_uid_low = cpu_to_le16(low_16_bits(inode->i_uid));
+		raw_inode->i_gid_low = cpu_to_le16(low_16_bits(inode->i_gid));
+/*
+ * Fix up interoperability with old kernels. Otherwise, old inodes get
+ * re-used with the upper 16 bits of the uid/gid intact
+ */
+		if(!ei->i_dtime) {
+			raw_inode->i_uid_high =
+				cpu_to_le16(high_16_bits(inode->i_uid));
+			raw_inode->i_gid_high =
+				cpu_to_le16(high_16_bits(inode->i_gid));
+		} else {
+			raw_inode->i_uid_high = 0;
+			raw_inode->i_gid_high = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		raw_inode->i_uid_low =
+			cpu_to_le16(fs_high2lowuid(inode->i_uid));
+		raw_inode->i_gid_low =
+			cpu_to_le16(fs_high2lowgid(inode->i_gid));
+		raw_inode->i_uid_high = 0;
+		raw_inode->i_gid_high = 0;
+	}
+	raw_inode->i_links_count = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_nlink);
+	raw_inode->i_size = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_disksize);
+	raw_inode->i_atime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_atime.tv_sec);
+	raw_inode->i_ctime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_ctime.tv_sec);
+	raw_inode->i_mtime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_mtime.tv_sec);
+	raw_inode->i_blocks = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_blocks);
+	raw_inode->i_dtime = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_dtime);
+	raw_inode->i_flags = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_flags);
+#ifdef EXT3_FRAGMENTS
+	raw_inode->i_faddr = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_faddr);
+	raw_inode->i_frag = ei->i_frag_no;
+	raw_inode->i_fsize = ei->i_frag_size;
+#endif
+	raw_inode->i_file_acl = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_file_acl);
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		raw_inode->i_dir_acl = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_dir_acl);
+	} else {
+		raw_inode->i_size_high =
+			cpu_to_le32(ei->i_disksize >> 32);
+		if (ei->i_disksize > 0x7fffffffULL) {
+			struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+			if (!EXT3_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
+					EXT3_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE) ||
+			    EXT3_SB(sb)->s_es->s_rev_level ==
+					cpu_to_le32(EXT3_GOOD_OLD_REV)) {
+			       /* If this is the first large file
+				* created, add a flag to the superblock.
+				*/
+				err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle,
+						EXT3_SB(sb)->s_sbh);
+				if (err)
+					goto out_brelse;
+				ext3_update_dynamic_rev(sb);
+				EXT3_SET_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
+					EXT3_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE);
+				sb->s_dirt = 1;
+				handle->h_sync = 1;
+				err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle,
+						EXT3_SB(sb)->s_sbh);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	raw_inode->i_generation = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_generation);
+	if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
+		if (old_valid_dev(inode->i_rdev)) {
+			raw_inode->i_block[0] =
+				cpu_to_le32(old_encode_dev(inode->i_rdev));
+			raw_inode->i_block[1] = 0;
+		} else {
+			raw_inode->i_block[0] = 0;
+			raw_inode->i_block[1] =
+				cpu_to_le32(new_encode_dev(inode->i_rdev));
+			raw_inode->i_block[2] = 0;
+		}
+	} else for (block = 0; block < EXT3_N_BLOCKS; block++)
+		raw_inode->i_block[block] = ei->i_data[block];
+
+	if (ei->i_extra_isize)
+		raw_inode->i_extra_isize = cpu_to_le16(ei->i_extra_isize);
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
+	rc = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh);
+	if (!err)
+		err = rc;
+	ei->i_state &= ~EXT3_STATE_NEW;
+
+out_brelse:
+	brelse (bh);
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_write_inode()
+ *
+ * We are called from a few places:
+ *
+ * - Within generic_file_write() for O_SYNC files.
+ *   Here, there will be no transaction running. We wait for any running
+ *   trasnaction to commit.
+ *
+ * - Within sys_sync(), kupdate and such.
+ *   We wait on commit, if tol to.
+ *
+ * - Within prune_icache() (PF_MEMALLOC == true)
+ *   Here we simply return.  We can't afford to block kswapd on the
+ *   journal commit.
+ *
+ * In all cases it is actually safe for us to return without doing anything,
+ * because the inode has been copied into a raw inode buffer in
+ * ext3_mark_inode_dirty().  This is a correctness thing for O_SYNC and for
+ * knfsd.
+ *
+ * Note that we are absolutely dependent upon all inode dirtiers doing the
+ * right thing: they *must* call mark_inode_dirty() after dirtying info in
+ * which we are interested.
+ *
+ * It would be a bug for them to not do this.  The code:
+ *
+ *	mark_inode_dirty(inode)
+ *	stuff();
+ *	inode->i_size = expr;
+ *
+ * is in error because a kswapd-driven write_inode() could occur while
+ * `stuff()' is running, and the new i_size will be lost.  Plus the inode
+ * will no longer be on the superblock's dirty inode list.
