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+/*
+ This file is part of GNUnet.
+ (C) 2006, 2009 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)
+
+ GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
+ option) any later version.
+
+ GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with GNUnet; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
+ Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+/**
+ * @file include/gnunet_common.h
+ * @brief commonly used definitions; globals in this file
+ * are exempt from the rule that the module name ("common")
+ * must be part of the symbol name.
+ *
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ * @author Nils Durner
+ */
+#ifndef GNUNET_COMMON_H
+#define GNUNET_COMMON_H
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef MINGW
+#include "winproc.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_H
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Version of the API (for entire gnunetutil.so library).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_UTIL_VERSION 0x00090200
+
+/**
+ * Named constants for return values. The following
+ * invariants hold: "GNUNET_NO == 0" (to allow "if (GNUNET_NO)")
+ * "GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_SYSERR", "GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_NO", "GNUNET_NO != GNUNET_SYSERR"
+ * and finally "GNUNET_YES != GNUNET_NO".
+ */
+#define GNUNET_OK 1
+#define GNUNET_SYSERR -1
+#define GNUNET_YES 1
+#define GNUNET_NO 0
+
+#define GNUNET_MIN(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+
+#define GNUNET_MAX(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+
+/* some systems use one underscore only, and mingw uses no underscore... */
+#ifndef __BYTE_ORDER
+#ifdef _BYTE_ORDER
+#define __BYTE_ORDER _BYTE_ORDER
+#else
+#ifdef BYTE_ORDER
+#define __BYTE_ORDER BYTE_ORDER
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifdef _BIG_ENDIAN
+#define __BIG_ENDIAN _BIG_ENDIAN
+#else
+#ifdef BIG_ENDIAN
+#define __BIG_ENDIAN BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#ifdef _LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define __LITTLE_ENDIAN _LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#else
+#ifdef LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define __LITTLE_ENDIAN LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Endian operations
+ */
+
+# if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define GNUNET_htobe16(x) __bswap_16 (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole16(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_be16toh(x) __bswap_16 (x)
+# define GNUNET_le16toh(x) (x)
+
+# define GNUNET_htobe32(x) __bswap_32 (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole32(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_be32toh(x) __bswap_32 (x)
+# define GNUNET_le32toh(x) (x)
+
+# define GNUNET_htobe64(x) __bswap_64 (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole64(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_be64toh(x) __bswap_64 (x)
+# define GNUNET_le64toh(x) (x)
+#endif
+# if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+# define GNUNET_htobe16(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole16(x) __bswap_16 (x)
+# define GNUNET_be16toh(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_le16toh(x) __bswap_16 (x)
+
+# define GNUNET_htobe32(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole32(x) __bswap_32 (x)
+# define GNUNET_be32toh(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_le32toh(x) __bswap_32 (x)
+
+# define GNUNET_htobe64(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_htole64(x) __bswap_64 (x)
+# define GNUNET_be64toh(x) (x)
+# define GNUNET_le64toh(x) __bswap_64 (x)
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * gcc-ism to get packed structs.
+ */
+#define GNUNET_PACKED __attribute__((packed))
+
+/**
+ * gcc-ism to document unused arguments
+ */
+#define GNUNET_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+
+/**
+ * gcc-ism to document functions that don't return
+ */
+#define GNUNET_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
+
+#if __GNUC__ > 3
+/**
+ * gcc 4.x-ism to pack structures even on W32 (to be used before structs)
+ */
+#define GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_BEGIN \
+ _Pragma("pack(push)") \
+ _Pragma("pack(1)")
+
+/**
+ * gcc 4.x-ism to pack structures even on W32 (to be used after structs)
+ */
+#define GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_END _Pragma("pack(pop)")
+#else
+#ifdef MINGW
+#error gcc 4.x or higher required on W32 systems
+#endif
+/**
+ * Good luck, GNUNET_PACKED should suffice, but this won't work on W32
+ */
+#define GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * Good luck, GNUNET_PACKED should suffice, but this won't work on W32
+ */
+#define GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_END
+#endif
+
+/* ************************ super-general types *********************** */
+
+GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * Header for all communications.
