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authorDavid Barksdale <amatus@amatus.name>2014-08-13 18:04:11 -0500
committerDavid Barksdale <amatus@amatus.name>2014-08-13 18:04:11 -0500
commitf05c100b6a7051106229cda5a845e94e36e71b17 (patch)
treec69ec39e1fc49491a3f74587eb97da5419ca2708 /Documentation/io-mapping.txt
parent76eb481bf48dceae202d928d9a9d1b7c7bbcda79 (diff)
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-The io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h provide an abstraction for
-efficiently mapping small regions of an I/O device to the CPU. The initial
-usage is to support the large graphics aperture on 32-bit processors where
-ioremap_wc cannot be used to statically map the entire aperture to the CPU
-as it would consume too much of the kernel address space.
-
-A mapping object is created during driver initialization using
-
- struct io_mapping *io_mapping_create_wc(unsigned long base,
- unsigned long size)
-
- 'base' is the bus address of the region to be made
- mappable, while 'size' indicates how large a mapping region to
- enable. Both are in bytes.
-
- This _wc variant provides a mapping which may only be used
- with the io_mapping_map_atomic_wc or io_mapping_map_wc.
-
-With this mapping object, individual pages can be mapped either atomically
-or not, depending on the necessary scheduling environment. Of course, atomic
-maps are more efficient:
-
- void *io_mapping_map_atomic_wc(struct io_mapping *mapping,
- unsigned long offset)
-
- 'offset' is the offset within the defined mapping region.
- Accessing addresses beyond the region specified in the
- creation function yields undefined results. Using an offset
- which is not page aligned yields an undefined result. The
- return value points to a single page in CPU address space.
-
- This _wc variant returns a write-combining map to the
- page and may only be used with mappings created by
- io_mapping_create_wc
-
- Note that the task may not sleep while holding this page
- mapped.
-
- void io_mapping_unmap_atomic(void *vaddr)
-
- 'vaddr' must be the the value returned by the last
- io_mapping_map_atomic_wc call. This unmaps the specified
- page and allows the task to sleep once again.
-
-If you need to sleep while holding the lock, you can use the non-atomic
-variant, although they may be significantly slower.
-
- void *io_mapping_map_wc(struct io_mapping *mapping,
- unsigned long offset)
-
- This works like io_mapping_map_atomic_wc except it allows
- the task to sleep while holding the page mapped.
-
- void io_mapping_unmap(void *vaddr)
-
- This works like io_mapping_unmap_atomic, except it is used
- for pages mapped with io_mapping_map_wc.
-
-At driver close time, the io_mapping object must be freed:
-
- void io_mapping_free(struct io_mapping *mapping)
-
-Current Implementation:
-
-The initial implementation of these functions uses existing mapping
-mechanisms and so provides only an abstraction layer and no new
-functionality.
-
-On 64-bit processors, io_mapping_create_wc calls ioremap_wc for the whole
-range, creating a permanent kernel-visible mapping to the resource. The
-map_atomic and map functions add the requested offset to the base of the
-virtual address returned by ioremap_wc.
-
-On 32-bit processors with HIGHMEM defined, io_mapping_map_atomic_wc uses
-kmap_atomic_pfn to map the specified page in an atomic fashion;
-kmap_atomic_pfn isn't really supposed to be used with device pages, but it
-provides an efficient mapping for this usage.
-
-On 32-bit processors without HIGHMEM defined, io_mapping_map_atomic_wc and
-io_mapping_map_wc both use ioremap_wc, a terribly inefficient function which
-performs an IPI to inform all processors about the new mapping. This results
-in a significant performance penalty.