+ */
+int ext3_write_inode(struct inode *inode, int wait)
+{
+	if (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (ext3_journal_current_handle()) {
+		jbd_debug(0, "called recursively, non-PF_MEMALLOC!\n");
+		dump_stack();
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (!wait)
+		return 0;
+
+	return ext3_force_commit(inode->i_sb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_setattr()
+ *
+ * Called from notify_change.
+ *
+ * We want to trap VFS attempts to truncate the file as soon as
+ * possible.  In particular, we want to make sure that when the VFS
+ * shrinks i_size, we put the inode on the orphan list and modify
+ * i_disksize immediately, so that during the subsequent flushing of
+ * dirty pages and freeing of disk blocks, we can guarantee that any
+ * commit will leave the blocks being flushed in an unused state on
+ * disk.  (On recovery, the inode will get truncated and the blocks will
+ * be freed, so we have a strong guarantee that no future commit will
+ * leave these blocks visible to the user.)
+ *
+ * Called with inode->sem down.
+ */
+int ext3_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	int error, rc = 0;
+	const unsigned int ia_valid = attr->ia_valid;
+
+	error = inode_change_ok(inode, attr);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	if ((ia_valid & ATTR_UID && attr->ia_uid != inode->i_uid) ||
+		(ia_valid & ATTR_GID && attr->ia_gid != inode->i_gid)) {
+		handle_t *handle;
+
+		/* (user+group)*(old+new) structure, inode write (sb,
+		 * inode block, ? - but truncate inode update has it) */
+		handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, 2*(EXT3_QUOTA_INIT_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb)+
+					EXT3_QUOTA_DEL_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb))+3);
+		if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+			error = PTR_ERR(handle);
+			goto err_out;
+		}
+		error = DQUOT_TRANSFER(inode, attr) ? -EDQUOT : 0;
+		if (error) {
+			ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+			return error;
+		}
+		/* Update corresponding info in inode so that everything is in
+		 * one transaction */
+		if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_UID)
+			inode->i_uid = attr->ia_uid;
+		if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_GID)
+			inode->i_gid = attr->ia_gid;
+		error = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+		ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+	    attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE && attr->ia_size < inode->i_size) {
+		handle_t *handle;
+
+		handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, 3);
+		if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+			error = PTR_ERR(handle);
+			goto err_out;
+		}
+
+		error = ext3_orphan_add(handle, inode);
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = attr->ia_size;
+		rc = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+		if (!error)
+			error = rc;
+		ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	}
+
+	rc = inode_setattr(inode, attr);
+
+	/* If inode_setattr's call to ext3_truncate failed to get a
+	 * transaction handle at all, we need to clean up the in-core
+	 * orphan list manually. */
+	if (inode->i_nlink)
+		ext3_orphan_del(NULL, inode);
+
+	if (!rc && (ia_valid & ATTR_MODE))
+		rc = ext3_acl_chmod(inode);
+
+err_out:
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, error);
+	if (!error)
+		error = rc;
+	return error;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * How many blocks doth make a writepage()?
+ *
+ * With N blocks per page, it may be:
+ * N data blocks
+ * 2 indirect block
+ * 2 dindirect
+ * 1 tindirect
+ * N+5 bitmap blocks (from the above)
+ * N+5 group descriptor summary blocks
+ * 1 inode block
+ * 1 superblock.
+ * 2 * EXT3_SINGLEDATA_TRANS_BLOCKS for the quote files
+ *
+ * 3 * (N + 5) + 2 + 2 * EXT3_SINGLEDATA_TRANS_BLOCKS
+ *
+ * With ordered or writeback data it's the same, less the N data blocks.
+ *
+ * If the inode's direct blocks can hold an integral number of pages then a
+ * page cannot straddle two indirect blocks, and we can only touch one indirect
+ * and dindirect block, and the "5" above becomes "3".
+ *
+ * This still overestimates under most circumstances.  If we were to pass the
+ * start and end offsets in here as well we could do block_to_path() on each
+ * block and work out the exact number of indirects which are touched.  Pah.
+ */
+
+static int ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int bpp = ext3_journal_blocks_per_page(inode);
+	int indirects = (EXT3_NDIR_BLOCKS % bpp) ? 5 : 3;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (ext3_should_journal_data(inode))
+		ret = 3 * (bpp + indirects) + 2;
+	else
+		ret = 2 * (bpp + indirects) + 2;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	/* We know that structure was already allocated during DQUOT_INIT so
+	 * we will be updating only the data blocks + inodes */
+	ret += 2*EXT3_QUOTA_TRANS_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb);
+#endif
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The caller must have previously called ext3_reserve_inode_write().
+ * Give this, we know that the caller already has write access to iloc->bh.
+ */
+int ext3_mark_iloc_dirty(handle_t *handle,
+		struct inode *inode, struct ext3_iloc *iloc)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	/* the do_update_inode consumes one bh->b_count */
+	get_bh(iloc->bh);
+
+	/* ext3_do_update_inode() does journal_dirty_metadata */
+	err = ext3_do_update_inode(handle, inode, iloc);
+	put_bh(iloc->bh);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * On success, We end up with an outstanding reference count against
+ * iloc->bh.  This _must_ be cleaned up later.