+ */
+struct GNUNET_MessageHeader
+{
+
+ /**
+ * The length of the struct (in bytes, including the length field itself),
+ * in big-endian format.
+ */
+ uint16_t size GNUNET_PACKED;
+
+ /**
+ * The type of the message (GNUNET_MESSAGE_TYPE_XXXX), in big-endian format.
+ */
+ uint16_t type GNUNET_PACKED;
+
+};
+GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_END
+
+/**
+ * @brief 512-bit hashcode
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+ uint32_t bits[512 / 8 / sizeof (uint32_t)]; /* = 16 */
+}
+GNUNET_HashCode;
+
+
+GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * The identity of the host (basically the SHA-512 hashcode of
+ * it's public key).
+ */
+struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity
+{
+ GNUNET_HashCode hashPubKey GNUNET_PACKED;
+};
+GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_END
+
+/**
+ * Function called with a filename.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure
+ * @param filename complete filename (absolute path)
+ * @return GNUNET_OK to continue to iterate,
+ * GNUNET_SYSERR to abort iteration with error!
+ */
+typedef int (*GNUNET_FileNameCallback) (void *cls, const char *filename);
+
+
+/* ****************************** logging ***************************** */
+
+/**
+ * Types of errors.
+ */
+enum GNUNET_ErrorType
+{
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_NONE = 0,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR = 1,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING = 2,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO = 4,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG = 8,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INVALID = 16,
+ GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_BULK = 32
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * User-defined handler for log messages.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure
+ * @param kind severeity
+ * @param component what component is issuing the message?
+ * @param date when was the message logged?
+ * @param message what is the message
+ */
+typedef void (*GNUNET_Logger) (void *cls, enum GNUNET_ErrorType kind,
+ const char *component, const char *date,
+ const char *message);
+
+
+/**
+ * Number of log calls to ignore.
+ */
+extern unsigned int skip_log;
+
+#if !defined(GNUNET_CULL_LOGGING)
+int
+GNUNET_get_log_call_status (int caller_level, const char *comp,
+ const char *file, const char *function, int line);
+#endif
+/**
+ * Main log function.
+ *
+ * @param kind how serious is the error?
+ * @param message what is the message (format string)
+ * @param ... arguments for format string
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_log_nocheck (enum GNUNET_ErrorType kind, const char *message, ...);
+
+/* from glib */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 2) && defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+#define _GNUNET_BOOLEAN_EXPR(expr) \
+ __extension__ ({ \
+ int _gnunet_boolean_var_; \
+ if (expr) \
+ _gnunet_boolean_var_ = 1; \
+ else \
+ _gnunet_boolean_var_ = 0; \
+ _gnunet_boolean_var_; \
+})
+#define GN_LIKELY(expr) (__builtin_expect (_GNUNET_BOOLEAN_EXPR(expr), 1))
+#define GN_UNLIKELY(expr) (__builtin_expect (_GNUNET_BOOLEAN_EXPR(expr), 0))
+#else
+#define GN_LIKELY(expr) (expr)
+#define GN_UNLIKELY(expr) (expr)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(GNUNET_LOG_CALL_STATUS)
+#define GNUNET_LOG_CALL_STATUS -1
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Log function that specifies an alternative component.
+ * This function should be used by plugins.
+ *
+ * @param kind how serious is the error?
+ * @param comp component responsible for generating the message
+ * @param message what is the message (format string)
+ * @param ... arguments for format string
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_log_from_nocheck (enum GNUNET_ErrorType kind, const char *comp,
+ const char *message, ...);
+
+#if !defined(GNUNET_CULL_LOGGING)
+#define GNUNET_log_from(kind,comp,...) do { int log_line = __LINE__;\
+ static int log_call_enabled = GNUNET_LOG_CALL_STATUS;\
+ if ((GNUNET_EXTRA_LOGGING > 0) || ((GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG & (kind)) == 0)) { \
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(log_call_enabled == -1))\
+ log_call_enabled = GNUNET_get_log_call_status ((kind) & (~GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_BULK), (comp), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, log_line); \
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(skip_log > 0)) {skip_log--;}\
+ else {\
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(log_call_enabled))\
+ GNUNET_log_from_nocheck ((kind), comp, __VA_ARGS__); \
+ }\
+ }\
+} while (0)
+
+#define GNUNET_log(kind,...) do { int log_line = __LINE__;\
+ static int log_call_enabled = GNUNET_LOG_CALL_STATUS;\
+ if ((GNUNET_EXTRA_LOGGING > 0) || ((GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG & (kind)) == 0)) { \
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(log_call_enabled == -1))\
+ log_call_enabled = GNUNET_get_log_call_status ((kind) & (~GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_BULK), NULL, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, log_line);\
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(skip_log > 0)) {skip_log--;}\
+ else {\
+ if (GN_UNLIKELY(log_call_enabled))\
+ GNUNET_log_nocheck ((kind), __VA_ARGS__); \
+ }\
+ }\
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define GNUNET_log(...)
+#define GNUNET_log_from(...)
+#endif
+
+
+/**
+ * Abort the process, generate a core dump if possible.
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_abort (void) GNUNET_NORETURN;
+
+/**
+ * Ignore the next n calls to the log function.
+ *
+ * @param n number of log calls to ignore
+ * @param check_reset GNUNET_YES to assert that the log skip counter is currently zero
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_log_skip (unsigned int n, int check_reset);
+
+
+/**
+ * Setup logging.
+ *
+ * @param comp default component to use
+ * @param loglevel what types of messages should be logged
+ * @param logfile change logging to logfile (use NULL to keep stderr)
+ * @return GNUNET_OK on success, GNUNET_SYSERR if logfile could not be opened
+ */
+int
+GNUNET_log_setup (const char *comp, const char *loglevel, const char *logfile);
+
+
+/**
+ * Add a custom logger.
+ *
+ * @param logger log function
+ * @param logger_cls closure for logger
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_logger_add (GNUNET_Logger logger, void *logger_cls);
+
+
+/**
+ * Remove a custom logger.
+ *
+ * @param logger log function
+ * @param logger_cls closure for logger
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_logger_remove (GNUNET_Logger logger, void *logger_cls);
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a hash value to a string (for printing debug messages).
+ * This is one of the very few calls in the entire API that is
+ * NOT reentrant!
+ *
+ * @param hc the hash code
+ * @return string
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_h2s (const GNUNET_HashCode * hc);
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a hash value to a string (for printing debug messages).
+ * This prints all 104 characters of a hashcode!
+ * This is one of the very few calls in the entire API that is
+ * NOT reentrant!
+ *
+ * @param hc the hash code
+ * @return string
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_h2s_full (const GNUNET_HashCode * hc);
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a peer identity to a string (for printing debug messages).
+ * This is one of the very few calls in the entire API that is
+ * NOT reentrant!
+ *
+ * @param pid the peer identity
+ * @return string form of the pid; will be overwritten by next
+ * call to GNUNET_i2s.
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_i2s (const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *pid);
+
+/**
+ * Convert a peer identity to a string (for printing debug messages).
+ * This is one of the very few calls in the entire API that is
+ * NOT reentrant!
+ *
+ * @param pid the peer identity
+ * @return string form of the pid; will be overwritten by next
+ * call to GNUNET_i2s.
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_i2s_full (const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *pid);
+
+/**
+ * Convert a "struct sockaddr*" (IPv4 or IPv6 address) to a string
+ * (for printing debug messages). This is one of the very few calls
+ * in the entire API that is NOT reentrant!
+ *
+ * @param addr the address
+ * @param addrlen the length of the address
+ * @return nicely formatted string for the address
+ * will be overwritten by next call to GNUNET_a2s.
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_a2s (const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
+
+/**
+ * Convert error type to string.