+ */
+
+int
+ext3_reserve_inode_write(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			 struct ext3_iloc *iloc)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	if (handle) {
+		err = ext3_get_inode_loc(inode, iloc);
+		if (!err) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(iloc->bh, "get_write_access");
+			err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, iloc->bh);
+			if (err) {
+				brelse(iloc->bh);
+				iloc->bh = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * What we do here is to mark the in-core inode as clean with respect to inode
+ * dirtiness (it may still be data-dirty).
+ * This means that the in-core inode may be reaped by prune_icache
+ * without having to perform any I/O.  This is a very good thing,
+ * because *any* task may call prune_icache - even ones which
+ * have a transaction open against a different journal.
+ *
+ * Is this cheating?  Not really.  Sure, we haven't written the
+ * inode out, but prune_icache isn't a user-visible syncing function.
+ * Whenever the user wants stuff synced (sys_sync, sys_msync, sys_fsync)
+ * we start and wait on commits.
+ *
+ * Is this efficient/effective?  Well, we're being nice to the system
+ * by cleaning up our inodes proactively so they can be reaped
+ * without I/O.  But we are potentially leaving up to five seconds'
+ * worth of inodes floating about which prune_icache wants us to
+ * write out.  One way to fix that would be to get prune_icache()
+ * to do a write_super() to free up some memory.  It has the desired
+ * effect.
+ */
+int ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ext3_iloc iloc;
+	int err;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	err = ext3_reserve_inode_write(handle, inode, &iloc);
+	if (!err)
+		err = ext3_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &iloc);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext3_dirty_inode() is called from __mark_inode_dirty()
+ *
+ * We're really interested in the case where a file is being extended.
+ * i_size has been changed by generic_commit_write() and we thus need
+ * to include the updated inode in the current transaction.
+ *
+ * Also, DQUOT_ALLOC_SPACE() will always dirty the inode when blocks
+ * are allocated to the file.
+ *
+ * If the inode is marked synchronous, we don't honour that here - doing
+ * so would cause a commit on atime updates, which we don't bother doing.
+ * We handle synchronous inodes at the highest possible level.
+ */
+void ext3_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	handle_t *current_handle = ext3_journal_current_handle();
+	handle_t *handle;
+
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, 2);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		goto out;
+	if (current_handle &&
+		current_handle->h_transaction != handle->h_transaction) {
+		/* This task has a transaction open against a different fs */
+		printk(KERN_EMERG "%s: transactions do not match!\n",
+		       __FUNCTION__);
+	} else {
+		jbd_debug(5, "marking dirty.  outer handle=%p\n",
+				current_handle);
+		ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+	}
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+out:
+	return;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*
+ * Bind an inode's backing buffer_head into this transaction, to prevent
+ * it from being flushed to disk early.  Unlike
+ * ext3_reserve_inode_write, this leaves behind no bh reference and
+ * returns no iloc structure, so the caller needs to repeat the iloc
+ * lookup to mark the inode dirty later.
+ */
+static int ext3_pin_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ext3_iloc iloc;
+
+	int err = 0;
+	if (handle) {
+		err = ext3_get_inode_loc(inode, &iloc);
+		if (!err) {
+			BUFFER_TRACE(iloc.bh, "get_write_access");
+			err = journal_get_write_access(handle, iloc.bh);
+			if (!err)
+				err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle,
+								  iloc.bh);
+			brelse(iloc.bh);
+		}
+	}
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, err);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+int ext3_change_inode_journal_flag(struct inode *inode, int val)
+{
+	journal_t *journal;
+	handle_t *handle;
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * We have to be very careful here: changing a data block's
+	 * journaling status dynamically is dangerous.  If we write a
+	 * data block to the journal, change the status and then delete
+	 * that block, we risk forgetting to revoke the old log record
+	 * from the journal and so a subsequent replay can corrupt data.
+	 * So, first we make sure that the journal is empty and that
+	 * nobody is changing anything.
+	 */
+
+	journal = EXT3_JOURNAL(inode);
+	if (is_journal_aborted(journal) || IS_RDONLY(inode))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	journal_lock_updates(journal);
+	journal_flush(journal);
+
+	/*
+	 * OK, there are no updates running now, and all cached data is
+	 * synced to disk.  We are now in a completely consistent state
+	 * which doesn't have anything in the journal, and we know that
+	 * no filesystem updates are running, so it is safe to modify
+	 * the inode's in-core data-journaling state flag now.
+	 */
+
+	if (val)
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags |= EXT3_JOURNAL_DATA_FL;
+	else
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags &= ~EXT3_JOURNAL_DATA_FL;
+	ext3_set_aops(inode);
+
+	journal_unlock_updates(journal);
+
+	/* Finally we can mark the inode as dirty. */
+
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, 1);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return PTR_ERR(handle);
+
+	err = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+	handle->h_sync = 1;
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle);
+	ext3_std_error(inode->i_sb, err);
+
+	return err;
+}