+ *
+ * @param kind type to convert
+ * @return string corresponding to the type
+ */
+const char *
+GNUNET_error_type_to_string (enum GNUNET_ErrorType kind);
+
+
+/**
+ * Use this for fatal errors that cannot be handled
+ */
+#define GNUNET_assert(cond) do { if (! (cond)) { GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, _("Assertion failed at %s:%d.\n"), __FILE__, __LINE__); GNUNET_abort(); } } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Use this for fatal errors that cannot be handled
+ */
+#define GNUNET_assert_at(cond, f, l) do { if (! (cond)) { GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, _("Assertion failed at %s:%d.\n"), f, l); GNUNET_abort(); } } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Use this for internal assertion violations that are
+ * not fatal (can be handled) but should not occur.
+ */
+#define GNUNET_break(cond) do { if (! (cond)) { GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, _("Assertion failed at %s:%d.\n"), __FILE__, __LINE__); } } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Use this for assertion violations caused by other
+ * peers (i.e. protocol violations). We do not want to
+ * confuse end-users (say, some other peer runs an
+ * older, broken or incompatible GNUnet version), but
+ * we still want to see these problems during
+ * development and testing. "OP == other peer".
+ */
+#define GNUNET_break_op(cond) do { if (! (cond)) { GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING | GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_BULK, _("External protocol violation detected at %s:%d.\n"), __FILE__, __LINE__); } } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Log an error message at log-level 'level' that indicates
+ * a failure of the command 'cmd' with the message given
+ * by strerror(errno).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_log_strerror(level, cmd) do { GNUNET_log(level, _("`%s' failed at %s:%d with error: %s\n"), cmd, __FILE__, __LINE__, STRERROR(errno)); } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Log an error message at log-level 'level' that indicates
+ * a failure of the command 'cmd' with the message given
+ * by strerror(errno).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_log_from_strerror(level, component, cmd) do { GNUNET_log_from (level, component, _("`%s' failed at %s:%d with error: %s\n"), cmd, __FILE__, __LINE__, STRERROR(errno)); } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Log an error message at log-level 'level' that indicates
+ * a failure of the command 'cmd' with the message given
+ * by strerror(errno).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_log_strerror_file(level, cmd, filename) do { GNUNET_log(level, _("`%s' failed on file `%s' at %s:%d with error: %s\n"), cmd, filename,__FILE__, __LINE__, STRERROR(errno)); } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Log an error message at log-level 'level' that indicates
+ * a failure of the command 'cmd' with the message given
+ * by strerror(errno).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_log_from_strerror_file(level, component, cmd, filename) do { GNUNET_log_from (level, component, _("`%s' failed on file `%s' at %s:%d with error: %s\n"), cmd, filename,__FILE__, __LINE__, STRERROR(errno)); } while(0)
+
+/* ************************* endianess conversion ****************** */
+
+/**
+ * Convert unsigned 64-bit integer to host-byte-order.
+ * @param n the value in network byte order
+ * @return the same value in host byte order
+ */
+uint64_t
+GNUNET_ntohll (uint64_t n);
+
+/**
+ * Convert unsigned 64-bit integer to network-byte-order.
+ * @param n the value in host byte order
+ * @return the same value in network byte order
+ */
+uint64_t
+GNUNET_htonll (uint64_t n);
+
+/**
+ * Convert double to network-byte-order.
+ * @param d the value in network byte order
+ * @return the same value in host byte order
+ */
+double
+GNUNET_hton_double (double d);
+
+/**
+ * Convert double to host-byte-order
+ * @param d the value in network byte order
+ * @return the same value in host byte order
+ */
+double
+GNUNET_ntoh_double (double d);
+
+/* ************************* allocation functions ****************** */
+
+/**
+ * Maximum allocation with GNUNET_malloc macro.
+ */
+#define GNUNET_MAX_MALLOC_CHECKED (1024 * 1024 * 40)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around malloc. Allocates size bytes of memory.
+ * The memory will be zero'ed out.
+ *
+ * @param size the number of bytes to allocate, must be
+ * smaller than 40 MB.
+ * @return pointer to size bytes of memory, never NULL (!)
+ */
+#define GNUNET_malloc(size) GNUNET_xmalloc_(size, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Allocate and initialize a block of memory.
+ *
+ * @param buf data to initalize the block with
+ * @param size the number of bytes in buf (and size of the allocation)
+ * @return pointer to size bytes of memory, never NULL (!)
+ */
+#define GNUNET_memdup(buf,size) GNUNET_xmemdup_(buf, size, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around malloc. Allocates size bytes of memory.
+ * The memory will be zero'ed out.
+ *
+ * @param size the number of bytes to allocate
+ * @return pointer to size bytes of memory, NULL if we do not have enough memory
+ */
+#define GNUNET_malloc_large(size) GNUNET_xmalloc_unchecked_(size, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around realloc. Rellocates size bytes of memory.
+ *
+ * @param ptr the pointer to reallocate
+ * @param size the number of bytes to reallocate
+ * @return pointer to size bytes of memory
+ */
+#define GNUNET_realloc(ptr, size) GNUNET_xrealloc_(ptr, size, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around free. Frees the memory referred to by ptr.
+ * Note that is is generally better to free memory that was
+ * allocated with GNUNET_array_grow using GNUNET_array_grow(mem, size, 0) instead of GNUNET_free.
+ *
+ * @param ptr location where to free the memory. ptr must have
+ * been returned by GNUNET_strdup, GNUNET_strndup, GNUNET_malloc or GNUNET_array_grow earlier.
+ */
+#define GNUNET_free(ptr) GNUNET_xfree_(ptr, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Free the memory pointed to by ptr if ptr is not NULL.
+ * Equivalent to if (ptr!=null)GNUNET_free(ptr).
+ *
+ * @param ptr the location in memory to free
+ */
+#define GNUNET_free_non_null(ptr) do { void * __x__ = ptr; if (__x__ != NULL) { GNUNET_free(__x__); } } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around GNUNET_strdup. Makes a copy of the zero-terminated string
+ * pointed to by a.
+ *
+ * @param a pointer to a zero-terminated string
+ * @return a copy of the string including zero-termination
+ */
+#define GNUNET_strdup(a) GNUNET_xstrdup_(a,__FILE__,__LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper around GNUNET_strndup. Makes a partial copy of the string
+ * pointed to by a.
+ *
+ * @param a pointer to a string
+ * @param length of the string to duplicate
+ * @return a partial copy of the string including zero-termination
+ */
+#define GNUNET_strndup(a,length) GNUNET_xstrndup_(a,length,__FILE__,__LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Grow a well-typed (!) array. This is a convenience
+ * method to grow a vector <tt>arr</tt> of size <tt>size</tt>
+ * to the new (target) size <tt>tsize</tt>.
+ * <p>
+ *
+ * Example (simple, well-typed stack):
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * static struct foo * myVector = NULL;
+ * static int myVecLen = 0;
+ *
+ * static void push(struct foo * elem) {
+ * GNUNET_array_grow(myVector, myVecLen, myVecLen+1);
+ * memcpy(&myVector[myVecLen-1], elem, sizeof(struct foo));
+ * }
+ *
+ * static void pop(struct foo * elem) {
+ * if (myVecLen == 0) die();
+ * memcpy(elem, myVector[myVecLen-1], sizeof(struct foo));
+ * GNUNET_array_grow(myVector, myVecLen, myVecLen-1);
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param arr base-pointer of the vector, may be NULL if size is 0;
+ * will be updated to reflect the new address. The TYPE of
+ * arr is important since size is the number of elements and
+ * not the size in bytes
+ * @param size the number of elements in the existing vector (number
+ * of elements to copy over)
+ * @param tsize the target size for the resulting vector, use 0 to
+ * free the vector (then, arr will be NULL afterwards).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_array_grow(arr,size,tsize) GNUNET_xgrow_((void**)&arr, sizeof(arr[0]), &size, tsize, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Append an element to a list (growing the
+ * list by one).
+ */
+#define GNUNET_array_append(arr,size,element) do { GNUNET_array_grow(arr,size,size+1); arr[size-1] = element; } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * Like snprintf, just aborts if the buffer is of insufficient size.
+ *
+ * @param buf pointer to buffer that is written to
+ * @param size number of bytes in buf
+ * @param format format strings
+ * @param ... data for format string
+ * @return number of bytes written to buf or negative value on error
+ */
+int
+GNUNET_snprintf (char *buf, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
+
+
+/**
+ * Like asprintf, just portable.
+ *
+ * @param buf set to a buffer of sufficient size (allocated, caller must free)
+ * @param format format string (see printf, fprintf, etc.)
+ * @param ... data for format string
+ * @return number of bytes in "*buf" excluding 0-termination
+ */
+int
+GNUNET_asprintf (char **buf, const char *format, ...);
+
+
+/* ************** internal implementations, use macros above! ************** */
+
+/**
+ * Allocate memory. Checks the return value, aborts if no more
+ * memory is available. Don't use GNUNET_xmalloc_ directly. Use the
+ * GNUNET_malloc macro.
+ * The memory will be zero'ed out.
+ *
+ * @param size number of bytes to allocate
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ * @return allocated memory, never NULL
+ */
+void *
+GNUNET_xmalloc_ (size_t size, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+
+/**
+ * Allocate and initialize memory. Checks the return value, aborts if no more
+ * memory is available. Don't use GNUNET_xmemdup_ directly. Use the
+ * GNUNET_memdup macro.
+ *
+ * @param buf buffer to initialize from (must contain size bytes)
+ * @param size number of bytes to allocate
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ * @return allocated memory, never NULL
+ */
+void *
+GNUNET_xmemdup_ (const void *buf, size_t size, const char *filename,
+ int linenumber);
+
+
+/**
+ * Allocate memory. This function does not check if the allocation
+ * request is within reasonable bounds, allowing allocations larger
+ * than 40 MB. If you don't expect the possibility of very large
+ * allocations, use GNUNET_malloc instead. The memory will be zero'ed
+ * out.
+ *
+ * @param size number of bytes to allocate
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ * @return pointer to size bytes of memory, NULL if we do not have enough memory
+ */
+void *
+GNUNET_xmalloc_unchecked_ (size_t size, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+/**
+ * Reallocate memory. Checks the return value, aborts if no more
+ * memory is available.
+ */
+void *
+GNUNET_xrealloc_ (void *ptr, size_t n, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+/**
+ * Free memory. Merely a wrapper for the case that we
+ * want to keep track of allocations. Don't use GNUNET_xfree_
+ * directly. Use the GNUNET_free macro.
+ *
+ * @param ptr pointer to memory to free
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_xfree_ (void *ptr, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+
+/**
+ * Dup a string. Don't call GNUNET_xstrdup_ directly. Use the GNUNET_strdup macro.
+ * @param str string to duplicate
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ * @return the duplicated string
+ */
+char *
+GNUNET_xstrdup_ (const char *str, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+/**
+ * Dup partially a string. Don't call GNUNET_xstrndup_ directly. Use the GNUNET_strndup macro.
+ *
+ * @param str string to duplicate
+ * @param len length of the string to duplicate
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ * @return the duplicated string
+ */
+char *
+GNUNET_xstrndup_ (const char *str, size_t len, const char *filename,
+ int linenumber);
+
+/**
+ * Grow an array, the new elements are zeroed out.
+ * Grows old by (*oldCount-newCount)*elementSize
+ * bytes and sets *oldCount to newCount.
+ *
+ * Don't call GNUNET_xgrow_ directly. Use the GNUNET_array_grow macro.
+ *
+ * @param old address of the pointer to the array
+ * *old may be NULL
+ * @param elementSize the size of the elements of the array
+ * @param oldCount address of the number of elements in the *old array
+ * @param newCount number of elements in the new array, may be 0 (then *old will be NULL afterwards)
+ * @param filename where is this call being made (for debugging)
+ * @param linenumber line where this call is being made (for debugging)
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_xgrow_ (void **old, size_t elementSize, unsigned int *oldCount,
+ unsigned int newCount, const char *filename, int linenumber);
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a copy of the given message.
+ *
+ * @param msg message to copy
+ * @return duplicate of the message
+ */
+struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *
+GNUNET_copy_message (const struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *msg);
+
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L
+#if __GNUC__ >= 2
+#define __func__ __FUNCTION__
+#else
+#define __func__ "<unknown>"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /*GNUNET_COMMON_H_ */